Adhering to integrity and innovation is an important "password" for scientific theory to keep its vitality forever. In the new era, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people regard "upholding integrity and innovation" as a scientific method to promote theoretical innovation, which opens up a new realm of the modernization of Marxism in China. Culture is the soul of a country and a nation, and it is the field that needs to be upright and innovative most. The cultural thought of the supreme leader is the theoretical achievement of innovation and development in keeping integrity, which embodies the spiritual characteristics of keeping integrity and innovation. Under the guidance of the supreme leader’s cultural thought, our party and people have strengthened their cultural self-confidence and made historic achievements in promoting cultural construction. Focusing on the new cultural mission of the new era, we must persist in recognizing ourselves by being upright, be firm in our direction, grasp the present and meet the future with innovation, and strive to contribute to the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

　　The cultural thought of the supreme leader is a great achievement of keeping integrity and innovation.

　　 　A history of the modernization of Marxism in China is the history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people promoting the new development of Marxism in the process of innovation. Marxism is not only a scientific theory, but also a developing and open theory. In the extraordinary course of more than a hundred years, our Party has repeatedly stressed that the basic principles of Marxism must be observed, and at the same time, it has to "write new works and form new theories" to promote the continuous development of Marxism as a sacred duty and constantly write a new chapter in the modernization of Marxism in China. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our Party has put forward and adhered to the fundamental approach of "two combinations", enriched and developed Marxism with brand-new ideological content, founded Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in a new era, and achieved a new leap in the modernization of Marxism in China. As the cultural chapter of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, the Supreme Leader’s cultural thought is an important theoretical achievement of upholding integrity and innovation.

　　 　"Keeping the right" means sticking to the truth and the right path. The "correctness" of the supreme leader’s cultural thought is embodied in his persistent adherence to Marxist cultural theory and socialist cultural direction. This thought always adheres to the Marxist cultural ideal and value pursuit, insists on observing and thinking about cultural issues with historical materialism, and clearly opposes historical nihilism and cultural nihilism; Efforts should be made to consolidate the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field and adhere to the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s cultural leadership and the fundamental direction of socialist cultural development. The "integrity" of the supreme leader’s cultural thought is also reflected in the conscious inheritance of Chinese excellent traditional culture. This thought puts forward and adheres to the fundamental requirements of "two combinations", summarizes and refines the outstanding characteristics and cultural essence of Chinese civilization, and emphasizes the consolidation of the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation in consolidating the foundation, cultivating the source and dredging the flow, which has laid a solid cultural foundation for the development and progress of contemporary China and polished the distinctive cultural characteristics of Chinese civilization’s exchanges with the world.

　　 　"Innovation" means the courage to explore and open up new horizons. The "innovation" of the supreme leader’s cultural thought is embodied in his creative revelation of the law of socialist cultural construction and his innovative guidance of contemporary China’s cultural development practice. This thought keenly grasps the new development of the times and the new changes of the world situation and national conditions, and puts forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints and new conclusions around major theoretical and practical issues in the field of cultural construction, such as theoretical armed forces, public opinion propaganda, ideological and moral construction, cultural literature and art, network construction and management, and foreign propaganda work, which has enabled our party to reach a new height in its understanding of the laws of cultural construction in Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　 　"Correctness" and "innovation" complement each other and are dialectical unity. The cultural thoughts of the Supreme Leader not only adhere to the "ancestors", but also speak a lot of "new words". On the basis of the present, they integrate history and focus on the future, condensing the essence of Chinese culture and China spirit, and have made original contributions to enriching and developing Marxist cultural theory and inheriting and developing Chinese excellent traditional culture.

　　The spirit of integrity and innovation runs through the cultural thought of the supreme leader.

　　 　At the symposium on cultural inheritance and development, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized three aspects on how to continue to promote cultural prosperity, build a cultural power and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new starting point, namely, strengthening cultural self-confidence, upholding openness and tolerance, and persisting in integrity and innovation. Here, upholding integrity and innovation is not only one of them, but also the foothold of the three. To shoulder the new cultural mission in the new era is, in the final analysis, to create new glory of socialist culture in the process of integrity and innovation. It can be said that keeping integrity and innovation is not only the spiritual background of the formation and establishment of a series of original achievements in the cultural thought of the supreme leader, but also the spiritual characteristics that run through all aspects of the cultural thought of the supreme leader.

　　 　The spirit of keeping integrity and innovation is embodied in the clear emphasis on cultural mission. The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a political party with a strong sense of cultural mission, and has always made unremitting efforts to build a new culture of the Chinese nation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has repeatedly stressed the need to shoulder new cultural missions and create new glories of socialist culture. At the symposium on cultural inheritance and development, the Supreme Leader further pointed out that "the best inheritance of history is to create a new history, and the greatest respect for human civilization is to create a new form of human civilization". "It is our new cultural mission to continue to promote cultural prosperity, build a cultural power and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new starting point." The spirit of being upright and innovative is embedded in the cultural mission we are shouldering: the culture we are committed to today is a new organic and unified cultural life formed by the combination of Marxist scientific theory and Chinese excellent traditional culture genes, and the cultural power and modern civilization of the Chinese nation we are committed to building are the continuation of ancient culture and civilization and the creative transformation and innovative development of excellent traditions. "Although Zhou was an old state, his life was reformed." Only by upholding the spirit of integrity and innovation can we deeply understand and consciously shoulder this new cultural mission and promote the rejuvenation of Chinese culture and civilization.

