With the surge of freight demand, the traffic peak of heavy and medium-sized trucks is also ushered in by domestic and provincial highways in Dongguan. For a long time, Dongguan traffic police have been carrying out special rectification actions for overloading trucks throughout the city, resolutely preventing vicious traffic accidents caused by overloading trucks and ensuring the traffic safety of national and provincial highways.

　

Daojiao: 100-ton king was dispatched in the early morning, and the Dongguan traffic police quickly seized it!

　

From the evening of October 6th to the early morning of October 7th, the traffic police detachment of Dongguan City cooperated with the Daojiao Traffic Police Brigade to carry out a special action to rectify the overload and overrun of trucks, and seized an overloaded heavy-duty semi-trailer tractor at the section of Huancheng West Road in Dongguan City. After investigation, the car has a nuclear load of 1.5 tons and a real load of about 12 tons, which is nearly 7 times overloaded.

　

It is understood that at 3 o’clock in the morning on the 7 th, when the duty officer inspected the road section of Huancheng West Road in Dongguan City, he found a heavy-duty semi-trailer tractor carrying a pile driver on the road, just like a "big MAC" driving on the road, feeling the road surface was obviously shaken, and the duty officer immediately signaled him to pull over for inspection. After the weighing test at the weighing station, the car has a nuclear load of 1.5 tons and a real load of 12 tons, which is nearly 7 times overloaded, and there is a serious illegal act of overloading. Daojiao Traffic Police Brigade imposed a fine of 2,000 yuan and deducted 6 points on the driver Zhang according to law, and temporarily detained the motor vehicle.

　

According to the investigation, the car had originally passed the traffic police detachment’s application for driving large transport vehicles, but its actual running route did not match the application route, so the application was deemed invalid. Drivers choose to transport during the fatigue-prone driving hours in the early morning, which also shows that they know that such behavior is illegal. In order to avoid the investigation by the traffic police, they took risks, regardless of their own safety and that of others. Driver Zhang also said that it is difficult to drive after the truck is seriously overloaded, and it feels that the vehicle "can’t run" and it is not safe.

　

In the illegal cases of trucks investigated, some forcibly "stuffed" the goods into the carriages for risky transportation, some simply fixed the carrying goods, the safety measures were not perfect, and some even did not fix the carrying goods at all. These behaviors were equivalent to putting the safety of themselves and others out of bounds, and once an accident occurred, the consequences would be unimaginable.

　

Dongkeng: The "smart" boss tried to evade investigation, and the "100-ton king" could not escape punishment.

　

In the early morning of October 7, Dongkeng Traffic Police Brigade found a heavy-duty semi-trailer tractor with Guangdong A license plate driving on the road in Dongxing West Road. The duty officer judged that the vehicle was abnormal and immediately intercepted it. After weighing test, the test result of the car is 106.83 tons. The duty officer immediately detained his vehicle, and imposed a fine of 2,000 yuan and deducted 6 points on the driver Wu Mou according to law.

　

It is understood that the vehicle has handled the "Overrun Transport Vehicle Pass", but it has expired. Wu Mou, the driver of the car, said that his behavior violated traffic regulations, but his boss gave him a "trick": "You can get away with it by transporting the pile driver to the construction site in the early hours of the morning." He didn’t expect to be caught red-handed because he was too clever. The personnel on duty severely criticized and educated Wu Mou, emphasizing that illegal overloading is a serious traffic violation, especially this heavy transport vehicle. Once an accident happens, the consequences will be unimaginable. Wu Mou said on the spot that he had realized his mistake and would abide by the traffic rules and refuse to overload.

　

Dongcheng: set up a check-in at night, and the truck can’t run illegally.

　

In the early morning of October 5th, Dongcheng Brigade of Dongguan Traffic Police launched a special rectification campaign for night inspection. During the operation, five illegal acts of exceeding the approved quality by less than 30% and five illegal acts of illegally modifying trucks were seized, effectively eliminating road traffic safety hazards and ensuring traffic safety in the jurisdiction.

　

In the early morning of October 5, Dongguan Traffic Police Dongcheng Brigade organized police forces to set up fixed duty points and mobile patrols on main roads such as Wanchang Road and Dongcheng Middle Road, respectively, and carried out special night inspections. During the operation, the police grouped the passing vehicles one by one to check whether there were overloaded vehicles. The operation was carried out until the early hours of the morning, and a total of five trucks were arrested for being overloaded and five trucks were suspected of being illegally modified.

　

Next, the traffic police in Dongcheng will continue to increase the investigation and punishment of driving violations, form a high-pressure situation of strict investigation, strict management and severe punishment, and strictly abide by the traffic safety defense line to escort the people in the jurisdiction.

　

Huang Jiang: One hour before dawn, the double "100-ton king" was in the same place and was investigated before and after.

　

In the early morning of October 7th, the Dongguan Traffic Police Detachment and the Huangjiang Traffic Police Brigade launched a special campaign to rectify the overloading and overloading of trucks, during which two "100-ton kings" who were seriously overloaded were seized.

　

At 5: 05 am on the 7th, the duty officer found a heavy-duty dump truck with Jiangxi C license on Gongchang Road. The duty officer noticed that the height of the truck was suspicious and intercepted it and took it to the weighing station for weighing inspection. The result was actually 102 tons and the vehicle was illegally modified and heightened. The duty officer immediately detained his vehicle, and imposed a fine of 2,000 yuan and a penalty of 6 points on the driver Wei.

　

Coincidentally, within an hour, at about 5: 47 a.m. on October 7 at Gongchang Road, a heavy van with the same license plate came from Jiangxi C, and the duty officer stopped it for routine inspection, and observed the tire sinking and the difficulty and slowness of the truck parking, so he took it to the weighing station for weighing inspection. The result turned out to be a "100-ton king" with a test data of 104 tons. The duty officer immediately detained his vehicle and imposed a fine of 2,000 yuan and a penalty of 6 points on the driver Liang.

　

Qiaotou: "zero tolerance" for illegal acts of overloading trucks!

　

On the evening of October 4th, the Qiaotou Brigade of Dongguan Traffic Police, in conjunction with relevant departments, launched a special rectification campaign for truck overloading.

　

At 19: 46 on the same day, at the section of Qiaoxin Road, the duty officer found that a truck loaded with a large amount of soil had exceeded the container, which was very dangerous, and then it was weighed. After verification, the total weight of Guangdong SF5*** cargo vehicle driven by Wang reached 38.18 tons, the maximum allowable total weight of the vehicle was 31 tons, 7.18 tons was overloaded, and the proportion of overloading was 23%. At present, the driver of the car, Wang Moumou, has been fined 500 yuan and scored 3 points.

　　

Qingxi: Strictly check the overloading of trucks and eliminate the hidden dangers of national and provincial traffic safety.

　

At 15: 51 on October 6th, the Qingxi Brigade of Dongguan Traffic Police seized a heavy-duty dump truck with the license plate of Guangdong B4****D at a distance of 100 meters from 5840 km of National Highway 228, which was illegal to drive the goods on the truck more than 30% of the approved load. The police on duty seriously criticized and educated the truck driver Tian, informed him of the dangers of overloading the truck, and imposed a fine of 2,000 yuan with 6 points according to law, and detained the motor vehicle according to law.

　

Qishi: Plasticized foam exceeds the limit on the road, and the traffic police will strictly investigate it!

　

On the afternoon of October 7th, when the police on duty of Dongguan Traffic Police Qishi Brigade set up a checkpoint on Hubin South Road, they found an out-of-gauge truck with Guangdong S4***3 license plate number. There are a lot of plasticized foam on the car, and the safety measures are not perfect. Law enforcement officers immediately signaled the car to pull over and accept the inspection. It was found that the car was carrying plasticized foam and there was no safety measures. The situation was very dangerous. As the car was suspected of exceeding the limit, the duty officer immediately inspected it.

　

After verification, the vehicle’s load has exceeded the limit length and height. According to the driver’s explanation, there is no overload, and there is no big problem with super-high and super-long. I don’t realize that the vehicle’s super-high and super-long driving on the road will not only affect the driving safety of other vehicles, but also have serious safety hazards. The police on duty gave serious criticism and education to the driver, informed him of the danger of exceeding the limit and punished him according to law.

　

Sha Tin: Super-long trucks are like "time bombs", so they go on the road regardless of safety. Check!

　

On October 6th, the police on duty patrolled the Ferry Road (Shatian section) within the jurisdiction of shatian town, and found two trucks loaded with a large number of abandoned bamboo poles and a construction scaffold, all of which were loaded with goods far beyond the rear. It is understood that the three drivers of the car think that these goods are not very heavy, not overweight, but a little too long, so there should be no problem, so they are eager to facilitate loading on the road, and they don’t realize the danger of loading height and length beyond the body. In view of the driver’s weak safety awareness, the police on duty gave serious criticism and education to the three drivers: the truck is too long, too wide and too high to block the line of sight, occupy the driveway, and it is easy to be left behind, which endangers road safety. The truck is too high, which not only causes the center of gravity of the vehicle to move up, but also more likely to induce rollover accidents and increase the risk of truck transportation. Moreover, in many roads with limited heights, it is easy for the truck to rub or get stuck under overpasses and height-limiting poles. In particular, long vehicles have great potential safety hazards to the rear vehicle, such as in the case of emergency braking, rear-end collision and easy to cause casualties in the rear vehicle.

　

After being persuaded by the police on duty, all three drivers realized their wrong behavior on the spot and said that they would never take risks for petty profits in the future! The police on duty imposed a fine of 150 yuan on all three drivers, and scored one point on the driver’s license, and guided the vehicles to the nearest parking lot for unloading and transshipment.

　

Nave: Strictly check the overloading of trucks and eliminate the hidden dangers of national and provincial traffic safety. The traffic police are in action!

　

During the National Day holiday, the nave Brigade of Dongguan Traffic Police continued to carry out illegal rectification actions for truck overloading on important sections of the jurisdiction, especially on National Highway 107 and Provincial Highway 120, so as to effectively eliminate road traffic safety hazards and protect people’s holiday travel in the jurisdiction.

　

At 10 o’clock in the morning on October 4th, nave Brigade of Dongguan Traffic Police seized two overloaded truck number plates at Jiangnan Bridge and Beiwang Road intersection of National Highway 107 (nave section), both of which were illegal acts of driving the goods on board with the weight exceeding the approved weight by more than 30%.

　

It is understood that the police on duty have seriously criticized and educated the drivers of the two trucks, informed them of the dangers of overloading the trucks and punished them with a fine of 2,000 yuan and 6 points according to law, and detained the motor vehicles according to law.

　

Fenggang: Strictly investigate the overloading of trucks, illegally purify the road traffic environment.

　

On October 5th, team member Fenggang of Dongguan traffic police seized an overloaded heavy-duty dump truck on the second line of G220 Dongshen.

