Did you give out the year-end bonus?

　　Yesterday, the WeChat year-end award was searched hot.

　　Some netizens said that the year-end award of the first department of WeChat was 2 billion, with an average of 2.8 million per capita. Wechat gave employees a red envelope of 2888 yuan and an iPhone XS Max (512G), and the salary was raised four months in advance.

　　Subsequently, Tencent Zhang Jun denied the rumor, saying that 2.8 million per capita was impossible, but the year-end bonus did increase.

　　Source: 21st century business herald (ID: jjbd21; Li Zhen, Huang Ting), Sina Technology, Guangming.com, China News.com, Chuangyebang (ichuangyebang；; Rainbow Shaw), yuezhiyier (Yuezhiyier)

　　Some netizens exposed: the year-end award of a department of WeChat is 2 billion, with a per capita of 2.8 million!

　　According to Sina Science and Technology, on January 25th, a number of netizens posted a Weibo saying that the year-end bonus of WeChat was 2 billion, with an average of 2.8 million per capita.

　　According to sources, WeChat gave employees a red envelope of 2,888 yuan and an iPhone XS Max (512G), and the salary was raised four months in advance.

　　Netizens joked that "other people’s year-end award series" and "other people’s companies never let me down".

　　Tencent Zhang Jun rumors: wake up!

　　It is impossible to get a year-end bonus of 2.8 million per capita.

　　Soon after, Tencent’s public relations director Zhang Jun blamed:

　　"Today, my circle of friends is worrying about # WeChat Year-end Award #. The little friend immediately went to check the bank card, haha. But, don’t get excited. What I want to tell you is that it’s true that the year-end bonus has increased. I don’t know how much. It’s not time to pay it yet. 2.8 million per capita? That’s impossible, wake up! "

　　However, judging from Zhang Jun’s response, the year-end bonus of WeChat has indeed increased.

　　In fact, under normal circumstances, in order to motivate employees, many companies will issue year-end awards in various forms at the end of the year.

　　Year-end awards are distributed in different forms in different units. In addition to the "red envelope" in the general sense, some are stock dividends, some are "double pay", some are commissions, and some are bonuses.

　　However, this year, many people reported that the year-end bonus, which was originally opaque, "ran away without even a shadow!"

　　According to Zhaopin’s recruitment report, 55.17% of the white-collar workers who participated in the survey said they could get the year-end award, which was significantly lower than 66.1% in 2017. In 2018, the overall average of the national white-collar year-end awards was 7,100 yuan. Only 39.10% of white-collar workers’ year-end bonus income has increased, which is flat at 45.35% and decreased at 15.55%.

　　And some companies’ year-end awards make netizens envy and hate!

　　Let’s take a look together.

　　"Other people’s year-end awards"

　　At the evil moment of the annual year-end bonus, does someone else’s year-end bonus make you doubt your life again?

　　For example, on the 17th, Fangda Carbon (600516), a listed company, distributed 30,000 yuan red envelopes to all employees on the spot. At the same time, it is decided that two new employee welfare policies will be implemented, namely, "employees’ monthly basic salary will be increased by 50%" and "1000 yuan’s/monthly filial piety allowance".

　　On January 19th, in the factory area of Fangda Special Steel (600507) in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, more than 300 million yuan in cash was piled up into a "Qianshan" to distribute year-end awards to employees. The enterprise has more than 5,000 employees, each of whom can receive an average year-end award of 60,000 yuan.

　　According to reports, the company issued a year-end bonus of 30,000 yuan to each employee last year, which doubled this year. An employee at the scene said happily: "There are so many bonuses, I don’t know how to spend them."

　　The picture shows the "Golden Mountain" piled up by 300 million cash in Fangda Special Steel Factory.

　　Source/Zhongxin. com (photo by Wang Yuyang)

　　An employee sits on a "chair" piled with cash.

　　Source/Zhongxin. com (photo by Wang Yuyang)

　　The staff put the cash in bags and went to the workshops to distribute it.

　　Source/Zhongxin. com (photo by Wang Yuyang)

　　An employee received 60,000 yuan in cash.

　　Source/Zhongxin. com (photo by Wang Yuyang)

　　On January 8th, Dong Mingzhu, the chairman of Gree Electric (000651), announced a salary increase for employees. The total salary increase was less than 1 billion, and the average monthly salary increase for employees was about 1000 yuan. She said that employees in Gree Electric did not feel the trouble of economic downturn. "When employees are creating wealth, how can they still worry about their lives? How can they do their work well?" Through active enterprise independent measures, we will stabilize people’s hearts and convey the corporate values of sharing weal and woe to employees, so as to make better preparations for the development in 2019.

　　Image source/picture worm creativity

　　On January 16th, the biggest prize drawn at Sina’s annual meeting was 2000 shares of Sina. According to the current Sina share price of 59 dollars per share, 2000 shares are converted into RMB, totaling 797,600 yuan.

　　According to Entrepreneurial State, American e-cigarette company Juul Labs took out $2 billion as the year-end bonus, and each of the 1,500 employees could get an average of $1.3 million (equivalent to 8.95 million yuan). In fact, e-cigarettes from Juul Labs are very popular in the United States, with a gross profit of 75% and a market value of $38 billion.

　　And these wonderful year-end awards

　　Of course, some companies are more stingy, and the "wonderful" year-end award makes employees laugh and cry.

　　There are eggs, pork and oil full of "annual flavor";

　　There are also intimate warm-keeping items, such as towels, socks, clothes and quilts;

　　There are also benefits that make people laugh and cry, such as condoms, sanitary napkins and toilet paper.

　　In fact, the "wonderful" benefits issued by enterprises far exceed the imagination of ordinary people. Although white-collar workers are willing to laugh at themselves, their hearts are full of sadness and helplessness. As the year is approaching, corporate benefits should be more sincere and warm.

　　It is said that the year-end bonus of these companies has shrunk.

　　1. Didi: cancel the year-end bonus for senior executives and half the year-end bonus for employees.

　　Image source/picture worm creativity

　　It is understood that Didi’s 2017 year-end award is divided into ABC three files, with A level being 6 months’ salary, B level being 4 months’ salary and C level being 2 months’ salary. Some employees received a year-end award of 40,000 to 50,000 yuan in 2017.

　　In 2018, Didi has been in the water.

　　According to the financial data of Didi Chuxing, the loss in the first half of 2018 rapidly expanded to 4.04 billion yuan, 61% more than the loss of 2.5 billion yuan in 2017. In the first half of 2018, Didi’s gross profit margin was 1.6%, down 0.3% from 1.9% in 2017.

　　In the face of such cruel and cold data, in December 2018, Didi CEO Cheng Wei announced at the general meeting that the "reward" was halved, and the executives collectively did not take the year-end award.

　　2, ofo is heavily in debt, even wages are a problem.

　　Image source/picture worm creativity

　　Companies that fall into the same water as Didi, as well as ofo invested by Didi.

　　This year’s ofo has been reduced from 3,400 in the boom to about 400 now. Dai Wei is on the white list of "restricted consumption orders", so he can’t fly or take high-speed trains. Difficulties in cash withdrawal, layoffs, debts, etc. have become the main theme, not to mention the year-end bonus. ofo employees may not even know where the future is.

　　3. On the social platform, employees of JD.COM and Meituan have shrunk their year-end awards anonymously.

　　At the end of 2017, JD.COM said that in 2018, the year-end bonus for every employee should be doubled. However, in recent days, an employee of JD.COM anonymously posted a message on the Internet, saying that the company cancelled the two-month year-end bonus.

　　Some people posted on the internet that the worst performance of the US delegation in the year-end assessment is at least 10%, and the highest performance can reach 20%. These people’s year-end awards will be greatly reduced. There are also employees of Meituan who said that some colleagues have heard the news of the cancellation of the year-end award.

　　However, it remains to be verified how the year-end awards of these companies are distributed.

　　The year-end bonus reflects the pattern of a company.

　　Image source/picture worm creativity

　　Ma Yun once said that there are only two main reasons for employees to leave their jobs: not giving enough money and being wronged.

　　From the professional point of view of human resources, there are two considerations for enterprises to issue year-end awards: commending head employees, motivating waist employees and controlling turnover rate. To hold an annual meeting, one is to inherit the corporate culture, and the other is to enrich the welfare of employees. But at the same time, there are several main defects in the year-end award model:

　　1, basically can not meet the expectations of employees for annual income.