　

It is understood that on the afternoon of the same day, when the duty officer set up a post inspection in the section of the second line of G220 Dongshen, he found a heavy-duty dump truck with license plate Guangdong SS6*** full of stones, and its driving situation on the road was abnormal. The duty officer immediately intercepted it and took it to the weighing station for weighing inspection. The results showed that the weight of the car reached 33.63 tons, which was less than 30% of the approved load. The duty officer immediately detained the car.

　

According to the driver Huang, he has been pulling goods during the National Day, thinking that the holiday is coming to an end, and he is ready to rest after pulling the last trip. It is not too much, so he simply pulls it all at once. I never thought that I met the traffic police on the way to check the car.

　

The duty officer of Fenggang Brigade of Dongguan Traffic Police immediately criticized and educated the driver Huang, and imposed a corresponding fine on him, 500 yuan, and scored 3 points for his driver’s license.

　

Chashan: Strictly check the overloading of trucks to ensure road traffic safety.

　

On October 7th, the Chashan Brigade of Dongguan Traffic Police carried out illegal rectification actions for overloading and overloading of trucks in all important sections of the jurisdiction, effectively eliminating road traffic safety hazards and escorting the people in the jurisdiction for holiday travel.

　

On the same day, the Dongguan traffic police Chashan Dadui set up a car check at the intersection of Yanxi Road, Chaxing Road in the jurisdiction. The police on duty found a heavy truck with the number plate of Guangdong S2***6. The goods on the car were too high, which easily blocked the rear driver’s sight. The police on duty immediately stopped the truck driver and gave him a serious criticism and education, informed him of the danger of the truck exceeding the limit and fined him 150 yuan according to law.

　

Ma Yong: The traffic police fined you for driving a truck that is too high and too long.

　

On October 5, Dongguan Mayong Traffic Police Brigade seized a super-long and super-high heavy-duty semi-trailer tractor with the license plate number of Guangdong and Jiangxi C****6 at Mayong section of Shuixiang Avenue.

　

At 10 o’clock in the morning, when the police on duty were on duty at the Mayong section of Shuixiang Avenue, they seized an ultra-long and ultra-high heavy-duty semi-trailer tractor with the license plate number of Guangdong and Jiangxi C****6. According to the driver, because I didn’t want to make another trip, I wanted to pack a little more for convenience, and I didn’t realize the danger of loading height and length beyond the body.

　

After investigation, the wood carried by the heavy-duty semi-trailer tractor has exceeded the length of the car body by 46CM and the height of the car body by 5CM. At present, the driver has been fined 150 yuan by the public security organs according to law, and the driver’s license has a penalty of 1 point.

　

Dongguan traffic police would like to remind you

　

Overloading and overloading of trucks not only affects the control performance of automobiles, blocks the line of sight, occupies lanes, and is prone to spillage, but also increases tire pressure, leading to safety hazards such as tire puncture and brake failure. Once a traffic accident is triggered, it is easy to cause serious casualties. For the sake of their own safety and the safety of others, the majority of truck drivers are requested to abide by traffic laws and regulations, and do not exceed the limit and overload.

　

Source: Dongguan Politics and Law

　　"China Space Station will surpass Mir Space Station in terms of functions, application benefits, construction technology, material replenishment and other important indicators, reaching or approaching the level of the International Space Station; We will surpass the level of the International Space Station in terms of information technology, energy technology, power technology and operational cost-effectiveness. " Academician Zhou Jianping, the chief designer of China’s manned spaceflight project, revealed at the 4th Chinese Project Summit Forum.

　　At the same time, Shanguang Chen, chairman of the forum, pointed out: "With the support of the Human Factors Engineering Section, China Space Station will definitely provide a warm space home for China astronauts and world astronauts, and make original achievements in Chinese."

　　Although human factors engineering is a strange scientific field to the public, four human factors engineering conferences have been held, each time releasing heavy signals and memorable news.

　　People are full of infinite imagination about the coming year of 2020 — — The space station era is coming, and the space year is coming!

　　Do astronauts drink their own urine in the sky?

　　Regenerative life support system is a sign of long-term residence.

　　"Urine may be a waste on the ground, but it is a resource in the sky." Wu Zhiqiang, deputy chief designer of the space station system, said a lot of advanced terms before. When he said this sentence, laymen were shocked — — Do astronauts drink their own urine in the sky?

　　The ancients said "not dirty and unclean". With the development of science and technology, it seems that the time has come to subvert our "three views".

　　Since Shenzhou 5 Yang Liwei went to heaven, China entered the era of manned space flight, supported by the first generation of life support system. Later, every time Shenzhou went to heaven, it would go to a higher level in terms of human security. By the last Shenzhou XI, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong spent 33 days cruising in space, showing their fashionable life of drinking tea and keeping fit in space to the people of the whole country.

　　Next, China enters the space station stage. What’s the difference?

　　Astronauts will stay in the space station for up to 180 days! As in previous times, it’s no good just bringing food, drink and oxygen. Although we have supporting cargo ship support, the cost of launching once is too high, and the life support system must be upgraded — — Physical and chemical regeneration life support system came into being.

　　"Machines should serve people." This sentence that Shanguang Chen often emphasized is believed to be our common belief, but in fact, with the continuous progress of technology, human beings have become more and more dependent on and worshipped machines, and gradually forgot their original intentions.

　　There is no denying that the man who created the machine is really great, and so is the machine. For example, Chang ‘e-1 to Chang ‘e-4 are exploring the moon for Chinese now, and next year’s Mars rover will help us to find out where the imagination of many generations has been entrusted. Machines have been opening up territory for us.

　　But machines can never replace people. People are uncertain, at the same time, people are irreplaceable factors. When people face new things and complex problems in person, their emotions, communicative thinking and comprehensive decision-making ability are beyond the reach of machines, which is the greatest driving force for science.

　　The summit forum on human factors engineering has been held for four years in a row. In four different cities, a large number of old academicians, old scientists, generals, lieutenant generals, chief engineers, deputy chief engineers and male and female astronauts are gathered every time. Recently, Wang Jian and Mao Ming, new academicians under great fame, have attended many meetings.

　　Why do so many famous scientists and designers of big countries attach so much importance to human factors engineering?

　　Perhaps, as China Space Station opens its doors to astronauts and scientists all over the world, human factors engineering will also be unveiled and truly understood by the public. The original research results produced by space research will serve our lives more and more.

　　With the construction of the space station, how to run the materialized regenerative life support system for long-term space flight reliably and efficiently has become the best example to explain human factors engineering.

　　Regenerative life support is a key sign system for astronauts from short-term flight to long-term in-orbit stay.

　　This environmental control and life support system not only collects and transforms people’s sweat and urine in the system, but also aims at establishing people’s living environment to ensure people to work efficiently and comfortably. In other words, the creative design practice of this system is all around people, serving people to eat, drink, sleep and work in a closed spacecraft.

　　"Regenerative life insurance technology is very complicated and is called a worldwide problem. It can be seen from the development process in the United States and Russia that the technology is very difficult and the investment is very large. " Wu Zhiqiang introduced that the development cost of a water treatment system on the US space station was 200 million US dollars. The International Space Station has been built for more than 10 years, and the regenerative life support system really only took five or six years.

　　Why are the United States and Russia so willing to invest money in this system?

　　Because according to their calculations, it costs 40,000-50,000 dollars to transport 1 kg of material to the orbit of the International Space Station, and 1 g of water is basically equivalent to the value of gold. "Of course, this is just water, and it also needs containers for water. Together, the economic cost is even greater." However, people generally need more than two kilograms of water a day, which is enough for three to six astronauts to spend six months to more than one year. It can be said that they are constantly burning money.

　　The International Space Station has spent more than 100 billion dollars. It is a challenge for China to make the design and management of the space station better and realize the pursuit of science and technology at less cost. Only by doing this can we be a sustainable development way.

　　This is the task of Wu Zhiqiang. Chinese has always had a big brain.

　　When astronauts are studied as the core of system engineering, they become very close to ordinary people. Everyone excretes 1.6 kilograms of urine and 1.7 kilograms of sweat a day, and there is water in the stool. Recycling water is the foundation. In addition, water contains oxygen, which can also be obtained by water electrolysis. In addition, the amount of carbon dioxide produced by people in breathing is 1 kg per day. These wastes should be returned to their respective places, recycled in different treatment systems, and finally converted into available resources in the space capsule. In the future, the cargo spacecraft can carry a basic amount, and the cost is greatly reduced.

　　"Reclaimed water, in a sense, is a kind of water produced in orbit. It is extracted from waste. In order to ensure people’s life and health, it must strictly meet medical requirements. " Popular science in Wu Zhiqiang has given the public a fact that if we want to travel around space, we also need to reuse the urine of the converted cabin personnel.

　　It must be said that when human beings look at the vast space, they deeply feel that it is extremely vast and has no boundaries. When human beings look at themselves, simply eating, drinking and sleeping is actually an extremely precise and borderless field. However, the study of ourselves determines how far we can go if we leave the land under our feet.

　　"This system has the most manned characteristics, and it is also an important symbol to distinguish manned spacecraft from unmanned spacecraft." Wu Zhiqiang’s task is ordinary in words, but it is a multi-system interdisciplinary subject in practice.

　　It can be seen that the parents of this body are naturally enjoying their own bodies, but they don’t realize that this is the greatest machine and there is endless room for exploration.

　　This system, which was previously hidden behind the spacecraft, is coming into people’s field of vision when astronauts are about to stay in space for a long time and are planning to go to the moon and Mars.

　　However, what if such precious recycling equipment breaks down in case it is used? This involves a typical human factor problem — — On-orbit maintenance of space equipment.

　　Even maintenance is also human.

　　The life of the space station is not only built, but also repaired.

　　"After the completion of the China Space Station, we will use the operation of astronauts and the cooperation of mechanical arms to transfer the solar wing to this position to improve the working efficiency of solar wing batteries. This is a very complicated on-orbit operation. If China astronauts do this, I think we will reach the same level of extravehicular operation as the International Space Station. " Zhou Jianping pointed out the design of China Space Station and explained it to everyone.

　　In the weightless environment, astronauts leave the cabin, transfer and repair equipment. The scene of astronauts working in harsh space environment in American movies is vivid. Many fans expect China to enter the era of space station, just to see that Chinese can do such a difficult job. The scene described by Zhou Jianping is not only difficult, but also proves the strength and ability of the China astronauts, which is exciting to think about.

　　Zhou Jianping used the space station as an example. At that time, the design life of the Soviet Union’s Mir space station was only five years. Because of the participation of some people, the Mir space station continued until 1999. Because the Russian operation and maintenance cost was unbearable, it was derailed. Similarly, there is no active participation in the current International Space Station, and it is impossible to maintain this state.

　　It seems that the life of the space capsule is not only made, but also repaired.