　　2. The motivation is very poor.

　　3. It belongs to the welfare cost of chicken ribs.

　　4. Because of the frequent unfair distribution, it brings a lot of internal friction.

　　5. One of the main reasons for employee turnover after the Spring Festival.

　　The year-end bonus may have some disadvantages, but it also has a great incentive effect on employees. At the same time, the year-end bonus also reflects the company’s welfare level, operating conditions and management philosophy. Whenever major companies give generous year-end awards, there are always netizens who comment that they want to work in these companies, which also plays the role of job advertisements.

　　Haidilao, which was successfully listed in 2018, broke through HK$ 100 billion in market value and became the fifth largest catering enterprise in the world. What is the success of Haidilao? Undoubtedly, it depends on service. Why can the service be so extreme? The secret is the words of founder Zhang Yong: "Talking about money is the best respect for employees."

　　Compared with products, funds and temporary profits, excellent, loyal employees who are willing to grow with the company are the greatest wealth of the enterprise. The time and material cost required to train such an employee, as well as the rich returns he may eventually bring to the enterprise, are not visible to short-sighted bosses.

　　Indeed, in this cold winter, it is not only the founder who is sad, but also his employees who have to work with the company to overcome the difficulties. If they are not fired, they will be awarded the year-end bonus.

　　According to the 2018 White-collar Year-end Award Survey Report, in 2017, nearly 60% of white-collar workers made it clear that the year-end award would affect their job-hopping decision. In 2018, less than 40% chose "yes", and the number of white-collar workers who chose "maybe" increased significantly.

　　In the tide of the internet, no one can judge what the next outlet is, and who will disappear silently. The huge year-end bonus once given to employees may be one of the highlights in their lives.

　　But don’t be discouraged. There is a saying in the movie "The Dark Hour": "There is no ultimate success or fatal failure. What matters is the courage to move on."

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: 21st century business herald. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

　　WeChat official account, the Ministry of Transport, reported on January 13th that recently, the special class of traffic control and transportation support of the comprehensive group of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Traffic Control and Transportation Support for COVID-19 Epidemic in Tianjin, and made every effort to do a good job in traffic control and transportation support for COVID-19 epidemic in Tianjin. The full text is as follows.

　　Notice of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism Comprehensive Group Traffic Control and Transportation Support Special Class on Doing a Good Job in Traffic Control and Transportation Support for COVID-19 Epidemic in Tianjin

　　In order to thoroughly implement the deployment of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council, and do a good job in the traffic control and transportation security of Tianjin in response to the COVID-19 epidemic, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　Scientifically and accurately implement traffic control

　　Decisively cut off foreign passenger service.

　　Tianjin transportation authorities should, according to the deployment requirements of local epidemic prevention and control leading institutions, suspend inter-provincial road passenger service and inter-provincial chartered car (including chartered car for commuting) filing business, suspend cross-city business of buses, taxis (including network car) and hitchhiking, and do a good job in releasing relevant information.

　　Strengthen the epidemic prevention management of urban passenger transport.

　　The competent department of transportation in Tianjin should adjust the organization plan of urban public transportation in a targeted manner, and take the methods of station rejection, detour and interval operation for urban public buses and trams passing through the closed area to effectively reduce the risk of epidemic spread. If the districts and counties where the medium-risk and high-risk areas are located adopt the closed management measures of the whole district (village) and unit, the daily service of urban passenger transport should be suspended in time; After the epidemic situation is effectively controlled and reported to the local joint prevention and control mechanism for approval, the urban passenger transport service will be resumed in an orderly manner.

　　Accurately guarantee the emergency travel of key personnel.

　　Tianjin transportation authorities should, according to the needs of epidemic prevention and control, do a good job in all preparations for the establishment of emergency transport convoys for key personnel, and prepare sufficient vehicles, drivers and passengers, and epidemic prevention materials. It is necessary to establish a communication and coordination mechanism with local health departments, accurately explore the travel needs of key groups such as medical staff, and scientifically formulate emergency transportation service guarantee schemes for key personnel and social emergency travel guarantee schemes. If Tianjin further adopts measures to suspend urban passenger transport in the whole region or some districts and counties, it is necessary to promote the establishment of a "point-to-point" contact and docking mechanism between emergency transport convoys and municipal departments, streets, communities, hospitals, etc., and implement 7×24-hour duty, so as to ensure the basic travel of urban operators and epidemic prevention workers and the emergency medical travel of the people.

　　Ensure smooth and efficient transportation of emergency materials.

　　Standardize the setting of epidemic inspection sites.

　　Tianjin and Beijing, Hebei and other neighboring provinces traffic control and transportation security classes (hereinafter referred to as traffic classes) should scientifically and reasonably set up inspection stations for highway epidemic prevention and control on expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways leaving Tianjin under the overall arrangement of the local joint prevention and control mechanism. In principle, only one inspection station should be set up in the same direction. It is strictly forbidden to set up inspection stations for epidemic prevention and control on the main lines of expressways and provincial boundaries without authorization, and highways, national and provincial trunk lines and rural roads should not be blocked or isolated without authorization. It is necessary to further standardize the work of highway epidemic prevention and control inspection sites, send cadres to participate in front-line inspections, optimize processes, and provide civilized services; For those who do not meet the prevailing conditions, we should do a good job in policy propaganda and interpretation and service guarantee, and resolutely prevent simplistic and one-size-fits-all measures to persuade them to return; It is necessary to study and formulate plans, do a good job of classified disposal in time, strengthen traffic guidance, and increase personnel, equipment and passages in time when the traffic volume is large, so as to improve inspection efficiency.

　　Do a good job in ensuring the passage of emergency materials transportation vehicles in and out of Beijing and Tianjin.

　　Tianjin Traffic Special Class shall, jointly with the departments of development and reform, industry and information technology, commerce, agriculture and rural areas, establish and improve the management system of transport vehicle pass for emergency materials (including medical prevention and control materials, fresh agricultural products, key production and living materials, energy materials, postal express and other key materials), and announce to the public the handling conditions and procedures of the Transport Vehicle Pass for Emergency Materials for Epidemic Prevention and Control in Tianjin (hereinafter referred to as the Pass). During the epidemic period, for the emergency materials transport vehicles from Tianjin, the local highway epidemic prevention and control inspection stations will ensure smooth passage under the conditions that the temperature of the drivers and passengers is normal, the negative certificate of nucleic acid detection within 48 hours, the health code and travel code are green, and the Pass is held. It is necessary to set up mobile nucleic acid detection points in places such as expressway service areas and "drivers’ homes" to provide convenience for truck drivers and other emergency materials transportation support personnel to carry out nucleic acid detection. It is necessary to guide container transportation enterprises to make good capacity reserves, smooth container transportation channels, reduce traffic congestion, give full play to the advantages of railway transportation, and effectively ensure the smooth collection and distribution of Tianjin Port; It is necessary to guide truck drivers to strictly carry out personal protection and health monitoring, reduce stopovers and personnel contact, and promote the implementation of closed-loop management of fixed personnel and fixed vehicles on qualified lines.

　　Traffic special classes in epidemic-affected areas such as Tianjin should be deployed in accordance with the local joint prevention and control mechanism, relying on existing logistics parks and freight stations to study and set up emergency materials transfer and transportation stations, set up temporary connection points in qualified expressway service areas, formulate and improve various plans such as dispatching operation, traffic organization, health and epidemic prevention, personnel training, improve loading and unloading facilities, connect vehicles and other facilities and equipment, start and put into operation in time according to the actual situation, and make an announcement to the public to provide convenience for cargo transfer.

　　Local traffic special classes should provide convenient access to transport vehicles and personnel holding Beijing emergency materials transport documents (certificates) issued by Beijing Economic and Information Bureau, urban management and other relevant departments, and effectively guarantee the supply of emergency materials in the capital region after taking epidemic prevention and control measures.

　　Effectively strengthen the prevention and control of epidemic situation in road transport industry

　　Strictly implement the epidemic prevention and control requirements.

　　Local transportation authorities should urge road passenger buses and chartered buses within their respective jurisdictions to strictly implement "point-to-point" transportation when passing through county-level administrative regions where high-risk and high-risk areas are located, and not to stop and get off passengers. Vehicles in epidemic-related areas such as Tianjin shall not be used to carry out overtime transportation during peak transportation hours such as Spring Festival travel rush. It is necessary to urge the relevant passenger transport operators to implement epidemic prevention and control measures such as disinfection and ventilation, temperature measurement and code inspection, wearing masks, personal protection, passenger information registration, epidemic prevention propaganda, etc. in the passenger transport stations and vehicles, so as to prevent the epidemic from spreading through transportation. Local traffic special classes should guide freight enterprises, logistics parks, freight stations and other business units, and urge drivers and passengers, freight station management personnel, loading and unloading management personnel, cleaning staff, etc. to strictly implement various epidemic prevention and control measures such as wearing masks, disinfecting and washing hands, and sterilizing transport equipment, increase the frequency of nucleic acid detection, and do a good job in personal protection and health monitoring.

　　Strict personal protection measures for key groups.

　　Local transportation authorities should urge the key personnel involved in the epidemic, such as close contacts, close contacts, entry personnel, etc., as well as the transport operators involved in the task of nucleic acid sampling and transshipment, strictly implement the requirements of physical isolation between the driving area and the passenger area of vehicles, equip the drivers and passengers with protective clothing, gloves, working caps, medical protective masks, protective screens or goggles, and promptly replace a full set of protective articles after transshipment, and strictly disinfect the vehicles. Road freight drivers should do a good job of personal protection, minimize the stay time and avoid cross-operation when loading and unloading transshipment goods at emergency materials transfer and transportation stations and highway service area connection points. It is necessary to draw the local joint prevention and control mechanism to fully guarantee the input of personnel protective equipment and disinfection materials needed for emergency transportation, strengthen the training of epidemic prevention and control operations for front-line road transport employees, and effectively reduce the risk of infection.

　　Effectively strengthen supervision and inspection.

　　Local transportation authorities should comprehensively strengthen the supervision and inspection of road transportation and urban traffic epidemic prevention and control, focus on real-name system management, health code inspection, boarding and disembarking passengers outside the station, inadequate disinfection and other short-board loopholes in epidemic prevention and control, conduct unannounced visits, urge enterprises to make reforms on the problems found, and compact the responsibility of enterprise epidemic prevention and control. It is necessary to strengthen the dynamic monitoring of operating vehicles, and severely deal with passenger cars suspected of illegally boarding and disembarking in epidemic-related areas and operating in different places according to laws and regulations. It is necessary to work with the public security departments to intensify the crackdown on illegal operations and other illegal business practices to prevent the spread of the epidemic through illegal operations.

　　Do a good job in ensuring the service of stranded freight vehicles in epidemic-related areas.

　　Traffic special classes at all levels in epidemic-related areas should, in accordance with the deployment of the local joint prevention and control mechanism, work with health and civil affairs departments to guide the service guarantee of stranded vehicle personnel in highway service areas, logistics parks and freight stations in epidemic-related areas, and provide basic services such as nucleic acid detection, catering and rest for stranded personnel; For truck drivers and other personnel who are allowed to leave the epidemic-related areas by the local joint prevention and control mechanism, they should be instructed to strictly carry out personal protection and health monitoring, reduce stopovers and avoid contact with other personnel. According to the deployment of the local joint prevention and control mechanism, the personnel information should be copied to the regional joint investigation and control special class for epidemic prevention and control in relevant areas in time, and included in the management scope of key personnel for epidemic prevention and control.

　　Strengthen 24-hour duty.

　　The State Council joint defense and joint control mechanism comprehensive group traffic special class office is on duty 24 hours a day. If there is any need to coordinate emergency transportation in Tianjin, it can be reported to the State Council joint defense and joint control mechanism comprehensive group traffic special class office at the first time. Emergency transportation support telephone number: 010-65292831.

　　Traffic classes in Tianjin, Beijing, Hebei and other places should be on duty 24 hours a day, announce 24-hour emergency transportation guarantee telephone numbers to the public, and coordinate and solve traffic and transportation guarantee problems in a timely manner. Tianjin emergency transportation support telephone: 022-24539362.

A few days ago, Li Guolin took a photo with Jia Ling when filming. They hugged each other closely and compared their hearts to the camera. The relationship was really good.

There is such an ironic scene in YOLO: Lei Jiayin invited Jia Ling to the outdoor activity site of the gym and found Li Guolin, a "Hong Kong superstar", performing on the stage. He dressed up as the model of Ku Mo-chi in "Eight Dragons" and sang a "Difficult Classic" (the theme song of "Eight Dragons") for everyone.

This scene presented by Li Guolin in the film reflects the current situation of the past Hong Kong stars. Most of them are now mainly engaged in acupuncture in the mainland. Although they are not so beautiful, they earn as much as when they were popular.

It’s very realistic to sing "A Difficult Classic" alone, because many actors from "Dragon’s Eight Branches" sang this song when they went to the cave, such as Fan Shaohuang, "Mu Rongfu" Zhang Guoqiang and Benny Chan.

In fact, Hong Kong stars usually don’t dress up as in the play when they go to the cave. Most of them wear formal clothes. At most, they broadcast some clips of them in the play on the background screen to awaken everyone’s feelings.

Old Hong Kong stars play classic roles, usually in variety shows. Felix Wong Yat Wa, Carman Lee, Benny Chan, Fan Shaohuang, He Meitian, Li Guolin, Rain, Pan Zhiwen, and Li Hongjie were all present when the actors of "Eight Dragons" reunited in "Ace to Ace" in 2019, and restored the style of the play together.

At that time, Li Guolin just showed up, reminiscing about the past together, and didn’t participate in the later game links. Li Guolin revealed that Jia Ling invited him to make a guest appearance in YOLO. It seems that it was this intersection that gave him this opportunity.

In fact, in the past two years, Li Guolin has played the role of Ku Mo Zhi, sometimes to record funny videos, sometimes in live broadcasts, and sometimes to shoot promotional videos for games.

It can be said that the role of Jiu Mozhi is still Li Guolin’s "source of wealth". In fact, many old Hong Kong stars are like this, only relying on one or two characters that the audience remembers, and they have no worries about food and clothing since then.

Of course, Li Guolin didn’t just play the acupuncture point in the play. Although he occasionally played a supporting role in TVB’s plays, he spent most of his time in mainland China, becoming a veritable "acupuncture point king".

Many old Hong Kong stars like to run commercial performances because it is easy and quick to get money. Take Li Guolin for example, he can still earn 50,000 yuan for running a race, just singing two or three songs, which is enough for many people to envy. Now the fire in YOLO, I’m afraid his appearance fee will go up a lot.

Before, Li Guolin also tried to bring goods by live broadcast, and even once sold sanitary napkins and safety pants. Although he was so free, his sales were bleak and attracted a lot of criticism, so he quickly terminated his business of carrying goods.

Although Li Guolin is so old, I think he is down and out. In fact, he has very strong financial resources.

Li Guolin has a villa near Qingshui Bay. Although it looks old and low in appearance, it is luxuriously decorated inside. Such a house in Hong Kong is beyond the reach of many people.

Li Guolin still has four famous cars at home, the cheapest one is 300,000 yuan, and the most expensive one is a limited edition sports car with a market price of 5 million yuan.

Li Guolin, who is 69 years old and still so rich, still works so hard. Is it more inspiring than YOLO?

CCTV News:Recently, whether the university campus should be open to the public has aroused extensive discussion. In order to promote knowledge sharing, many colleges and universities have recently changed into school forms and adopted more open and flexible management measures to facilitate public visits. Let’s watch together.　

This winter, many tourists came to Tsinghua University No.2 School Gate and Auditorium to take photos and punch in, feeling the heavy sense of history.

Visitor Wang Jiashuo, a student of Jintang Primary School in Dandong City, Liaoning Province:I came in by appointment. Simon came in and walked all the way to tsinghua campus. I feel that there are some historical details here.

Visiting tourist Zhao Sufang:My husband and I are alumni of Tsinghua, so it’s just a holiday to bring our children, so that they can feel the environment when we used to go to school and some changes now.

It is understood that since the summer vacation in 2023, Tsinghua University and Peking University have started to promote campus opening in an orderly manner, and they are open to the public during winter and summer vacations, weekends and holidays.

On the eve of New Year’s Day in 2024, both colleges and universities announced that they would further expand the scale of campus opening, and the time for receiving tourists into the school was one hour earlier than the previous morning and afternoon. Tsinghua University will also increase the number of people who can make an appointment to visit the public campus on weekends and holidays to more than 12,000 per day, which is about 50% higher than before, and will explore the opening of the campus on weekdays, so as to gradually keep the campus in a normal and open state.

This winter vacation, Tsinghua University has specially planned four excellent sightseeing routes and six red explanation routes, and organized more than 200 student volunteers to provide free explanation services. In addition, it also provides an appointment service for primary and secondary school students to visit the school.

Cheng Zhengyu, Deputy Secretary of Tsinghua University Youth League Committee:Now, the Tsinghua Art Museum and the Science Museum are also open to the public. Universities are actually people’s universities, and we are also an open university.