　　Zhou Jianping reveals the secret — —

　　This time, our telescope will also be in the earth’s orbit, with a magnificent name, called "Sky Survey". Compared with Hubble telescope, the field of view of the survey telescope is more than 300 times larger, but the resolution is comparable. It can fly in common orbit with China Space Station. When the space station needs to replenish it, the astronauts need to repair it, or the equipment needs to be upgraded, it can dock on the space station, and the astronauts will leave after the necessary operations, and then continue to fly in common orbit.

　　In the past, if satellites were launched out of control, they would lose hundreds of millions or even billions, and they would also become space junk suspended in orbit. But in the future, there will be onboard engineers in the spacecraft who can capture these satellites for maintenance. There are also some satellites that have expired, and we can also replace them for maintenance to increase their life.

　　As we all know, it is a breeze for us to twist a screwdriver on the ground, not to mention the load engineer and the astronaut from the Air Force. However, under the threat of extravehicular cosmic rays and flying rocks, astronauts must wear spacesuits as hard and heavy as a small spacecraft, and clumsy gloves make it very difficult to hold things. Therefore, the maintenance in the sky is mostly modular and integrated.

　　Just like children putting together Lego, even if it is a problem of a line or a screw, a whole module should be replaced to ensure safety and efficiency.

　　Shanguang Chen said that the on-orbit operation of the space station will reach more than 10 years, and there are many equipments including spacesuits and regenerative life support systems, which can greatly prolong the on-orbit service life and reduce the transportation cost through maintenance and parts replacement. How to ensure the quality of maintenance and improve the efficiency of maintenance should fully consider human capacity, space constraints, tool constraints and other human factors.

　　In just a few words, everyone has realized the arduous task of astronauts and load engineers in the Heavenly Palace in the future, not only to bear the test of weightlessness on the body, but also to do scientific experiments; It is necessary to observe both outer space and the earth from high altitude; It is necessary to go to the cargo ship to carry goods, to repair and overhaul the space station outside the cabin, and to launch micro-satellites to repair the survey telescope that is docked in parallel.

　　After Zhai Zhigang leaves the cabin and waves the national flag, future China astronauts will walk out of the cabin door more and more to work hard for our aircraft!

　　Half a year ago, NASA announced an Artemis project, that is, the United States won the moon again in 2024, and female astronauts will complete the moon landing. People invariably focus their eyes on Wang Yaping, the heroine of China.

　　When Shenzhou-10 was flying, as a space teacher, she gave a popular science class to primary and middle school students in the narrow cabin of Tiangong-1. The opening rate of the video at that time reached 1 billion times. If China can’t land on the moon immediately, it is certain that there will be female astronauts who will stay in the Tiangong for a long time in the near future and conduct scientific experiments in the core cabin and experimental cabin.

　　Wang Yaping’s appearance embodies the beauty of China’s classical beauties and the heroic posture of female soldiers, and her figure is tall and slim. People can’t help feeling pity for jade: how can such a slender woman carry heavy maintenance tasks?

　　This requires ergonomics to design auxiliary equipment that is more suitable for human body to work efficiently.

　　According to reports, the living environment of astronauts has been greatly improved. It can be said that from the past one room and one living room to three rooms and one living room, its livability is better and the extravehicular clothing has been greatly improved.

　　The more perfect the design of human factors, the less uncomfortable people feel, and the closer it will be to the day when ordinary Chinese will go into space.

　　Facing the unknown

　　Human factor evaluation surfaced.

　　Aerospace is a complex giant system, among which, what worries scientists most is how the people inside will survive and how to face the sinister and uncomfortable living environment when the spacecraft leaves the earth, our familiar home. In other words, how can we ensure that astronauts are "born after death" and work pleasantly and efficiently?

　　Human factors engineering studies more about death. This is a subject based on failure, disaster and lessons.

　　"The Boeing plane in Ethiopia went down vertically, reaching 20 meters underground." Academician Liu Daxiang watched the video of Boeing 737MAX’s last out-of-control state some time ago, which made him "particularly uncomfortable". This type of aircraft crashed twice in the four months from the end of last year to the beginning of this year, killing 346 people. At first, Boeing put the blame on people, saying that the driver’s operation was wrong, but "we didn’t analyze this problem, so China was the first to make a decision to stop flying". It was later proved that the pilot of this plane staged a man-machine war in the last 12 minutes. It is said that a system repeatedly forced the nose down, and the pilot repeatedly pulled the nose up again, but in the end, under the arrogant instructions of the machine, the driver could do nothing, causing human tragedy.

　　"Now all fields are completely commanded by machines, which is risky." The famous aero-engine expert in China said that Boeing 737MAX didn’t carry out enough flight test after replacing the engine, and didn’t make a comprehensive evaluation including human factors, and the result was painful.

　　Shanguang Chen believes that the Boeing accident has once again caused the industry to think deeply about the allocation of human-machine functions, and the main reason is that it does not pay attention to human factors evaluation. In fact, many accidents in the aerospace field can be attributed to human error or insufficient error-proof design of machines.

　　"Eliminating operational mistakes is my lifelong goal." Lieutenant General Hu Shixiang, who sent China’s first artificial satellite "Dongfanghong-1" into space in 1970, said this. He participated in organizing more than 100 launch tests of satellites and rockets.

　　What he remembers vividly is the launch of a communication satellite in 1982. After several simulated flights, the data showed that the rocket was short-circuited after 17 seconds of flight.

　　"Check. The socket was opened to see how the welding point was, and it was turned upside down one day and one night, and no problem was found. " Everyone can’t go anywhere, they are all waiting, and he feels stressed. Finally, it was found that there was a solder particle rolling around in a socket. Going back, it was a female inspector in Shanghai who was pregnant, "in a bad mood and missed the inspection."

　　Today, when it comes to aerospace, it is foolproof, and it is all from victory to victory. In fact, in Hu Shixiang’s memory, there was a bleak time. At that time, China had just started to help foreign countries to launch commercial satellites, and failed because of the plug problem and careless problem. "When Zhu Rongji served as deputy prime minister, he visited our base and asked, Commander Hu, can you hit three satellites and drop the next one? You go up and down now, and our hearts can’t stand it. "

　　"Plugs and sockets are often a simple problem, but the result of simple problems is very heavy. It can be said that a screw links the aerospace industry and a small button maintains national dignity. " Hu Shixiang appealed to the human factors experts who attended the meeting, and asked whether the human factors experts could give a measure and a method to reduce human errors and ensure success.

　　Shanguang Chen pointed out: Eliminating human errors and ensuring safety has always been the goal pursued by commanders and engineers at all levels engaged in complex systems and engineering projects, and human factors engineering provides theoretical guidance and design methods for this. These systems are designed by people, and they are bound to be branded by people. The system must be evaluated by relatively independent human factors, and the system that fails this evaluation shall not pass the final acceptance. Manned space flight is establishing this management and technical system.

　　The discipline idea of human factors engineering is to embody the design idea of people-centered, make the machine adapt to people’s needs, and the discipline goal makes the whole system realize safety, high efficiency and high performance. Typical characteristics are system engineering thought, design-oriented and multidisciplinary integration. It can be said that human factors engineering is a people-oriented system engineering.

　　Laozi said: goodness is like water, and water conservancy does not dispute everything. Shanguang Chen borrowed this concept many times and pointed out: people are like water, and if you are tall, I will retreat and not drown your grace; If you are low, I will come to make up for your shortcomings. More and more big countries have introduced human factors engineering into their own top-level design.

　　Bridgehead towards deep space

　　When will cars come and go on the moon?

　　Just like Go, when you take a step, you must design the next three to five steps.

　　When people are cheering and screaming for the 2020 space year, China’s manned space flight has started the deep layout of flying to the moon.

　　Why do you choose the moon for deep space? Shanguang Chen said that manned space flight has three main goals: first, exploring the unknown; The second is to develop and utilize space resources; The third is to expand the living space and find a new home. The moon is "the bridgehead for us to go deep into space".

　　In many science fiction novels, water ice, helium 3, important minerals and other resources on the moon are mined by clones and robots and transported back to the earth to serve mankind. So, what will the moon look like? Will there really be cars coming and going like Shanguang Chen said?

　　He believes that our future moon city will be implemented in stages: outpost, semi-permanent base, and then permanent moon home.

　　The moon home is mainly underground buildings, which can use moon soil and moon rock for heat preservation, heat insulation and radiation protection. Using 3D printing, the lunar dust and excavated lunar soil are printed into building materials. Choose a place where underground space is easy to drill and dig, and take Moon Rock as the base radiation bunker.

　　Shanguang Chen’s description is full of wonderful imagination. Perhaps, with the strong support of engineering and other disciplines, it will be close at hand when we have a super-large thrust rocket?

　　But he changed the subject and talked about a "successful failure."

　　At that time, Apollo 13, which flew to the moon, only flew for 55 hours and 46 minutes, and the agitation of the oxygen tank led to the serious explosion of the spacecraft service module. The spacecraft began to lose power, heat and, more importantly, the astronauts lost breathable oxygen.

　　"However, the astronauts used their quick wits to use the Aquarius lunar module as a lifeboat, and finally got rid of the gravity of the moon and returned to Earth safely. This is a successful case of relying on people’s wisdom and exerting people’s role, so it is a successful failure. " Shanguang Chen hopes to use this example to tell everyone that if we want to March to the moon, we must have more advanced human factors engineering concepts and designs.

　　Because human factors engineering is a kind of efficacy discipline based on failure and death.

　　What is a good designer? "Under danger, the system has the ability to play a human role and restore security." Shanguang Chen pointed out that, inspired by the experience of Apollo 13, our lunar module will directly carry the escape module in the future, which will increase the hope of astronauts’ survival.

　　The characteristic of aerospace is that many escape devices have been designed before. For example, when a rocket is launched, there is an escape tower in the atmosphere, and if something happens, it can parachute back to the ground. Therefore, whether you enter the Tiangong capsule or go to the moon in the future, you should put safety and efficiency first.

　　"Through the construction and development of the moon home, mankind will go to deep space, move to Mars, get out of the solar system, inherit the spark and spread human civilization in the vast universe!" Shanguang Chen set his sights on the future.

　　Perhaps looking back in a few years, 2020 is a very important time node for China’s space flight. Such a grand plan is to start from the core module of the space station — — Tianhe, take the first step.

　　(China Youth Daily China Youth Network reporter blocking force)

Editor’s Note: This article comes from Tencent Technology (ID: qqtech) and is reproduced by 36Kr with authorization.

On March 19th, the PPT of iQiyi roadshow was exposed, and the company will be listed on NASDAQ next week.

The following is a detailed interpretation of PPT English documents of roadshows.

Iqiyi IPO issued 125 million American Depositary Receipts (ADSs) at a price range of $17 to $19, with one ADS =7 common shares.

Pricing date: March 28, 2018

Stock code: IQ, listed on Nasdaq Stock Market.