In Peking University, the reporter saw that some tourists learned about the scenery story of Peking University through the voice explanation in the "Visit Peking University" applet.

Visitors Wang Yueting, a student of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications:I feel that every building has its own history and every tree has its own story. I can feel the strong humanistic environment.

In order to better serve the needs of visitors, Peking University is independently developing a service platform for entering and leaving the school, which mainly serves all kinds of visitors to enter the school conveniently in various ways and conditions. With the coming of winter vacation, Peking University has also formulated the service guarantee measures of "study tour".

Wang Liya, Director of the General Office of Peking University Student Affairs Department:Fully tap the educational elements of the campus in history, culture, popular science, practice, etc., and each of our routes may be designed with at least eight to ten classic points.

It is reported that up to now, Peking University, Tsinghua University, China Renmin University, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Fudan University, Tongji University, Wuhan University and other universities have issued documents saying that social workers can enter the campus by making an appointment, registering to enter the school or directly swiping their ID cards.

Strengthening management to cope with passenger flow in colleges and universities with "scenic spots" on campus

The situation in schools is also different. How and to what extent is the university campus open? Colleges and universities need to comprehensively consider many factors such as school resource supply capacity and campus area. In recent years, some well-known universities have experienced a process of continuous adjustment and improvement in management in dealing with tourists’ visits, and accumulated some experience. Let’s go and see how they do it.

Sakura is a business card of Wuhan University. In the spring of March, punching in cherry blossoms in Wuda University has been a popular item for spring tourism on the Internet for many years.

In 2016, Wuhan University issued an announcement to cancel the fee-based ticket system for cherry blossom viewing season and implement online booking and free cherry blossom viewing. The number of people who make an appointment to enjoy cherry blossoms in school is also dynamically managed. In the first year of implementing the appointment system, that is, in 2016, the number of people who make an appointment to enjoy cherry blossoms in Wuhan University is limited to 10,000 on weekdays and 20,000 on weekends. By 2023, the number of people who have reserved cherry blossoms has increased to 15,000 on weekdays and 30,000 on weekends.

However, romantic cherry blossoms also bring "troubles" to the campus of Wuhan University. From March to April every year, on the way to class, there are many tourists on Sakura Avenue. Visitors visiting the teaching site will also interfere with teachers and students. The most disgusting thing is uncivilized flower viewing.

Since 2018, Wuhan University has added a "face recognition" system, and the official Weibo has also opened an "exposure platform for uncivilized behavior" to announce the capture of uncivilized behavior. During the cherry blossom period, Wu Da stipulated that beverage sales services should be provided at designated places and mobile toilets should be set up. At the same time, the teaching, scientific research, office buildings (halls, rooms, research institutes) and student dormitories in the school are refused to be visited by the public, and the student canteen does not provide public dining services.

Xiamen University, which also has a picturesque reputation, has also faced the trouble of "campus tour". As early as 2012, Xiamen University implemented a "travel restriction order", which did not allow tour groups to enter the campus. Most canteens did not accept tourists and no longer accepted cash consumption. Ordinary tourists had to register at the school gate before entering the school.

Since October 2018, Xiamen University has launched a visitor reservation system. Off-campus personnel need to make an appointment to visit the school in advance, and they can only enter the school after passing the identity documents and face recognition. Xiamen University also made it clear that the scheduled visit time is from 12:30 to 14:00 on weekdays, with no more than 1,000 people per day; No more than 5,000 people per day during winter and summer vacations and weekends; There are no more than 10000 people on national holidays every day.

Scholars say that universities are "scenic spots". In the face of this social governance problem, how to find the value consensus of all parties needs the common answer of the whole society.

Zheng Yaomin, Vice President of the Institute of Culture and Tourism Development, Beijing Technology and Business University:From the perspective of this kind of university with tourism attributes, we should think about several aspects, one is the carrying capacity of the environment, and whether the service supply of the school can keep up, and the third may be the impact on normal teaching. If the passenger flow exceeds the threshold, whether there will be some noise outside the classroom or whether the management cost will increase is also a factor that the school will consider.

Ministry of Education: Improve the Mechanism to Balance the Opening and Internal Management of University Campus

University is a symbol of culture and spirit. Open university visits can give full play to the educational function of universities, but they also need to be opened in an orderly and scientific manner within the scope of campus tolerance, and constantly improve the management level and openness level. On January 2nd, the Ministry of Education also gave a reply on the opening of university campus.

On January 2nd, official website, the Ministry of Education, gave a reply to the proposal No.04329 (Education No.428) of the First Session of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, on the proposal on practicing the important concept of people’s city, serving urban and regional development through campus opening, and strengthening the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.

In its reply, the Ministry of Education said that it is of positive significance for the university campus to be better open to the public, which is conducive to the university’s better integration into and service to society. The Ministry of Education will further study with relevant departments, establish and improve the prevention and control mechanism of campus security risks, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of colleges and universities according to law. At the same time, it will guide colleges and universities to improve relevant management systems, so as to achieve a balance between campus opening and internal management without affecting the normal order of schools and the study and life of teachers and students.

Let the university campus open better in benign interaction.

Rationality, openness and tolerance are important ideas of modern universities. We see that more and more colleges and universities are optimizing the openness of their campuses through refined management, and achieving a harmonious balance between the social service function of universities and teaching and scientific research work. In order to achieve better opening, universities also need the "two-way trip" of the public, and they should pay attention to civilization when entering the school, abide by the school regulations and maintain the order in the school. I believe that in this benign interaction, the university campus can better meet the legitimate needs of people outside the school to study and visit, and ensure that the teaching activities in the school are not affected.

With the changeable SUV features, the launch of iCAR 03 caught many people’s attention. Full of modeling, like a struggler roaming in the city, like a knight through the jungle, or an astronaut roaming in the stars, it can provide rich emotional value, like an ever-changing elf, and has a feeling of "little guardian".

ICAR 03 is in line with the pursuit of fashion and free creation pursued by contemporary young people. The market is gradually becoming younger, and most of the consumers are the younger generation. The fashionable design has already become the market trend, and this car stands out among many models with its unique "square box" shape. But just design can’t be a measure of the value of products. Let’s find out what the strength of iCAR 03 is under the coolness.

When it comes to iCAR 03, we have to mention its design. The headlights and LOGO all adopt the vertical LED light group design, which echoes each other, and the front looks a bit like the three letters "I". The front grille is designed with transverse dense vertical stripes, which is relatively novel in new energy vehicles. The waistline and roof lines are relatively straight, creating a tough off-road vehicle image. In addition, it is equipped with a hidden door handle, which not only increases the sense of science and technology of the whole vehicle, but also reduces wind resistance and improves energy efficiency.

ICAR 03 window adopts electronic paddle lifting design, which not only improves the convenience of operation, but also brings more advanced scientific and technological experience to drivers. In addition, the door adopts the electronic inner door opening mode, which makes it easier to get in and out of the vehicle. In the design of the console, iCAR 03 also shows its uniqueness. The console adopts a separate design, which is wide at the front and narrow at the back, showing a unique suspension effect. The console is equipped with interesting custom functions, such as the design of cold and warm cups, which can adjust the temperature of the cup holder according to the driver’s needs, which is both practical and intimate.

In order to meet the young consumers’ pursuit of outdoor camping, tide play and tide change, iCAR 03 is also equipped with many practical functions. For example, the car is equipped with a 50KG load-bearing luggage rack, which can easily carry all kinds of camping equipment. In addition, the vehicle also has 3.3kW, 220V external discharge function and 12V power supply in the trunk, which provides users with rich power consumption scenarios, which can meet the needs of users whether they are camping or refitting.

ICAR 03 is based on the i-MS multi-element Rubik’s Cube new energy architecture, with all-aluminum beams and an electronically controlled four-wheel drive system. It is expected to be equipped with intelligent adaptive electric four-wheel drive and single-motor rear-drive models equivalent to 2.5T power. Among them, the horsepower of single motor rear drive is 184Ps, and the maximum output power is 135kW. The total power of the motor is 205KW, and the total torque is 385N.m, with strong power performance. Equipped with front McPherson+rear H-arm independent suspension system and intelligent four-wheel drive system, it has various driving modes such as snow, sand and mud, which can realize millisecond response and drive more smoothly.

As a tidal box electric SUV, iCAR 03 has a good performance in hardware, driving, safety and intelligence. It is close to the consumption habits of young people. The main point is to build young people’s cars with hard-core technology from the perspective of young people. This car with cool attributes should be recognized by many young people who pursue fashion.