Use of raised funds: content acquisition and production; R&D investment; Working capital and general enterprise use

Locking period: 180 days

Underwriters: Goldman Sachs, Credit Suisse and Bank of America Merrill Lynch are joint lead underwriters; Huaxing Capital, Citigroup and UBS Investment Bank are joint deputy underwriters.

Gong Yu, founder and CEO of iQiyi, and Wang Xiaodong, CFO.

Eager to become a technology-based entertainment giant, bringing fun and joy to people and their families.

The online entertainment industry in China has been growing rapidly, and the economic growth is expected to continue. According to the data provided by iResearch, the entertainment demand in China has reached RMB 1.06 trillion in 2016, and it is expected to increase to RMB 2.769 trillion in 2022, with a compound annual growth rate of 17.3%.

On the other hand, the scale of China’s online video member service market has increased from 400 million yuan in 2012 to 12.1 billion yuan (about 1.9 billion US dollars) in 2016; It is estimated that it will reach RMB 73 billion by 2022, with a compound annual growth rate of 34.9%.

Paid content+content distribution = subscription mode

Benefits of subscription mode: increase content investment-attract more subscribers-and get higher revenue.

Iqiyi’s business model-supported by the ability to monetize an IP in various ways.

Premium video content+paid membership service

In the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2017, the average monthly mobile users of iQiyi were about 421.3 million, and the average daily mobile users were 126.0 million. The average monthly visiting users of PC are about 424.1 million, and the average daily visiting users of PC are 53.7 million.

In December 2017, users watched 9.2 billion hours of video content on the iQiyi platform, and each user watched 1.7 hours of video content on the iQiyi application every day on average. Aiqiyi also owns the Aiqiyi Bubble Community, a leading entertainment-based social media platform in China, which allows fans to follow and interact with celebrities and entertainment communities.

According to the total time spent by users, iQiyi ranks second in China mobile application market; According to the calculation of monthly average visiting users, iQiyi ranks fourth.

As of December 31, 2017, the number of iQiyi subscribers was 50.8 million; As of February 28, 2018, the number of subscribers has risen to 60.1 million, which is faster than that of global peers.

Collect users’ search and play habits, consumption habits and interaction, and get public opinion analysis, user analysis and personalized recommendation through intention recognition, behavior model and machine learning.

Iqiyi Bubble: Focus on social networks in the entertainment field by targeting topics through celebrity dynamic news and content.

Powerful network effect, users realize socialization when watching videos.

More user behavior data-better content production and refined marketing-increase user participation and spend more time.

Through innovation in content selection, distribution mode and content production, iQiyi has become a market leader.

According to the report of iResearch, the original content of iQiyi occupies 5 in the top 10 Internet variety shows in China and 6 in the top 10 online original dramas.

In 2015, iQiyi released a high-budget online original TV series "Tomb Notes", which generated more than 100 million traffic within 24 hours of its release, with a total traffic of more than 4 billion.

Since 2015, iQiyi has released several award-winning original dramas, including Old Nine Gates and Crime without a License. The above two series generated about 13 billion traffic.

The company also took the lead in launching a series of very popular Internet variety shows, such as Qipa Shuo, which was released in 2014 and is now in its fourth season, and Hip-hop in China, both of which generated 3 billion traffic.

The video playback volume of "Hip Hop in China" reached 3 billion times; The number of short videos played reached 8 billion times; It has occupied 36 seats in 50 hot topics of Sina Weibo.

The program has produced a huge economic effect, and the advertising position of the 60-second finale is RMB 45 million.

Predicting video traffic and movie box office are key benchmarks to help determine the cost of content.

Iqiyi’s content ecosystem and strong publishing and monetization capabilities attract and support different types of content partners and provide them with optimized return on investment.

The functions provided by iQiyi to content partners include: content management, user and traffic data, and revenue sharing information.

Iqiyi’s solutions for advertising partners include: video pre-positioning and pop-up advertisements, In-Feed advertisements and innovative advertisements based on content.

Through artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing, iQiyi has the ability of intelligent creation, intelligent output, intelligent labeling, intelligent publishing, intelligent viewing, intelligent monetization and intelligent customer service.

Gong Yu, founder and CEO of iQiyi; Wang Xiaohui, Chief Content Officer; Alvin Tang, Chief Technology Officer; Wang Xiaodong, Chief Financial Officer; Wang Xiangjun, Chief Marketing Officer; Yang Xianghua, Senior Vice President; Senior vice president Duan Youqiao.

Iqiyi has technology and innovative genes, and is inclusive and respectful.

In the field of original content, iQiyi will recruit top talents, systematically produce phenomenal original content, and strengthen the relationship with upstream industry participants.

In terms of technological innovation, iQiyi will use artificial intelligence and big data to make content, enhance entertainment experience, introduce content recommendation, serve advertisers and content partners.

In the content provision ecosystem, iQiyi will expand the coverage of long tail content, increase the number of iQiyi partner accounts, and further develop content in new media formats.

In terms of user base, iQiyi will increase its appeal to users of different age groups, provide excellent and personalized experiences and strengthen content distribution.

In terms of monetization channels, iQiyi will increase the penetration rate of paying users, establish a multi-layer paying user system, expand In-Feed advertising services and develop other monetization channels.

The monetization opportunities of iQiyi include membership services, content publishing, online games, paid reading, online advertising services, copyright authorization, e-commerce and so on.

The total revenue of iQiyi in 2017 was RMB 17.3784 billion (about US$ 2.671 billion), an increase of 54.6% compared with RMB 11.2374 billion in 2016 and RMB 5.3186 billion in 2015.

Iqiyi’s membership service revenue in 2017 was RMB 6,536.0 million (about US$ 1,004.6 million), an increase of 73.7% compared with RMB 3,762.2 million in 2016 and RMB 996.7 million in 2015.

The proportion of membership service revenue in total revenue increased from 18.7% in 2015 to 33.5% in 2016, and further increased to 37.6% in 2017.

Iqiyi’s online advertising revenue in 2017 was RMB 8,158.9 million (about US$ 1,254.0 million), up 44.4% from RMB 5,650.4 million in 2016 and RMB 3,399.9 million in 2015.

The average revenue of iQiyi’s active users per mobile day in 2015 was RMB 60.2, which rose to RMB 89.6 in 2016 and RMB 137.9 in 2017, with a compound annual growth rate of 51.3%.

Iqiyi’s revenue per thousand visit hours in 2015 was RMB 85.8, which rose to RMB 118.5 in 2016 and RMB 158.7 in 2017, with a compound annual growth rate of 36.0%.

The total revenue cost of iQiyi in 2015 was RMB 6.042 billion, of which the content cost was RMB 3.694 billion, the bandwidth cost was RMB 1.167 billion and other costs were RMB 1.180 billion. In 2016, the total revenue cost was RMB 11.437 billion, of which the content cost was RMB 7.541 billion, the bandwidth cost was RMB 1.875 billion and other costs were RMB 2.021 billion. The total revenue cost in 2017 was RMB 17.387 billion, of which the content cost was RMB 12.617 billion, the bandwidth cost was RMB 2.190 billion and other costs were RMB 2.579 billion.

The gross profit margin of iQiyi was -13.6% in 2015, -1.8% in 2016 and 0.0% in 2017. Iqiyi’s revenue cost accounted for 113.6% of total revenue in 2015, 101.8% in 2016 and 100.0% in 2017.

The operating expenditure of iQiyi in 2017 was RMB 21,331.3 million (about US$ 3,278.6 million), higher than RMB 14,026.9 million in 2016 and RMB 7,746.2 million in 2015. Among them, the revenue cost was RMB 17,386.6 million (about US$ 2,672.2 million), higher than RMB 11,436.6 million in 2016 and RMB 6,041.8 million in 2015; Expenditure on sales, general affairs and administration was RMB 2,675.0 million (about US$ 411.1 million), higher than RMB 1,765.8 million in 2016 and RMB 1,204.5 million in 2015; R&D expenditure was RMB 1,269.8 million (about US$ 195.2 million), higher than RMB 824.5 million in 2016 and RMB 500.0 million in 2015.

The reasons why iQiyi is worth investing include: its leading position in the market; Have an advanced business model to capture market opportunities; A deep understanding of the entertainment industry in China; Top original production ability; Invest in content in an orderly and efficient manner.

China’s entertainment industry will become a trillion-dollar market.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, December 20 (Qiu Yu) The enterprise’s self-inspection action on the label specification of infant formula milk powder is underway, and some expressions suspected of exaggerating publicity are banned. What words can’t appear on the packaging of infant milk powder? How big is the difference between high-end and low-end milk powder? What kind of brand do enterprises want to develop most after the new milk powder policy? A reporter from Zhongxin. com (WeChat WeChat official account: cns2012) conducted an investigation.

　　Information such as "intelligence, breastfeeding" is banned.

　　At the beginning of this month, the General Office of the State Food and Drug Administration issued the Notice on the Standardization, Supervision and Inspection of the Labeling of Infant Formula Milk Powder (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), requiring enterprises to conduct self-examination on the labeling of infant formula milk powder.

　　The "Notice" refers to seven aspects of labeling inspection of infant formula milk powder, including functional expressions such as not explicitly or implicitly improving intelligence, increasing resistance or immunity, and protecting intestines; Do not use vague information such as "imported milk source", "from foreign pasture" and "ecological pasture"; The label shall not use "human emulsification", "breast milk" or similar terms.

　　In this regard, after investigating the infant milk powder sold online and offline, the reporter found that some brands wrote "It is helpful for the normal development of baby’s vision" on the packaging, and some introduced that "the five-dimensional system of nutrition, absorption, digestion, immunity and intelligence is natural, safe and complete", and some brands emphasized "being friendly to the human body".

　　On some e-commerce platforms, some infant milk powder brands use expressions such as "imported milk source" and "pure close to breast milk" in advertising.

　　Several treasure mothers said that they didn’t know which nutrients had the function of improving intelligence or improving immunity, but some functional expressions on the packaging and the words "from foreign pastures" did have certain allure.

　　How big is the difference between high and low-end milk powder?

　　Take expressions such as improving intelligence or improving resistance as an example. Do these milk powders really have the above functions?

　　Song Liang, a senior dairy analyst and head of the industrial economic expert group of China Agricultural Reclamation Dairy Alliance, pointed out in an interview that the functional differences of different infant milk powders are not very big. At present, the research on infant milk powder in China is not perfect. Some enterprises claim that they have educational function by adding some nutritional elements, and more than 90% of these are exaggerated propaganda.

　　"The formula of infant milk powder mainly refers to international standards, and countries have fine-tuned it according to the national conditions," said Wang Dingmian, a dairy expert. In terms of the nutritional composition and content of milk powder, international standards give room for fluctuation, but the formulas of different countries are similar, and the so-called high-end milk powder and low-end milk powder are not very different.

　　Label identification is a sign to distinguish different commodity providers and an important reference for consumers to choose and buy goods.

　　In the interpretation of the Notice, the State Food and Drug Administration mentioned that the label exaggerated publicity, claims and other chaos caused confusion in the infant formula milk powder market, and also made it difficult for consumers to purchase infant formula milk powder.

　　Song Liang believes that the propaganda of infant milk powder in China is too strong, which may mislead consumers. As a result, consumers blindly pursue a certain function of milk powder and lose their rational view of the essence of milk powder.

　　The standard label is "the front station" of the new milk powder policy.

　　This is not the first time that the State Food and Drug Administration has stipulated the labeling of infant formula milk powder. In June this year, the State Food and Drug Administration issued the "Measures for the Administration of Formula Registration of Infant Formula Milk Powder Products" (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures"), which came into effect on October 1, 2016, with a transition period until January 1, 2018.

　　The "Measures" require applicants to submit sample labels and instructions, as well as descriptions and certification materials claimed in the labels and instructions when applying for registration, and make detailed provisions on the expression requirements of labels and instructions. These include information such as "intelligence" and "breast-feeding".

　　The "Measures", known as the "New Deal for Milk Powder", has a transitional period until 2018. Why do you carry out standardized labeling actions now?

　　"Standard labeling is to prepare for the formal implementation of the new milk powder policy, for the new policy ‘ Advance station ’ Wang Dingmian said that enterprises should have an adaptation process during the transition period. If there are still label violations after 2018, the production qualification may be cancelled.

　　In the interpretation of the Notice, the State Food and Drug Administration pointed out that at present, the registration of infant formula milk powder products has begun, in which the sample labels and instructions and their claims are important contents of the registration review. Enterprises do a good job in self-inspection and rectification of label identification, which is also a good foundation for the smooth application for product formula registration.

　　The Notice requires enterprises to carry out self-examination and self-correction within three months. In this regard, Song Liang pointed out that although the reserved time is short, the State Food and Drug Administration is steadily and orderly implementing the registration system. Label management first helps to reduce the industry-oriented publicity, which is of great significance in the whole process of formulation system landing.

　　Industry concentration increases. What kind of brands do enterprises want to keep?

　　In addition to standardizing labels, an important content of the Measures is to stipulate that each enterprise shall not exceed 3 series and 9 formulas. Some analysts said that this is conducive to the improvement of the concentration of milk powder industry.

　　Changjiang securities’s research report pointed out that domestic infant milk powder enterprises usually have many formulas, and some even have dozens of product series. However, in fact, there is little difference in the formulas of each product series. The implementation of the new regulations will prompt enterprises to cut down small brands with small sales and poor performance, which will help improve the concentration of milk powder industry.

　　Some people in the milk powder industry told reporters that many enterprises are carrying out "three actions". First, reduce brands. Before, it was common for an enterprise to have 30 or 50 brands, and there were more than 100 brands in individual enterprises. Now, enterprises have begun to shrink brands and formulas. The second is to reduce production, and enterprises have reduced the production quantity of some brands of milk powder. Third, promotion, through marketing means, try to sell the milk powder that has been produced during the transition period and reduce losses.

　　Wang Dingmian said that at present, the brands that enterprises hope to "keep" are mainly their own brands, brands with the best popularity and market share, and brands that are easy to sell and have high profits.

　　"After the brand concentration is improved, consumers and enterprises can establish a benign communication," Song Liang said. Enterprises can maintain their brands more carefully and ensure the order of sales channels; Consumers can have a deep understanding of a brand, and then make a relatively objective judgment. (End)

-Interpretation of "Special Action Plan for Patent Transformation and Application (2023-2025)" Series ①

Innovation is the first driving force for development. By September, 2023, there were 4.805 million effective invention patents in China, and the status of intellectual property power was firmly established. Not long ago, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Special Action Plan for Patent Transformation and Application (2023-2025)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), demanding that efforts be made to break through the key blocking points of patent transformation and application, and effectively turn the advantages of the patent system into powerful kinetic energy for innovation and development.

"The patent system is an innovative incentive mechanism that enables the innovation subject to recover the pre-research and development costs by giving the technical solution the exclusive right to use it. Patent industrialization is a process of transforming innovation into productivity, which contributes to the realization of patent production value and economic value. Therefore, the patent system is industry-oriented, and only in the process of industrialization can the incentive effect of the patent system be maximized. " Yi Jiming, director of Peking University International Intellectual Property Research Center, said in an interview with China Intellectual Property News that this is also the key to promoting the industrialization of a number of high-value patents proposed in the "Program".

Revitalize the existing patents in colleges and universities

Universities and scientific research institutions have a large number of patents. As of September 2023, the total number of effective invention patents owned by universities and scientific research institutions in China accounted for 25.3% of the total number of effective invention patents in China, more than a quarter. On the contrary, there is still much room for improvement in the industrialization rate of their patents. According to the Patent Investigation Report of China in 2022, in 2022, the effective patent industrialization rates of universities and scientific research units were 3.5% and 14.3% respectively. How to revitalize its existing patents and solve the problems of "unwilling to transfer", "unable to transfer" and "afraid to transfer"?

"For many colleges and universities, it is necessary to consider the issue of maintaining and increasing the value of patents. This leads to the need to go through layers of examination and approval for patent transformation, which delays the entry of products into the market and makes everyone afraid to transform patents easily. The "Proposal" lists the solution in this regard and is a "relaxation" of colleges and universities. " Wu Changzheng, director of the Office of Transfer and Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of China University of Science and Technology, said.

The "Proposal" clearly explores a new management model for the transformation of post scientific and technological achievements in universities and scientific research institutions, improves the due diligence exemption and fault-tolerance mechanism for patent transformation, and implements the overall assessment of the preservation and appreciation of state-owned shares formed by the pricing of patents and other scientific and technological achievements by year, types and stages, instead of individual case assessment. "The overall assessment method shares the risks brought by market operation to a certain extent, so that more colleges and universities dare to carry out patent transformation by means of pricing shares." Wu Changzheng said.

How to find a matching industrialization project for a patent? The "Proposal" proposes that universities and scientific research institutions organize the screening of patents with potential market value, and rely on the national intellectual property operation service platform system for unified online registration and warehousing; Effectively use new technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to match and push enterprises according to industrial segmentation areas, and promote the docking of supply and demand. Based on enterprises’ feedback on patent industrialization prospect evaluation, patent technology improvement demand and Industry-University-Research’s willingness to cooperate, the potential of existing patent industrialization is identified, and a convertible patent resource database is constructed in layers.

"Patents are an important carrier for the transformation of innovative resources into market elements. Sorting out and revitalizing existing patents solves the problem of where patents come from." Xiao Youdan, director and researcher of the Institute of Science and Technology Development Strategy, Institute of Science and Technology Strategy Consulting, China Academy of Sciences, said that from the requirements of "Strive to achieve full coverage of untranslated effective patents in universities and scientific research institutions by the end of 2025", it can be seen that this policy will cover more untranslated patents. At the same time, the "Proposal" puts forward specific measures such as screening and registration, matching and pushing, and layered warehousing, which is expected to further clarify the "family background" of patents and promote efficient transformation.

Promote strong industrial chain and increase efficiency.

As the receiving end of patents, enterprises determine the final effect of patent industrialization.

The "Proposal" puts the focus and foothold of patent transformation and application on serving the real economy, and proposes to promote the strong chain of intellectual property rights in key industries to increase efficiency, cultivate high-value patent portfolios, build and operate patent pools in key industries, and stimulate the innovation vitality and transformation power of various subjects. At the same time, give full play to the advantages of China’s ultra-large-scale market, provide fertile soil for the application of new technologies and the development of new formats, encourage the exploration of patent open source in frontier technology fields such as future industries, and expand the scale and benefits of patent industrialization.

"The quality of patents directly affects its market value, and it is also the most concerned issue in our transformation and application." Zhang Yongqiang, head of intellectual property of Suzhou Minxin Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., said that many measures proposed in the Plan have important reference significance for the development of enterprises, such as cultivating and discovering a number of high-value patent portfolios that make up for the shortcomings of common technologies and have industry-leading advantages by focusing on enterprises in key industries and cooperating with various major innovation platforms, which is expected to help enterprises obtain more high-quality patents and obtain higher market returns.

"The realization of patent value requires the smooth flow of the whole industrial chain of’ technology research and development-achievement transformation-product application’, as well as the coordination among research and development subjects, production subjects, government departments and other service subjects. On the basis of unblocking the patent transformation chain, the "Proposal" should pay more attention to the cultivation of value increment and the strengthening of industrial chain, so as to realize the leap from value to more, from more to more refined, and from scratch to stronger industrial chain. " Yi Jiming said, specifically, China should further explore the technical value in key industries with high degree of patent industrialization, and transform the technological leading edge into international competitive advantage in a timely and efficient manner; At the same time, on the basis of respecting the choice of market players, we will guide key industries to further promote the implementation of patents, expand the scope of industrial transformation of patented technology, and reduce the transaction cost of technology, so as to fully release the patent value.

The "Proposal" requires that by 2025, the turnover of technology contracts involving patents nationwide will reach 800 billion yuan, and the output value of patent-intensive products registered and recognized will exceed one trillion yuan. In the next two years, this innovation and development momentum brought by patents will accelerate agglomeration. (Reporter CoCo WU)

On the afternoon of March 7th, the K4598 special train for migrant workers started from Dazhou, loaded with 1,474 returned migrant workers from Dazhou, crossing fields and hills in spring and heading for Huizhou, Guangdong.

Our province is a province with a large population, a large labor export province and a large migrant worker economy province. In 2019, the rural labor force in the province transferred and exported 24.8 million people, and the migrant worker economy reached more than 800 billion yuan in the whole year. Faced with the problem that migrant workers who go out to work and return to work can’t get out of their homes, get on the car doors and get into the factory doors due to the epidemic situation in COVID-19, our province has strengthened overall planning to highlight the key points of protection, and opened up the "three doors" that hinder migrant workers from returning to work, so as to stabilize the current employment situation in the province and help enterprises to return to work and resume production.

In the past few days, from the western Sichuan Plateau to the hills of eastern Sichuan, from the southern Sichuan Economic Zone to the northern Sichuan Basin, from the special train to the special plane, the activities of "point-to-point" escorting migrant workers back to work have been going on almost every day. According to statistics, as of March 8, there were 13.075 million migrant workers in the province, with a return rate of 64.2%.

Man-post docking   Get out of the house and return to work orderly

On the evening of March 6, Longlari of Yanjiaoyun Township, Leibo County, Liangshan Prefecture received a phone call. Aku Niugu, a staff member of the County Migrant Workers Service and Security Center, informed on the phone that there was a special train from Chengdu to Fuzhou on March 10, and he could take the special train back to work to earn money.

"Great!" Long Lari was very happy after answering the phone. He worked in a shipbuilding enterprise in Fujian, and many days of returning to work have been delayed because of the epidemic.

The effective docking of personnel and posts is the first threshold for migrant workers to go out to work smoothly under the influence of the epidemic. The premise of crossing this threshold is to find out the base.