Reproducibility of heart model development. Image source: Sasha Mendjan and others

　　Sasha Mendjan, a biologist at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and his team used human pluripotent stem cells to cultivate a sesame-sized heart model, also known as the heart line. It can spontaneously organize and exhibit a hollow atrium without experimental support. Mendjan’s team activated all six known signal pathways involved in embryonic heart development in a specific order to induce stem cells to organize themselves.

　　As cells differentiate, they begin to form different layers-structures similar to the heart wall. After a week’s development, these organs self-organized into a 3D structure with a closed cavity, which almost reproduced the spontaneous growth trajectory of the human heart. In addition, the research team also found that the heart wall tissue can contract rhythmically and squeeze the liquid in the cavity.

　　The team also tested the response of heart organs to tissue damage. They used a cold steel bar to freeze some heart organs and killed many cells in this area. It was found that cardiac fibroblasts (a kind of cells responsible for wound healing) began to migrate to the injured area and produced protein to repair the injury. Related research was published in Cell on May 20th. This progress enabled scientists to create some of the most authentic heart organs so far, which made it possible for pharmaceutical companies to introduce more drugs into clinical trials.

On July 26th, local time, Russian Presidential Press Secretary peskov said that the Russian Ministry of Justice pushed to close the branch of Jewish Agency in Russia last week because it violated Russian laws and should not be "politicized".

The Jewish Affairs Bureau is an organization aimed at promoting overseas Jews to immigrate to Israel, and it has close ties with the Israeli government. At a time when the differences between Russia and Israel are widening due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the closure of the Jewish Affairs Bureau has caused concern about the direction of Russian-Israeli relations.

However, some Israeli officials pointed out that it is not good for Russia to damage Russia-Israel relations, and Israel should carefully handle Russia’s request to close the Jewish Affairs Bureau.

Claiming to violate privacy laws

According to Agence France-Presse and Israel’s Ha ‘aretz, a court in Moscow said on July 21 that the Russian Ministry of Justice asked the court to "dissolve" the Jewish Affairs Bureau with offices in several Russian cities for unknown legal reasons. According to Reuters and Ha ‘aretz, the court will hold a hearing on July 28th to decide the future of Jewish Affairs Bureau in Russia, and Russia is expected to submit more details to the court at that time.

According to the British "Guardian" reported on July 26, the Russian government accused the Jewish Affairs Bureau of violating the privacy law. Israel’s Jerusalem Post reported that the Russian government also sent warning letters to several Jewish organizations operating in Russia and funded by foreign countries last week. Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the Russian government has closed dozens of foreign-funded institutions and charitable organizations.

Peskov said that this incident should not be "politicized" or "affect the whole Russian-Israeli relationship".

According to Agence France-Presse, in response to peskov’s statement, a spokesman for Israeli Prime Minister Lapid said: "The relationship between Israel and Russia is based on a long history, regular communication and common interests." Israel also responded that the Jewish community is the core of Israel-Russia relations. If there are legal issues related to the activities of the Jewish Affairs Bureau in Russia, "Israel will, as always, be ready to participate in the dialogue."

Founded in 1929 and headquartered in Jerusalem, the Jewish Affairs Bureau is the largest Jewish non-profit organization in the world, which played a key role in helping Israel establish its state in 1948. In 1989, the Jewish Affairs Bureau began to operate in Russia. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, hundreds of thousands of Jews from all over the Soviet Union went to Israel to settle down. Of today’s 9.4 million Israeli population, more than 1 million have ties with the Soviet Union.

Russian-Israeli relations have not been smooth recently.

According to the Guardian, Israeli Prime Minister Lapid said on July 24th that Russia’s decision to close the Jewish Affairs Bureau would "seriously affect (bilateral) relations".

In response, Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zacharova responded in an interview with Russian state television on the 26 th that Israel "does it think that their actions and statements in recent months have not affected our relationship?" She also criticized Israel for being "totally unconstructive and most importantly biased" in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, "which is totally incomprehensible and strange to us".

Agence France-Presse quoted analysts as saying that Russia’s attempt to close the Jewish Affairs Bureau may be a warning to the Lapid government’s stance on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Although Israel is one of the few western countries that has not imposed sanctions on Russia and has not sold weapons to Ukraine, the Lapid government has adopted tougher language on Russia and Ukraine than its predecessor.

In April this year, it was reported that Russian troops "shot" civilians in Bucha and other places in Ukraine. Although Russia denied it, Lapid, then Israeli foreign minister, still accused Russia of committing war crimes.

In June, Pinchas Goldschmidt, the chief rabbi of Moscow (rabbi refers to the spiritual leader of Jews who is proficient in Tanah and Talmud and is responsible for presiding over Jewish religious ceremonies), was forced into exile in Israel because he refused to publicly support Russia’s "special military action" against Ukraine.

According to the Israel Times, on July 26th, Israel announced that it would expand its humanitarian aid to Ukraine, which would include financial support for non-governmental aid organizations operating in Ukraine for the first time.

On the same day, Israel also confirmed that when Israeli fighter planes attacked suspected Iranian targets in Syria in May this year, Russian troops fired at them, but they did not hit the target. However, Israel also believes that the fire incident is "unique".

In addition, Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov’s remarks in May that "Hitler is of Jewish descent" and "the most fanatical anti-Semitic elements are often Jews" also had an impact on Russian-Israeli relations, and Israel recalled its ambassador to Russia for this reason.

In addition, Russia’s request to close the Jewish Affairs Bureau may also have the consideration of alleviating the brain drain of high-skilled talents. According to Ha ‘aretz, after the conflict between Russia and Ukraine broke out, a large number of Jews from both countries returned to Israel.

Russia has a large number of Jewish communities. According to the data provided by the Jewish Affairs Bureau, tens of thousands of Russians have left their country since the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, most of them are highly educated and skilled personnel, and about 16,000 of them have come to Israel.

Israeli Immigration Minister Pnina Tamano-Shata told local Israeli television that according to the Law of Reunification, 600,000 Russians are eligible to immigrate to Israel. Since the closure of the Jewish Affairs Bureau in Russia, the number of applicants has increased.

Expert: You should not overreact.

In a report on July 25th, Washington post said that the request to close the Jewish Affairs Bureau made Russian-Israeli relations "highly tense".

However, Reuters reported that, despite their tough attitude towards Israel on issues related to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, both peskov and ZaHallova now seem to want to minimize the possible diplomatic impact of the closure of the Jewish Affairs Bureau.

According to Ha ‘aretz’s report on July 26th, Danny Yatom, the former head of the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad, also told the newspaper that Russia’s request to close the Jewish Affairs Bureau was "mainly rhetoric", and the damage to Russia-Israel relations was not good for Russia.

Yatom said that although Russian law requires organizations receiving foreign funding to register as "foreign agents", it has not been applied to the Jewish Affairs Bureau.

Yatom also pointed out that Putin deliberately created a "tense atmosphere" in Russia-Israel relations, which meant showing kindness to Iran. On July 20th, Putin visited Tehran and attended the trilateral summit with Iran and Turkey.

In view of the fact that Russia has not exerted other pressure on Israel except for its rhetoric, Yatom believes that Israel should not put pressure on Russia now.

According to another report in Reuters, Lapid instructed a group of Israeli legal experts to stand by, and once Russia agreed, they immediately flew to Moscow to coordinate and solve the dispute of the Jewish Affairs Bureau. Only as of the afternoon of July 26th, these people have not set out. According to this, Yatom believes: "There is still room for discussing diplomatic issues with the Russians." Israel should "stay in the diplomatic field."

On July 25th, several senior Israeli security experts and diplomats told Ha ‘aretz that Israel should act cautiously and take measured actions to solve the crisis. Yaakov Amidror, a former Israeli national security adviser, pointed out that Israel should not be "belligerent": "We must find a solution that will not lead to communication failure and disconnection between us and the Russians. If the situation worsens, Israel can decide to take effective measures, but we should take careful measures to avoid widening the gap between the two sides and worsening the situation. "

1905 movie network news　At present, the roadshow with the theme of "king of comedy, a fresh start" is under way, and Stephen Chow, with the leading actors of "New king of comedy", rushed to all parts of the country to meet the audience. On January 27th, starring Wang Baoqiang came to Taiyuan, Shanxi, and appeared in wanda plaza and Yuci Ocean Park in Taiyuan. The enthusiastic audience interacted with Baoqiang, participated in impromptu performances, and recreated the hilarious scene of a walk-on competition for posts. Finally, Wang Baoqiang led the audience to shout "Work hard and strive" in 2019.

　

Wang Baoqiang recalled the release of "New king of comedy" by sea lions, an animal guest of "Living in the North".