Li Yiman, deputy director of the Provincial Agriculture and Labor Office and director of the Migrant Workers Division of the Department of Human Resources and Social Security, said that after the outbreak, our province acted quickly, organized special personnel to go to the village to find out the willingness of returning migrant workers, counted the number of migrant workers, and made a real account of migrant workers’ work. According to the arrangement, there are more than 20 million migrant workers in the province who plan to return to work after the holiday like Longrila.

Find out the base and dock in an orderly manner.

In mid-February, provincial leaders led a team to communicate with Sichuan migrant workers in Zhejiang, Guangdong and other major provinces, and signed a memorandum of labor cooperation during the epidemic, reaching a consensus on the docking of supply and demand, orderly organization, health monitoring and direct bus service for migrant workers returning to work. Up to now, the provinces (cities) that signed the memorandum of labor cooperation with our province during the epidemic have expanded from Zhejiang and Guangdong to 8 provinces (cities) such as Chongqing and Yunnan.

On February 20th, the first free return train for migrant workers in Guangdong after the Spring Festival departed from Chengdu East to Guangzhou South. 917 Sichuan migrant workers from 18 cities (states) in the province returned to work. Because the base number is clear, this special train takes less than 48 hours from organizing migrant workers to sign up for the train.

"The factory started construction on February 1, but it was affected by the epidemic and could not leave the house." Li Hongying, from Qilichong Village, Yong ‘an Town, Shizhong District, Neijiang City, said with emotion that with the help of the government, she left home and had the opportunity to return to work.

In the province, key enterprises, key areas and labor importing cities and counties have also been effectively docked. On February 24th, seven special vehicles for migrant workers returning to work from Neijiang, Suining, Nanchong, Zigong, Luzhou, Yibin and Guang ‘an, carrying 56 migrant workers, arrived safely at Sichuan Geely Automobile Parts Co., Ltd. in Longquanyi District, Chengdu Economic Development Zone. On February 29th, Chengdu Employment Bureau and Zhongjiang County People’s Social Security Bureau signed a regional labor cooperation agreement on human resources. On that day, 150 Zhongjiang migrant workers took a special bus to Chengdu to report for work at the docked positions.

Huang Xiaodong, member of the Party Committee of the Department of Human Resources and Social Security and director of the Provincial Employment Bureau, said that as of March 7th, the rate of migrant workers returning to work in the province was 62%. Among them, there are 6,025,600 people outside the province, and the return rate is 86.3%; There are 6,647,100 people in the province, and the return rate is 51.1%.

Accompanied by spring breeze   Special car special plane "point-to-point" escort

Affected by the epidemic, transportation in many places was "stopped", and farmers returned to work. How did they get on the car door? "Point-to-point, one-stop" "Spring Breeze Action" to send migrant workers back to their posts safely was immediately launched in our province.

On February 1st, during the "shutdown" of inter-provincial passenger transport across the country, three buses carrying more than 100 returning migrant workers were sent from Luzhou to Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, which was the first "Spring Breeze Action" chartered bus in Sichuan. Every passenger in the car has been tested for normal body temperature, and left detailed information such as telephone number, address and work unit. On the way, the vehicle does not get off the highway, and the driver has to disinfect the vehicle every few hours and check the body temperature for the passengers. Before the departure, the Provincial Department of Transportation coordinated with Guangdong Province and the provincial transportation authorities along the route to determine the passable places and arrival destinations of vehicles.

Accompanied by the spring breeze, return to work safely. As of March 7, the province’s "Spring Breeze Action" has operated a total of 19,700 special vehicles, safely transporting 371,200 migrant workers back to their posts.

Sichuan "Spring Breeze Action" implements unified information collection, unified health service and unified transportation organization, with strict prevention and control throughout the whole process, warm service throughout the whole process, and follow-up supervision throughout the whole process, and gives corresponding subsidies to migrant workers for returning to work, free traffic of vehicles in the provincial expressway network and other policy support. This practice has been well received by the Ministry of Transport and promoted throughout the country.

Point-to-point escort, get off the door and enter the factory door. At 21 o’clock on the evening of February 17th, the first customized train for migrant workers from Chengdu after Sichuan Festival arrived in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province after a 12-hour journey. The business owners in Hangzhou, who had been waiting for a long time, took their employees home by car.

With the resumption of work and production in various parts of the country, it is urgent to let migrant workers return to their posts as soon as possible. Sichuan has accelerated the pace of transporting migrant workers abroad. After collecting the information about migrant workers, the human and social departments will take the lead in docking the railway departments, run a special train for returning to work, and the transportation department will do a good job in the "last mile" traffic guarantee.

China Railway Chengdu Bureau Group Co., Ltd. actively cooperates with local governments and employment enterprises to open special trains. As of March 7, a total of 44 special trains for returning to work have been opened. Air China, Sichuan Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Chengdu Airlines, Spring Airlines and other airlines in Sichuan have launched customized charter services and accelerated the resumption of flights suspended due to the epidemic. As of March 7, our province has operated a total of 14 special planes for migrant workers to return to work.

One yard in hand   Healthy return to work and smooth entry into the factory are guaranteed

"The health certificate played a big role. I went to the factory to observe and rest for three days before going to work." On February 20th, with the "Health Declaration Certificate for Migrant Workers in Sichuan Province", Gu Wancai, a migrant worker from Mianyang, got on the special train organized by the government and returned to his work unit, an enterprise in Qingxi Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province.

In order to enable migrant workers to travel with peace of mind and health, our province has conducted free health check-ups for migrant workers returning from work in the province since February 5, and issued a health status follow-up record form as needed. On February 17th, with the consent of the provincial government, our province implemented the temporary measures of health declaration and certification for migrant workers and provided free health declaration and certification services. Compared with the health follow-up record form, the use scope of health certificate is extended to the general use in the province, and the platform is established by the provincial big data center to realize the sharing of health certificate data.

"With the health certificate, I went all the way to the factory smoothly." Zhang Changming, a migrant worker in Beichuan County, Mianyang City, has to pay more than 3,000 yuan in mortgage every month, which is under great economic pressure. He said that after the Chinese New Year, due to the epidemic situation, he has been unable to go out. Although the factory informed him to return to work, he also told him to bring a health certificate when he returned to the factory. When he was overwhelmed, on February 17th, our province began to apply for the "Health Declaration Certificate for Migrant Workers in Sichuan Province", which solved the urgent need of Zhang Changming.

Between provinces, our province took the lead in establishing a mutual recognition mechanism of health certificates in China. Guangdong Province, with more than 300 migrant workers from Wan Chuan, and Zhejiang Province, with more than 100 migrant workers from Wan Chuan, are the first two provinces to establish a mutual recognition mechanism for health certificates with our province. At present, our province has established mutual recognition mechanism of health certificates with eight provinces (cities) including Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian, Yunnan and Chongqing. With the gradual stabilization of epidemic prevention and control, our province has extended the validity period of health certificates from the initial 3 days to 14 days, further smoothing the road for migrant workers to return to work healthily and smoothly.

Township hospitals and community health service centers, which undertake the task of health examination and health certificate issuance, strictly abide by the first pass of migrant workers’ healthy travel.

"Health centers have arranged family doctors in every village (community) within their jurisdiction, and are responsible for feeding back to the health centers whether there are confirmed patients, suspected cases, fever patients and people in areas with high epidemic incidence in COVID-19. At the same time, the village (community) Committee will review the health status and recent contact history of the applicant in advance and issue a certificate. Finally, the health certificate will be issued after inspection by the health center. " The nurse of Jinbei Township Health Center in Bazhou District, Bazhong City introduced to Fang.

As of March 7th, our province has issued health certificates for 10.47 million migrant workers.

"Migrant workers are the guarantee for enterprises to resume work and production." Huang Xiaodong introduced that our province will continue to promote the safe, healthy and orderly return of migrant workers through measures such as docking supply and demand, optimizing health services and ensuring transportation. (Reporter   Liu Chunhua   Wang Meiling)

Recently, Xi ‘an is vigorously promoting the transformation of household appearance. The renovation of household surface in Xi ‘an began as early as 2013, but the progress was slow, and rapid progress was made in the past two years. Up to now, there are 8,235 power supply communities in Xi ‘an, 7,358 of which have been signed and handed over, accounting for 89%, and 5,425 of which have been renovated, accounting for 66%. According to the plan, the transformation task of urban residents’ electricity meters will be fully completed before November 15 this year.

According to a survey conducted by the reporter of Huashang Daily, although it is stipulated that the property should be publicized regularly after collecting the public electricity fee, the reality is that there is little publicity, the publicity content is opaque and there is a lack of supervision.

> > Owner’s response

Each household shares the electricity fee of 285 yuan per year.

The owner questioned the authenticity

Recently, the Zhonghai Guanyuan Community in Qujiang New District is undergoing renovation of the household table, and the owners have questioned the standard of shared electricity charges for property publicity.

Ms. Zhang, the owner of Zone B of Zhonghai Guanyuan, said that she lived in the community in 2011. There were 1,548 households in the community. Before the renovation of the household table, they all bought electricity in the property, 0.6 yuan/kW h. "The neighborhood next to it is only 0.498 yuan/kW h." Ms. Zhang said that the electricity fee in the community has always been more expensive than that in other communities, and the property said that it includes sharing and loss.

After the renovation, the owner doesn’t have to go to the property to buy electricity. I thought I could enjoy the electricity price of 0.498 yuan/kW h like other residential areas. I didn’t expect that the property posted a public notice saying that the shared electricity fee in the residential area was 36,877 yuan/month (the annual shared electricity fee was about 450,000 yuan), and each household shared 0.202 yuan /m/ month according to the area, so that the average household needed to pay the shared electricity fee of 285 yuan per year.

The reporter from Huashang Daily saw the calculation table of the shared electricity fee for the project named (Guanyuan Area B) at the entrance of the community, which listed the unit corridor lights, park street lights, landscape lights, water pumps, civil air defense sewage pumps, access control systems, fans, fire pumps, line loss power, daily cumulative electricity consumption time, daily energy consumption, etc. Based on this, it was calculated that the monthly energy consumption of public facilities and the shared electricity fee per unit area were 0.202 yuan.

Some owners don’t quite agree with this announcement. Taking the electricity consumption of the unit access control system in the announcement as an example, the daily energy consumption time of the announcement is 24 hours, but the unit access control is almost empty at night, and it is in a rest state. The owners think that the energy consumption in use and rest state is different and should not be generalized. The owner thinks that this publicity method is not objective, and it should be clear which shared facilities should be shared by the owner, and the shared electricity should be obtained directly from the power supply bureau. The shared electricity should be: the total electricity of the community-the electricity purchased by the users-the electricity used in the profit-making area (the profit-making area needs to set up another electricity meter), and the shared electricity should be shared by the owner according to the area.

Price department: the shared electricity fee does not need to be reported, but can be publicized.

Owners can only coordinate if they don’t recognize it.

The property staff of Zhonghai Guanyuan said that the collection of the pool electricity fee was carried out in accordance with the Implementation Measures for the Management of Property Service Charges in Shaanxi Province and the Implementation Plan for the Renovation of One Household and One Meter in Xi ‘an Residential Quarter, which was issued by the Xi ‘an Municipal Government in 2013-47. They checked the calculation standard of the pool electricity fee with the price department, calculated it according to the standard and publicized it. Article 9 of DocumentNo. 2013-47 of Xi ‘an Municipal Government stipulates that the public electricity consumption of residential quarters includes two parts: the inside and outside of residential buildings, in which the inside part includes electricity consumption for public corridors, staircase lighting, access control, emergency indicator lights, etc. The outside part of the building includes: courtyard street lighting, landscape lighting and other electricity consumption. They are calculated according to this standard, and the calculated pool electricity price is more reasonable for the community. Moreover, this price has also been reported to the price department of Yanta District for filing.

In this regard, the reporter of Huashang Daily consulted the price department of Yanta District as the owner. The relevant staff said that in terms of property charges, property fees and parking fees are subject to government-guided prices, health fees are subject to government pricing, and other charges, including pool electricity fees, are subject to market adjustment prices and do not need to be reported, so the report said by the property is not true. The shared electricity fee is priced after property accounting, and the charging behavior must be publicized. As for how to calculate it, there is no relevant regulation. Recently, there are many complaints about shared electricity charges, and the charge of 0.202 yuan /m/ month is not high. If the owners don’t agree with this, the industry committee can come forward to negotiate, and the price department can only play a coordinating role.

On May 20th, the owner of the residential area said that the residential area has completed the transformation of electricity meters and can purchase electricity directly online. At present, it has not started to collect the pool electricity fee, and it is expected to start collecting it in June.

> > reporter survey

At present, there are various charging standards for shared electricity fees in residential areas.

How about the collection of shared electricity charges in various residential areas in Xi ‘an? The reporter of Huashang Daily conducted an investigation on this.

Mr. Liu, who lives in Xianning Bay Community in the east of the city, said that the shared electricity fee in the community is 30 yuan per household every month, and the electricity facilities and electricity consumption were not publicized.

Mr. Liang, who lives in the Jinshang Community of Fengcheng No.1 Road, said that the shared electricity fee in the community is charged according to the housing area, and the price is 0.18 yuan/square meter/month. The property has not publicized the electricity facilities and electricity consumption.

Ms. Chen, the owner who lives in Jindi Xiangyue Tianxia Community in South Third Ring Road, said that the community belongs to a newly-built community, and has been collecting public utilities at a price of 0.25 yuan /m/ month since she moved in, and has not publicized the electricity facilities and electricity consumption.

According to the reporter’s investigation, most of the residential areas that haven’t been renovated need to go to the property to purchase electricity, and the charging standard is mostly 0.6 yuan/kW h, which includes shared electricity charges, such as Dingxin Garden and Shirong Jiacheng in the north, Jianyuan Jiayuan and Xikan Residential Area in the south.

There are also some enterprises and institutions’ family homes that don’t charge pooled electricity fees. For example, Dongyuan Community of Xihang Company in the north of the city has just undergone the renovation of household meters. The owner, Ms. Wang, said that no pooled electricity fees were charged before or after the renovation, and the electricity fee has always been 0.49 yuan/kW h.

Ms. Cheng, the owner of Shirong Jiacheng Community, said that she had paid little attention to the water and electricity charges at home before, and learned that the electricity price of residents was 0.498 yuan/kW h, and the electricity price charged by the property including pool was 0.6 yuan/kW h. Ms. Cheng believed that the pool electricity used by the community every month was obviously fixed, so it could be shared directly with the owners, and should not be charged by raising the electricity price, so the property would obviously earn the difference. "Doesn’t this mean that the more household electricity I use, the more electricity I have to pay, and pool electricity has become a tool for property to make money."

Ms. Chen, the owner of Jindi Xiangyue Tianxia Community, believes that since the policy requires the property to publicize the public electricity consumption of the community, it is natural for the property to be collected according to the facts, and the property pricing should also be apportioned according to the actual amount. The authenticity of the electricity consumption announced by the property is very important. In fact, it is only necessary to measure the public electricity facilities separately. This is the simplest and most transparent way. If the property is not announced, the pool electricity fee will become a "confused account".

Power supply company: after the transformation of household meters, public electricity will be installed with separate meters.

Why is there a problem of different standards for shared electricity charges, and whether it is possible to realize a separate meter for public electricity consumption? In order to find out the collection of public electricity charges, the reporter from Huashang Daily interviewed the relevant staff of State Grid Xi ‘an Power Supply Company.

Wang Yang, the marketing specialist of State Grid Xi ‘an Power Supply Company, introduced that before the transformation of household meters, the power supply department installed a master meter in the residential area, while the property installed many sub-meters, including residential parts and public electricity consumption parts. The electricity fee is charged according to the total electricity meter of the community and the government’s catalogue electricity price, which is 0.4983 yuan/kW h for residents and 0.5109 yuan/kW h for public electricity. The property is charged to the owner according to the electricity quantity and price of the sub-meter, and the property collects the electricity fee, and the power supply department does not pay the handling fee for it. Due to the existence of pooled electricity charges, most properties are directly charged in the electricity price, including 0.6 yuan/kW h and 0.7 yuan/kW h, and the standards have not been uniform.

"This is also the reason for the transformation of the household table. The purpose is to skip the price increase of the property, read the meter to the household and charge the household." Wang Yang said that because the public electricity facilities in the residential area belong to all owners, the power supply department was only responsible for the power supply facilities outside the residential area before the household meter reform, and the power supply facilities in the residential area should be handed over to the power supply department first. In addition to replacing the electricity meter for the owner’s home, the power supply department also installed independent electricity meters for the public electricity facilities in the community. All public facilities such as elevators, public lighting, water pumps, heating, garages and so on are public electricity.

After the transformation of household meters, the electricity charge collected by the power supply department is divided into two parts. One is to sign an agreement with all residents to establish a contractual relationship and realize the charging to households. Then there is the public electricity consumption part. The power supply department lists households for public facilities, and the head of the household is generally a residential property. The power supply department and the property establish a contractual relationship and charge monthly according to the meter measurement. When charging, the power supply department will list the electricity consumption details for the property, pay the fee after the property is determined, and then the power department will issue an invoice for it.

At present, in all residential areas that have completed the renovation of household meters, public electricity facilities have been separately metered by hanging meters and charged with shared electricity fees.

Government documents: it is stipulated that the property should publicize the copy of the payment voucher of the pool electricity fee.

During the visit, the reporter from Huashang Daily found that the charging standard of residents’ living electricity fee in the public notice board of Xi ‘an property service and price collection and payment in the property office of Zhonghai Guanyuan Community is 0.6 yuan per kilowatt hour, including electricity price+loss sharing, and the charging basis is Shaanxi Price Management [2002] No.120 and Shaanxi Price Development [2011] No.169. The reporter found in the official website of the Provincial Price Bureau that a notice entitled "Shaanxi Provincial Price Bureau on Dredging the Contradictions of Electricity Prices in Our Province" (Shaanxi Price Shangfa [2016] No.57) stipulated that the "one household, one meter" residential users in our province directly copied by power supply enterprises implement the residential ladder electricity price, while the residential community users who have not implemented "one household, one meter" do not implement the residential ladder electricity price, and the residential community combined electricity price implements the catalogue electricity price in our province, which is shared within the community. The notice will be implemented as of June 1, 2016. "Notice of Shaanxi Provincial Price Bureau on further clarifying the issues related to the implementation of the same electricity price for urban and rural residents in Shaanxi Power Grid" (Shaanxi Price Management [2002] No.120) shall be abolished at the same time.

The Notice of Shaanxi Provincial Price Bureau on Clearing and Regulating the Charges of Power Grid and Switching Power Supply Link (Shaanxi Price Shangfa [2018] No.71) requires that for all end users with complete sub-meter devices and normal operation after switching power supply main meter, it is encouraged to implement shared facilities electricity consumption and loss electricity consumption through negotiation between switching power supply main body and end users, and solve them through rent, property fee and service fee. If the current difficulties are solved through the above-mentioned methods, the transfer power supply entity can temporarily share the electricity consumption of shared facilities and loss electricity according to the proportion of each meter electricity consumption of end users to the total meter electricity consumption (the upper limit is the difference between the total meter electricity consumption paid by the transfer power supply entity to the power grid enterprise and the sub-meter electricity consumption charged to all end users, excluding labor costs, repair costs, asset depreciation and other expenses other than the total meter electricity consumption), and the cost sharing standard should be listed separately and charged separately outside the prescribed electricity price. According to the implementation cycle of no more than one year at the longest, the main body of power transfer will publicize to all users a copy of the electricity fee voucher it paid to the power grid enterprise and the list of shared facilities electricity consumption and loss electricity consumption of all end users in the same period. If the sub-meter device behind the master meter is incomplete, the main body of the transfer power supply will negotiate with the end users to determine the specific electricity fee allocation method, and the results will be announced to all end users.

Housing management department: only responsible for supervising the quality of property services.

Price department: Shared electricity charges are not subject to government pricing.

It is understood that the Xi ‘an Municipal Government’s "Implementation Plan for the Renovation of One Household and One Meter in Xi ‘an Residential Quarter" issued in 2013 stipulates that after the renovation of the household meter, the power consumption of the public electricity in the residential quarter shall be shared by all the owners of the community according to the principle of "who benefits and who bears". Power supply enterprises should install independent meters to measure public electricity consumption in residential quarters, and can entrust property management service enterprises or self-management units in residential quarters to collect electricity charges and pay them to power supply enterprises according to the facts. Power supply enterprises shall pay a certain handling fee as appropriate, and the specific standards shall be agreed upon by both parties through consultation. Property management service enterprises should separately account for public electricity consumption, and regularly announce the collection and allocation to all owners.

Article 21 of the Implementation Measures for the Management of Property Service Charges in Shaanxi Province also stipulates that in the property management area, water supply, power supply, gas supply, heating, communication, cable TV and other units shall charge relevant fees to end users in accordance with state regulations. If the realty service enterprise accepts the entrustment to collect the above fees, it may charge the entrusting party a handling fee, and the specific standards shall be agreed upon by both parties through consultation. No additional fees such as handling fees shall be passed on to the owner. Public lighting, landscape facilities and other common water and electricity costs, property services companies should be measured separately, in strict accordance with the water and electricity price policy truthfully shared and published regularly.

Mr. He, the owner, said that since the power supply department has separately hung a watch for the public electricity facilities in the community, and the charges are detailed and bills, it is not difficult for the property to truthfully publicize the public electricity charges, but in fact, there are not many communities that have been publicized, even if the publicity is not based on the measurement of electricity meters, which makes people doubt whether there is any interest problem. If the property earns the price difference from it, is it arbitrary charges? Who will supervise it?