At the press conference, Wang Baoqiang not only shared her "star girl" style in "New king of comedy", but also shouted "Work hard" to the fans and friends who arrived at the scene. Bao Qiang said that after reading the story of New king of comedy, people with dreams can see hope. Even though the protagonist’s struggle process is very hard, they will be able to "wait until dawn" with persistent belief.

Later, in Ocean Park, Baoqiang shared his "drifting north" life with the audience. Even though he lived in a simple and humid basement and even had eczema on his waist, he never gave up his dream of being an actor and tried to seize every opportunity to struggle. Facing the sea lion, an animal guest in Ocean Park, Wang Baoqiang expressed great surprise. The sea lion actor even returned to the stage for the third time to cheer for New king of comedy, which is the most "hard-working" actor on the scene. Wang Baoqiang took the initiative to thank the animal guest and took a cordial photo with the sea lion. After the performance of the sea lion, the climax of the activity was ushered in. Two mermaid performers sent eye-catching blessings to "New king of comedy", and the audience all took out their mobile phones to record this short and beautiful moment.

The joy that Wang Baoqiang brought to Taiyuan’s friends does not stop there. In the atrium of wanda plaza, Taiyuan, enthusiastic fans who participated in the event recreated the walk-on improvisation of king of comedy, and the scene was very hilarious. Dedicated fans across from Wang Baoqiang still insist that "mass actors are also actors", and the audience’s eyes are discerning, so they must let go of themselves and perform with true feelings. Wang Baoqiang also sent a "New king of comedy" red envelope to every devoted audience, wishing everyone more gains in the new year. Then in Yuci Ocean Park, Taiyuan, Baoqiang gave the audience a small surprise gift from New king of comedy.

　

Twenty years after Stephen Chow’s classic, a new chapter in king of comedy begins with a "new".

For Stephen Chow’s films, what the audience miss most is his early unadorned pure comedy elements and his precise control of digging up the joys and sorrows of small people. As a classic comedy that influenced countless people, king of comedy ushered in a new chapter after 20 years.

The script has been polished for three years, focusing on the little people again. This time, the elements of Stephen Chow have returned in an all-round way. Stephen Chow said that he actually needed time. The New king of comedy is not only a simple movie, but also very important and meaningful to him. Wang Baoqiang also admitted frankly in Taiyuan that the spirit of "New king of comedy" is actually reflecting the little people who live seriously and strive for it. The audience can often see the true, confident, serious and even serious spirit in the little people. When I was a walk-on myself, I still tried to pursue my dreams in the face of difficulties. Just like the heroine in the trailer, what I need most may be a voice telling myself, "He works hard and he will succeed."

The whole "newness" of New king of comedy is that Yin Tianchou worked hard for a long time 20 years ago, but at the end he still lost the chance to play the leading role. And 20 years later, the life of the actors in "New king of comedy" will not be a walk-on forever. It can be said that 20 years ago, the audience did not see the "dawn" with Yin Tianchou, but 20 years later, everyone should see that it was really beautiful after dawn.

At present, the pre-sale of movies has been fully opened, and "New king of comedy" will be fully released on the first day of 2019.

Original new biography reading society new biography reading society

This is the "Guide to the Core Literature of Social Media Research"

001 articles

Starting today, we hope to do an interesting and important thing: to sort out the core literature of social media research and try to draw an academic map for this field.

Today, the 001st paper of this project is pushed, and it is also the most cited paper in social media research: Social Website: Definition, History and Academic Map.

Boyd, D.M., & Ellison, N.B. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer ‐ Mediated Communication, 13 (1), 210-230. (Cited: 18601)

The question we want to answer is:

★ In this paper, how do Boyd and Ellision define social networking sites?

★ What does this definition inspire the research of social networking sites?

★ What amendments have been made to this definition in the follow-up study?

Of course, in addition to reading, if you are interested in this plan and want to "blend in" together, please read the project plan at the end of the push and contact us.

In the history of social networking sites, 2007 is worth remembering. At the end of this year, Read/WriteWeb, a well-known Internet technology review blog, decided to award the IT company of the year award to Facebook, not Google. The reason is that Facebook broke the closed system of traditional social networking sites and allowed users to obtain plug-ins from third-party companies in the site. In other words, since then, Facebook has raised its "connection" potential to a new level and become an open co-writing space.

In 2007, beyond the commercial horizon, social networking sites, as academic research objects, also ushered in its landmark works, and the key word was still "connection". If we look back in 2007, a lot of academic research on social networking sites has been accumulated in the field of humanities and social sciences, but the dialogue between them is still incomplete and needs to be integrated urgently. Therefore, the Journal of Computer Aided Communication (JCMC) published a special issue on social networking sites in 2007, and invited two scholars, danah boyd and Nicole Ellison, to write an opening article. In this opening article, two scholars discussed the definition, history and academic map of social networking sites. Among them, their definition of social networking sites has been widely cited by subsequent studies and has become a classic work in the field of social networking sites.

Here we need to briefly explain from three levels why "definition" is important for social networking sites. First, the definition represents the boundary of research. Tampering with raymond carver’s words means what we are talking about when we are talking about social networking sites. Second, the definition focuses on the research field of vision. In our definition, we distinguish social networking sites from other types of websites, and the difference is likely to be the focus of follow-up research. Third, the evolution of definition also reflects the changes of technology. Social networking sites are essentially evolving with technological updates. In the following, we will focus on the definition of social networking sites in this paper and the revision of this definition in subsequent research.

In boyd and Ellison’s review, as of 2007, social networking sites have experienced three stages of development. Sixdegree.com, established in 1997, is regarded as the starting point of social networking site. However, perhaps because it was too ahead of the times, the site announced that it would stop operating in 2001. 2003 witnessed the second stage of the development of social networking sites. Many social networking sites have mushroomed and gradually become mainstream. One of the representative websites is MySpace, which we are familiar with. Then, in the third stage, the appearance of Facebook expanded the influence of social networking sites to a global scale. So, can we sort out a common clue for these different social networking sites? What are the similarities between them, which can be summarized under the same noun?

In this paper, the two authors define social networking sites as follows:

"We define social networking sites as an Internet-based service. It allows individuals (1) to establish a public or semi-public personal homepage in a closed system; (2) establish a connection with other users and present a list of contacts on the personal homepage; And (3) viewing and shuttling through the list of connections established by oneself and others in the system. The nature and naming of these links may vary from website to website. "

Next, we will briefly interpret these three characteristics:

1. Home page

The first keyword in the definition of social networking sites is the home page. Personal homepage is the pillar of social media and the basic unit and node of social networking sites, which is one of the most important differences between social networking sites, instant messaging tools and BBS. According to boyd and Ellison, the magic of personal homepage is that it allows users to "type themselves into being". For example, users need to fill in a series of questions on their personal homepage, such as head portrait, age, residence, interests, and a series of "about me" information. This process is self-sketching. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand why the research on self-construction and impression management in social networking sites has been launched since the 1990s and has become one of the core concepts of the research.

Step 2 connect

The second keyword in the definition of social networking sites is connection. The author thinks that the uniqueness of social networking sites is not that they allow individuals to meet strangers, but that they allow users to show their social networks. This is another important difference between social networking sites and instant messaging tools. What excites researchers is that this relationship has different names in different social media-Weibo calls it "fans", Twitter calls it "followers" and Facebook calls it "friends". So, what is the relationship between people in social networking sites? More interestingly, when social networking sites use the title "friend", how will the meaning of the word "friend" change quietly?

Step 3 shuttle

The third keyword in the definition of social networking sites is traverse. This word has at least two dimensions. First, people can shuttle through their friends lists and check their friends’ messages at any time, so they can establish their own relationship network; Secondly, people can often check who their friends have. Recall that when Sixdegree.com used the metaphor of "six dimensions" in naming, he actually expressed the value of the second layer of shuttle. Similarly, one of the visions of Tinder, a dating software, is to firmly believe that people with common friends are more likely to become friends. If we continue along this line of thought, we will surely meet Caroline Haythornthwaite’s classic research on "latent ties" in 2005. Of course, from another perspective, when you are shuttling with other people’s homepages, you are also being shuttled by others. This also explains why privacy and visibility will become an important clue in the research of social networking sites.

Since its publication, the paper I introduced to you has been cited by tens of thousands of follow-up studies, most of which focus on its definition of social networking sites. However, if we stand in today’s coordinates and look back at this definition more than ten years ago, we may feel some old traces of the times. With the evolution of technology, have these three keywords changed? After all, definition can only be responsible for defining "being", but not for predicting "becoming".