It is understood that the renovation of the household surface in Xi’ an was led by the Municipal Housing and Construction Bureau. Huashang Daily interviewed the relevant person in charge of the property management office of the bureau on this matter. The relevant person in charge of the property management office of the bureau said that the housing management department is only responsible for supervising the service quality of the property, and the charging problem should be supervised and managed by the price department.

Regarding the collection of pooled electricity charges, the person in charge said that the Regulations on Property Management promulgated by the State Council clearly stipulated that water supply, power supply, gas supply, heating, communication, cable TV and other units in the property management area should collect relevant fees from end users. The realty service enterprise shall not charge additional fees such as handling fees to the owners if it accepts the entrusted collection fees. As a matter of fact, most of the utilities in Xi ‘an were collected by property companies before the renovation of household meters, but only the property and power supply departments know how much the property has collected from the owners and actually paid to the power supply bureau. It is clearly stipulated in the renovation plan of household table that publicity is required. Since publicity is required, the price department should supervise the publicity content.

Article 25 of the Implementation Measures for the Management of Property Service Charges in Shaanxi Province stipulates that the price departments of local governments shall, jointly with the construction administrative departments at the same level, strengthen the supervision and inspection of the charging items, charging standards, service contents and service standards of property service enterprises. Property services companies that violate the laws, regulations and provisions on price shall be punished by the competent price department of the government in accordance with the Price Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Provisions on Administrative Penalties for Price Violations.

Regarding the problems raised by the owners, such as non-standard, little publicity and opaque publicity, the relevant person in charge of the price department in Xi ‘an said that the pooled electricity fee is not set by the government. According to the relevant documents of the Provincial Price Bureau and the Notice of the General Office of Xi ‘an Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan for the Renovation of One Meter in Xi ‘an Residential Quarter, after the renovation of the household meter, the electricity consumption of the public electricity in the residential quarter will be paid by all the owners of the residential quarter according to the principle of "who benefits and who bears". Property management service enterprises should separately account for public electricity consumption, and regularly announce the collection and allocation to all owners. If the owners have doubts about the publicity content of the property, they can organize industry committees to defend their rights.

> > expert opinion

Information transparency can resolve doubts.

Cao Rong, dean of the School of Public Administration of Northwest University, said that implementation in accordance with laws and regulations is the basis for establishing and improving a society ruled by law.

In response to this matter, Cao Rong believes that because the policy only stipulates the payment and apportionment of the public electricity fee, the content of the publicity is not particularly specific, and the parties have different understandings from their own perspectives, which leads to the owners’ disapproval of the content of the property publicity, which leads to conflicts and contradictions. This requires the relevant departments to make a more detailed regulation, which will be easier to implement and easier for owners to understand and accept. In the process of social governance, it is necessary to constantly improve and optimize relevant systems.

The price department said that the pool electricity fee does not belong to government pricing, and the market-regulated price needs to be resolved through consultation. Cao Rong believes that in the negotiation process, the transparency of information is very important. In this case, the less the property is made public, the stronger the owner’s doubts. Transparent and open information transmission is an important means to resolve the owner’s doubts. Written by Huashang Daily reporter Zhao Ruili

(The original title of this article: "Do not drop but increase! After the renovation of the household meter, the charges were questioned by the owners: Can Xi ‘an pool electricity charges be made public? 》）

Is New Year’s Eve New Year’s Eve?

New Year’s Eve is New Year’s Eve. Because New Year’s Eve often falls on the 29th or 30th day of the twelfth lunar month in the summer calendar, it is also called New Year’s Eve, which is one of the most important traditional festivals in China.

New Year’s Eve, also known as New Year’s Eve, New Year’s Eve, New Year’s Eve, New Year’s Eve, etc. It is the last night of the twelfth lunar month (December) every year. In addition, that is, the meaning of removal; Evening means night. New Year’s Eve is also a festival to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, to start all over again and to renew everything.

What activities are there on this day?

After a series of careful preparations at the end of the year, on this day, everyone lived a colorful life. The most common thing is that every family will get together and have a reunion dinner in jiaozi. Among many jiaozi, only a few with peanuts or other nuts are wrapped. Whoever eats such jiaozi indicates good luck and good luck in the new year. Then red lanterns are hung outside the house, and the whole family sit together to watch the Spring Festival Evening. When the midnight bell rings, firecrackers are set off, hoping that the coming year will be full of prosperity and good luck.

What food do you eat on this day?

Both the north and the south will choose to eat fish in this festival, which means "more than one year", so it is a necessary dish for New Year’s Eve. In the south, rice cakes are indispensable dishes, because there is a good color "Niangao", which has the meaning of making a fortune, rising step by step and being sweet, hoping for a complete and sweet life in the new year. The north is used to eating jiaozi, also known as "Jiaozi", which means "Jiaozi at the age of four". Moreover, jiaozi looks like an ingot, pinning its hopes for a rich income in the coming year. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the food on the New Year’s Eve is becoming more and more abundant. In addition to the common hot pot, people in some areas will specially prepare ten dishes, which stands for "perfection".

Cctv news(Reporter/Yang Wei): Dozens of "new works" are popular again with their voices every day, and the best singer of 2023 … … AI Stefanie is so popular all over the network.

The secret of AI Stefanie’s debut is to train and post-process her voice by technical means, and let AI cover other singers’ songs with Stefanie’s voice. The spirit-like voice with various styles of songs not only has no sense of disobedience, but also makes the songs more unique. At present, on the platform, the cover content such as "Hair as Snow" and "Rainy Day" has been played by millions.

But does such an AI cover work involve copyright issues? Wang Guohua, a partner lawyer of Beijing Zhongwen Law Firm, said that AI cover violated the singer’s voice rights. At the same time, presenting such works also needs the cooperation of songs, words and songs, which will involve the infringement of the copyright rights of songwriters.

"News+"reporter: Does the cover content of AI involve copyright issues?

Wang Guohua:The cover is the reproduction of the singer’s voice, which is actually highly similar to the original singer’s voice. This kind of cover itself will involve the imitation of the original voice and affect the corresponding rights enjoyed by the original singer. If it’s a simple cover, it doesn’t involve copyright, but the voice right in the personality right of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Civil Code.

Article 990 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that the right of personality is the right of life, body, health, name, name, portrait, reputation, honor and privacy enjoyed by civil subjects. In addition to the personality rights stipulated in the preceding paragraph, natural persons enjoy other personality rights and interests based on personal freedom and personal dignity. Article 1023 stipulates that the licensing of names, etc. shall refer to the relevant provisions on the licensing of applicable portraits. The protection of natural person’s voice shall refer to the relevant provisions on the protection of portrait right.

However, a complete AI cover work often needs corresponding songs, words and songs to cooperate. This situation will involve the copyright of words and music, including the player’s right to play with related instruments.

If you directly use these songs and lyrics to cover them without the consent of the songwriters, it will involve the infringement of the relevant copyright rights enjoyed by the songwriters, which is a copyright infringement.

"News+"reporter: If it is not for profit, does the AI cover work involve infringement?

Wang Guohua:Generally speaking, judging whether it constitutes an infringement is not based on the number of clicks or the so-called paid free. As long as there is a publishing behavior, the processed content may be known by unspecified people. In this case, it has the premise of bearing relevant legal responsibilities.

Therefore, whether it is for profit or not, it constitutes infringement.

"News+"reporter: Will making spoof videos through AI cover cause other rights and interests violations to singers?

Wang Guohua:Each singer has formed his own unique style, and his image has a certain solidification in the eyes of the audience. Making a spoof video may involve the singer’s reputation or derogatory reputation.

As for the extent to which it constitutes derogatory, it is a matter of different opinions. Legally speaking, it mainly depends on whether it reduces the reputation and social evaluation of others. If the content of the creation has a negative impact on the relevant audience or related social work, it can be said to be derogatory.

Therefore, if this form of spoofing a singer has reached a derogatory level, or has reached an insulting and defamatory level, it may involve reputation damage and infringe on the singer’s reputation right, and the infringer needs to bear corresponding civil responsibilities.

"News+"reporter: Is there any copyright in AI cover works?

Wang Guohua:Generally speaking, the cover itself is not a work based on human intellectual achievements. According to the provisions of Article 3 of the Copyright Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), works protected by China’s copyright law should be based on the intellectual achievements of people.

The works in which AI participates are often based on computer software codes and algorithms, and do not belong to the content that should be protected in the sense of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Copyright Law.

"News+"reporter: Let the dead singer "re-create" through AI cover. Will this appeal infringe on the rights and interests of the deceased?

Wang Guohua:Many netizens and fans are eager to hear the voice of the dead singer and also hope to hear the singer reproduce some songs. But in fact, the rights enjoyed by dead singers are no different from those enjoyed by ordinary people.

For them, the sound generated has formed a unique correspondence with himself. For example, when we hear this song, we must know who sang it, that is, the voice and the singer have formed a unique corresponding business relationship, which can naturally bring corresponding benefits to the singer.

For the average person, in the process of using the singer’s voice, we should respect the singer’s related rights to the voice. After the singer’s death, anyone who uses the singer’s voice to create related works needs to obtain the consent of the legal heir of the original singer. Without the consent of the relevant heirs, no one may adapt the original singer’s voice or make a commercial cover.

"News+"reporter: Can you really be excused by marking a disclaimer at the bottom of the work?

Wang Guohua:This exemption statement is only a unilateral statement, and legally speaking, this statement will not produce a real exemption. Because according to the relevant laws and regulations, the real exemption must be the case that the law clearly stipulates that there is no need to be responsible.

If the disclaimer is marked in the comment area or at the bottom of the video, and the behavior has constituted the corresponding infringement, even if there is a disclaimer, it cannot be exempted from the relevant responsibilities that should be borne.

"News+"reporter: If the singer agrees with this behavior, but asks for a high share, is it a reasonable behavior?

Wang Guohua:Legally speaking, this kind of behavior is not prohibited.

The singer can punish his voice accordingly. Within the scope permitted by law, including allowing others to cover and imitate, are the corresponding civil rights enjoyed by singers. This kind of civil right also means that singers are allowed to set their own prices in the market. Singers and organizers can agree on copyright fees through free negotiation between the two parties, and there is no limit on the amount, which is a market behavior.

　　As a music playing platform owned by Tik Tok, soda music is not only a place where you can dig up all kinds of popular songs at any time, but also a music square to meet all your listening needs! Do you know how to make the song list public for soda music? Let’s take a look at the detailed tutorial below.

　　1. Click on mine in the lower right corner.

　　2. Select the song list to be made public.

　　3. Click on the three points in the upper right corner.

　　4. Click Set as Public.

　　5. Click on the public song list.

　　That’s all about the introduction of the public setting method of soda music song list. Collect IT Encyclopedia and download more software and games!