In 2013, boyd and Ellison joined forces again to update the three characteristics of this definition, which are briefly described as follows for your reference:

(1) The importance of personal homepage has been greatly reduced, and social networking sites have changed from homepage-oriented socialization to behavior-oriented socialization. Even if the homepage still exists, it is no longer a static self-description, but a dynamic combination of different types of status updates.

(2) Friend list no longer only describes the circle of friends of users, but more importantly, it shows a social graph of users through algorithms.

(3) Social networking sites provide more possibilities for shuttle. Users used to only use social networking sites to establish and maintain their own relationship circle, so shuttle is closed in nature. With the continuous introduction of new functions, this closeness has been constantly broken. For example, hashtags allow people to jump out of their circle of friends and meet strangers at a more public level.

Accordingly, boyd and Ellison also gave a new definition of social networking site:

Social networking site is a networked communication platform, in which participants (1) have a unique and identifiable personal homepage, which includes the content provided by users themselves, the content provided by other users, and the data content at the system level (2) can publicly display their social relationships and be browsed and shuttled by others (3) can consume, produce and/or interact with the content stream provided by contacts in the site.

This change in technology and culture can also be reflected in the purport of researchers, such as algorithms and privacy, tag community and other research topics have gradually emerged and highlighted. Of course, even if the definitions provided by boyd and Ellison are updated, it has been seven years since this article was written. What changes have taken place in the characteristics of social networking sites? What surprises can these changes provide for our research and thinking?

From this point of view, American scholar Jeff Pooley is right, and communication research is destined to be a humble undertaking, because the continuous updating and iteration of technology will make us push a stone up the mountain like Sisyphus in Greek mythology, and then see it roll back again and again until forever.

Note: It should be noted that the two authors used "Social Network Site" instead of Social Media. If we make a diachronic analysis of the researcher’s choice of "wording", we will find the characteristics of the times. Between 2003 and 2008, the word "social networking site" was used twice as much as "social media" in research papers. However, from 2009 to 2014, this relationship was reversed, and social media has largely replaced the term "social networking site". Social media is the result of the continuous expansion of technology developers. Compared with social networking sites, it has a wider extension, or social networking sites have now condescended to become a subset of social media. See McCay-Peet & Quan-Haase, 2017.

Next, it is an advertisement. ……

Our Social Media Research Core Literature Reading Guide Program

Officially began to recruit participants.

1. What do we hope to do: We hope to systematically sort out the English core papers and latest research on social media research and draw an "academic map" in this research field.

Second, how do we want to do this? We will connect a clue for these studies on the basis of understanding them through reading guidance and discussion.

Third, what principles will we choose the literature according to:

(1) The most frequently discussed questions and keywords in the top English journals.

(2) The core topics contained in the Handbook published by 2)Sage, Oxford and other institutions in the fields of Internet and social media.

(3) Based on the categories of the first two, the core original works that are most worth reading are selected.

4. What is the value of this matter? We will jointly understand the approach of social media research and introduce the latest international research progress in a crowdsourcing form.

5. How do we accomplish this? We will recruit master students and doctoral students who are interested in social media and have a good English level to read and discuss together, and in the process, we will gain an academic map of our own.

6. What documents will we read specifically: In addition to the classic papers pushed in this issue, the following examples give ten examples, hoping to give you a general idea of what research we are paying attention to.

1. The Extended Self of the Digital World

Belk, R. W. (2013). Extended self in adigital world. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(3), 477-500.

2. The Benefits of Facebook Friends: Social Capital and the Use of Social Networking Sites for College Students.

Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and collegestudents’ use of online social network sites. Journal of computer-mediatedcommunication, 12(4), 1143-1168.

3. "Everyone knows your (online) name: online games as a" third place ""

Steinkuehler, C. A., & Williams, D.(2006). Where everybody knows your (screen) name: Online games as “thirdplaces”. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 11(4), 885-909.

4. "Digital Native (Young) Residents (Young) People (Children): the Difference of Internet Skills and Use of the Internet Generation"

Hargittai, E. (2010). Digital na (t) ives? Variation in internet skills and uses among members of the “netgeneration”. Sociological inquiry, 80(1), 92-113.

5. "Want to be at the top? The pow of algorithms and that threat of invisibility in face book.

Bucher, T. (2012). Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook. New media& society, 14(7), 1164-1180.

6. "What’s in the smile? How do people with disabilities participate in politics through selfies and emotions?

Yadlin-Segal, A. (2019). What’s in a smile? Politicizing disability through selfies and affect. Journal ofComputer-Mediated Communication, 24(1), 36-50.

7. "You Never Know Who’s Watching": Imaginary Monitoring in Social Media Platform.

Duffy, B. E., & Chan, N. K. (2019). “Younever really know who’s looking”: Imagined surveillance across social mediaplatforms. New Media & Society, 21(1), 119-138.

8. The Echo Room is Overrated: Political Interest and the Moderating Effect of Multi-media.

Dubois, E., & Blank, G. (2018). The echochamber is overstated: the moderating effect of political interest and diversemedia. Information, Communication & Society, 21(5), 729-745.

9. From Participatory Culture to Participatory Fatigue: Public Issues.

Porlezza C. From participatory culture toparticipatory fatigue: The problem with the public. Social Media + Society,2019, 5(3): 2056305119856684.

10. "Roaming Method: A Path to Research APP"

Light, B., Burgess, J.,& Duguay, S. (2018). The walkthrough method: An approach to the study ofapps. New media & society, 20(3), 881-900.

Original title: "What are we talking about when we talk about social networking sites? 》

Read the original text

　　Figure ①: Schematic diagram of the layout of quadrangles in Hekou Village.

　　Wu kuijun’s drawing

　　Figure ②: An exquisite brick sculpture in Hekou Village.

　　Photo by Yang Jintao (People’s Vision)

　　Figure ③: Schematic diagram of Hekou ancient town.

　　Photo courtesy of Gansu Xirong Cultural Tourism Development Co., Ltd.

　　Figure ④: Villagers in Hekou Village take a nap and chat in front of the door.

　　Photo by Xu Yingqiang (People’s Vision)

　　Figure ⑤: Bell and Drum Tower Sleeping Bridge in Hekou Village.

　　Photo by Yang Jintao (People’s Vision)

　　Figure ⑥: Hekou Village "Golden Shore of Shili Yellow River".

　　Photo by Yang Jintao (People’s Vision)

　　Hekou Village, Xigu District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province is located at the intersection of Zhuanglang River and Yellow River, a tributary of the Yellow River. Thanks to its superior geographical location, it was once an important ferry in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, with developed water transport and merchants gathering.

　　Hekou village has a regular layout and heavy accumulation. The quadrangle with "three halls, five mansions and three inverted seats, with two small rooms in the wing" embodies the regional characteristics of the northwest residential buildings, and the complicated and exquisite brick and wood carvings are impressive. Nowadays, the historical and cultural blocks restored with Hekou Village as the core not only provide poetic habitation for tourists, but also revitalize the ancient villages. Hekou Village was selected into the first list of traditional Chinese villages in 2012.

　　Starting from the center of Lanzhou, across the Hekou Bridge, the mountains are getting higher and the water is getting wider, and an ancient folk house hidden between mountains and rivers is Hekou Village. Overlooking from a height, the Lotus Mountain surrounding the village is undulating. In the distance, the colorful Danxia scenic spot is set off like an oil painting by the blue sky; Nearby, the rushing Yellow River water came from Bapan Gorge across the mountains and mountains, and went eastward along the river in the south of the village.

　　Thanks to its superior geographical location, Hekou Village was once an important ferry in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, with developed water transport and merchants gathering.

　　Time flies, things change. Estuary has already weakened the function of "ferry" and ushered in a new identity — — Hekou ancient town, which is a historical and cultural block restored with Hekou village as the core. Here, people can not only watch the Ming and Qing architecture with rich regional characteristics, but also stroll along the banks of the Yellow River, read the history of the ancient ferry, and enjoy the quiet, leisurely and desirable poetic dwelling.

　　Four streets and seventeen lanes have a long charm.

　　An area of Hekou Village, about 1000 meters long and nearly 500 meters wide, includes the main traditional buildings in the village. Although the area is small, the planning is extremely neat: four main streets in the southeast and northwest are centered on the Bell and Drum Tower and extend in different directions; On the four main streets, there are also 17 lanes with different lengths. This area was named "Four Streets and Seventeen Alleys".

　　The bell and drum tower, the center of "Four Streets and Seventeen Alleys", faces east and west, and is divided into upper and lower floors. It is an attic building with four corners and a roof. Standing on the bell and drum tower, you can see the whole Hekou village from all directions. The houses with wooden doorways stand opposite each other, the streets paved with bluestone slabs meander and stretch, the gauze lanterns hanging on the streets sway with the wind, and groups of tourists stroll in the streets.

　　Facing the Yellow River, backed by mountains, controlling Hexi … … The superior geographical location has made Hekou village a transportation hub very early. For more than 2,000 years, there have been estuaries in the history of Huo Qubing’s Western Expedition and Zuo Zongtang’s Pacification of Northwest China. Talking about the origin of the estuary, the old people in the village can be summarized as "originated from the Han Dynasty, developed in the Ming Dynasty and prospered in the Qing Dynasty". By the beginning of the last century, the agriculture, handicraft industry and transportation industry in Hekou were quite large, and it became a major business town in Lanzhou.

　　With the prosperity of commerce and trade, the face of Hekou village has also changed. Since the mid-Qing Dynasty, Hekou has built a large-scale rammed earth city and built a four-door tower.

　　Nowadays, walking in the village seems to be a shuttle in history: 300 years of grain shops, 200 years of ancestral temples and more than 100 years of Zuo Gongliu pass by in turn; It seems to be relaxing in the garden: every household in Hekou village plants flowers and grass in front of and behind the house, and even in autumn, it is still fragrant and green; It’s also like wandering in the flavor market: attractive specialty snacks are sold on the street, with sweet and sour gluten on the pulp surface, potato balls that have been beaten for thousands of times, and oil jugs with flax fragrance … … "When it comes to holidays, shop owners are as busy as a bee." Zhang Wei, deputy director of the property office of Hekou Grand Scenic Area, said.

　　Old houses in Ming and Qing Dynasties are antique and fragrant.

　　The excitement in Hekou village usually happens after 3 pm. Villagers who have taken a nap have left their homes, and old people gather in the square, or play chess or chat; Children hold toys and play with each other. Foreigners who come here often choose to pedal a four-wheeled sightseeing bus to start a "shopping" trip.

　　The main street of Hekou Village is dominated by old-fashioned shops, and the shops along the street are mostly in the pattern of front shops and back houses. The typical style of the back house is quadrangle.

　　Pushing the door into a family, Zhang Mingyou, the head of the household, greeted him warmly. The quadrangle in front of us covers an area of more than 500 square meters and has a history of nearly 200 years. It has lived in the Zhang family for 13 generations.

　　In the north is the upper house, which is inhabited by elders, also called the main room or the main room; On both sides of the main room are the wing rooms, which are used for cooking and stacking sundries; The east and west sides are wing rooms, which are inhabited by the younger generation; To the south is the lower hall, which is a three-room eaves house; Open a street gate next to the next hall as the exit of the courtyard. Wu Kuijun, a technician of Gansu Classical Construction Group Co., Ltd., introduced that the local layout of this courtyard was summarized as "three halls, five buildings and three inverted seats, with two small rooms in the wing". "Here ‘ Three ’ ‘ V ’ All refer to the number of rooms. " Wu Kuijun introduced that in addition to the street gate, all four doors of this quadrangle are open in the direction of the courtyard, which is beautiful and practical, taking into account privacy.

　　The roof is a feature of the local quadrangles. After careful observation, it is found that the roof of Zhang Ming’s home is a single slope with a gentle slope. "This kind of roof is quite common in northwest provinces such as Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, which is mainly related to less precipitation and relative lack of wood." Meng Xiangwu, an associate professor in the Department of Architecture, School of Design and Art, Lanzhou University of Technology, introduced. Different from South China and Central China, the amount of tiles used in local traditional houses is less, and the roofs are mostly paved with square bricks, and only a small amount of drip tiles are used at the eaves to prevent the walls from being splashed by rain. Due to the gentle slope of the roof and the square brick paving, the single slope roof also undertakes the function of drying grain.

　　Hekou Village is also amazed by the complicated brick and wood carvings, from the entrance of the house to the wall, from the hall to the wing, from the foot of the wall to the eaves, from the door leaf to the window, there are exquisite patterns everywhere: carved dragons, blooming petals, and so on. "As a living folk art, brick and wood carving is an important witness in the history of the development of Hekou architecture, which reflects the exquisite skills and creative enthusiasm of craftsmen." Wu Kuijun said.

　　At present, there are 21 ancient dwellings in Hekou Village that are still inhabited by Zhang Ming. In order to protect these "solidified history", in 2014, Xigu District of Lanzhou City started the protective restoration and construction project of historical and cultural blocks, and successively invested 250 million yuan to transform the wall facades of 115 residential houses along the street in Hekou Village and 313 residential houses in the core area, and protectively repaired 37 ancient residential houses.

　　In the past, the Yellow River crossing became famous today.

　　Hekou village is built by the river and prospers because of the river. The Yellow River is the soul of the estuary.

　　Go down the steps along the south street and cross the south gate, and you can see the wide Yellow River. Flocks of waterfowl fly freely against the water, and reeds born near the water shake with the wind. On the shore, an east-west wooden trail stretching for about 5 kilometers lies in front of us. It is called "Golden Shore of Shili Yellow River" by local people, and there are historical sites such as Gudu District and Gucun District along the way.

　　Coming to the hydrophilic platform, the river breeze blows gently. Looking into the distance along the direction of Zhang Wei’s finger, a river bend came into view. "That’s the best berth for the ancient crossing at the estuary ‘ Yangchangwanzi ’ It was an important cargo distribution center in the northwest at that time. " Zhang Wei said that at that time, people’s daily necessities, such as coal, wood, Chinese medicine, grain, oil residue and hemp stalks, could be bought in the dock market. More than 60% of the residents in Hekou are engaged in water transport, and the main source of income is to rely on waterway terminals. There are more than 200 sheepskin rafts in Gudu, Hekou.

　　Xigu District Folk Museum located in Hekou Village shows the production technology of sheepskin raft. This ancient Yellow River watercraft is made of goatskin, which is soaked in oil and salt, dried and blown into skins. A larger raft needs more than 600 skins and can carry 20 tons of goods. Small rafts are made up of more than a dozen skins, which can be driven by one person, so they are light and flexible.

　　After the founding of New China, the local water transport was gradually replaced by the "Tiegongji", Hekou Village lost its position as a transportation hub, and the sheepskin raft also withdrew from the historical stage. However, from the restored customs site, we can see the busyness of the ferry in the past.

　　Hekou Village, which thrives on water, is now starting a "water article" again around the Yellow River culture: protecting the ecological environment on both sides of the Yellow River, developing water rafting projects on the Yellow River, and creating an immersive performance of "Memory Pangu" & HELIP; … In recent years, relying on the construction of beautiful countryside, Hekou Village has encouraged villagers to open farmhouses, serve tourist bowls and eat ecological meals. Many villagers have transformed their yards into "river view rooms" to attract tourists to stay.

　　The 59-year-old Zhang Hegong named the farmhouse "Good as Water" and used his painting skills to dress up the yard like a painting: bamboo, goldfish, ancient trees and safflower. Here, visitors can not only view the scenery, but also see the strange stones of the Yellow River, enjoy fine paintings and calligraphy, play with the root carving of Thuja, or sit in the yard reading, writing, chatting and drinking tea, and spend a rare leisure time. At present, Hekou Village has opened more than 60 farmhouses, with 1/5 residents in the core area participating.

　　The first batch of traditional villages in China, famous historical and cultural villages in China and the fourth batch of beautiful and livable villages in China … … In recent years, there are more and more business cards of "national prefix" in Hekou village, and the names are getting louder and louder. The ancient village is full of vitality again, and the ferry in the past reappears the hustle and bustle of the past. Last year, the number of tourists in Hekou Village exceeded 2 million. "Next, we will increase the protection of traditional culture, promote the upgrading of village facilities, and strive to build the estuary into a model for rural revitalization." Zhang Wei said.

　　■ Tips

　　Hekou village is suitable for tourism all year round, and relatively speaking, it is best when the flowers are warm in spring or the autumn wind is cool.

　　When you arrive at Hekou Village, you can visit the Folk Museum first to learn about the history of the ancient village. After that, visit the ancient village landmarks such as Bell and Drum Tower, Zhanggong Temple and Zixiang Chess House along the main street. In the evening, you can go to the "Golden Shore of Shili Yellow River" to find a farmhouse near the river, blow the river wind, have a rest and have tea, and then order some special foods such as firewood chicken, fish wrapped in paper, oil pot noise and potato stir-ups, so as to enjoy a slow life.