　　 　The spirit of keeping upright and innovating is embodied in the perseverance of the cultural road. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "It is the only way to open up and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics on the profound foundation of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years, and to combine the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture." Cultural construction is an important part of the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s career, and "two combinations" is also the only way to build a socialist cultural power and create a new glory of Chinese culture. The fundamental path of "two combinations" itself clearly embodies the characteristics and requirements of being upright and innovative. "Combination" has laid a solid foundation for our way forward and given Socialism with Chinese characteristics a broader and far-reaching historical depth for its cultural development. "Combination" also gives us a cultural space for innovation, which enables us to master the ideological and cultural initiative, make full use of the valuable resources of Chinese excellent traditional culture and explore future-oriented cultural innovation.

　　 　The spirit of keeping upright and innovating is embodied in the repeated exposition of cultural spirit. The spirit of integrity and innovation is an essential spiritual trait to support and lead a cultural system to move forward and flourish, and it is also an important content repeatedly mentioned and emphasized by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader when discussing cultural spiritual issues. Looking back at history, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly revealed the spirit of integrity and innovation contained in Chinese culture and civilization, emphasizing that "the Chinese nation is a nation of integrity and innovation" and that "Chinese civilization has the cultural subjectivity and vigorous vitality of self-development, responding to challenges and creating new opportunities"; Chinese civilization has outstanding innovation, which "fundamentally determines the enterprising spirit of the Chinese nation to be upright and not conservative, to respect the ancient and not to go back to the ancient". Based on the present and looking forward to the future, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attaches great importance to the cultivation and promotion of the spirit of upholding integrity and innovation, emphasizing that "when I propose upholding integrity and innovation, I mean that I will not take the old road of being closed and rigid, nor will I take the evil road of changing my flag". "Cultural workers in the new era must continue the historical context and write contemporary Chinese chapters with the righteousness and spirit of upholding integrity and innovation". These important conclusions profoundly reveal the internal causes of Chinese culture and civilization from the perspective of keeping integrity and innovation, and provide important guidance for the cultivation and promotion of cultural spirit in the new era.

　　 　The spirit of keeping upright and innovating is embodied in the practical requirements for all fronts in the cultural field. The cultural thought of the supreme leader is a systematic and complete scientific system. Adhering to integrity and innovation is not only an important thinking method of the supreme leader’s cultural thought, but also an important working method. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "for cultural construction, being upright can keep you from losing yourself and your direction, and innovation can keep you abreast of the times and lead the times", highlighting the significance of persisting in being upright and innovative. When the Supreme Leader General Secretary led the work in specific fields of cultural construction, he repeatedly emphasized the principles and requirements of upholding integrity and innovation. For example, he emphasized that propaganda and ideological work in the new era should "persist in striving for progress while maintaining integrity and innovation", and hoped that literary and art workers would "grasp the relationship between inheritance and innovation, learn from the past and break the law, so as to make Chinese excellent traditional culture an important source of literary and artistic innovation" and exhorted cultural industry practitioners to "firmly grasp the correct orientation, persist in upholding integrity and innovation, and ensure the cultural industry. It can be said that the spirit of integrity and innovation runs through all aspects of the party’s deployment and promotion of propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era.

　　Being upright and innovating is a distinctive feature of cultural construction practice in the new era.

　　 　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "The theoretical leap is not reflected in the originality of words and expressions, nor in the self-consistency and self-proof of logic. In the final analysis, it should be reflected in answering practical questions and leading the development of practice." As an important theoretical achievement of upholding integrity and innovation, the supreme leader’s cultural thought integrates the spiritual characteristics of upholding integrity and innovation into all aspects of cultural practice in guiding the cultural development in the new era, leading to a breakthrough in promoting the construction of a cultural power.

　　 　Stick to the soul of Marxism and write a new chapter in ideological work in the process of radical reform. Ideology determines the nature and direction of culture, which concerns the future and destiny of the party and the country. At the same time, China’s ideological field is facing new situation requirements, and it is necessary to focus on strengthening the cohesion and leading force of socialist ideology in the process of maintaining integrity and innovation. In practice, our party has established and adhered to the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological field, insisted on promoting the modernization of Marxism in China with "two combinations", and promoted the party’s innovative theory in the new era with rich and diverse forms, paths and methods. Firmly defend the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s cultural leadership, fully implement the ideological work responsibility system, promote the construction and innovation of communication means, improve the communication power, guidance, influence and credibility of news and public opinion, and keep the Internet as the main position, main battlefield and forefront of ideological struggle to create a clear cyberspace; Promote the construction of discipline system, academic system and discourse system of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics, adhere to the problem orientation, respond to the call of the times, and accelerate the construction of China’s independent knowledge system. In the unremitting efforts to break through simultaneously, stir up turmoil and promote the Qing Dynasty, the ideological situation in China has undergone an overall and fundamental change, and the cohesion and centripetal force of the whole society have been greatly improved, effectively consolidating the common ideological foundation of the United struggle of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country.

　　 　Adhere to the roots of Chinese excellent traditional culture and create new glory of Chinese culture in the process of bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people have taken a strong historical responsibility to vigorously carry out the inheritance and development project of Chinese excellent traditional culture, deepen the project of exploring the source of Chinese civilization, make full use of the new technologies and means brought by the development of modern science and technology to protect the roots of civilization, and strive to revitalize the strong vitality of Chinese excellent traditional culture; Carry forward the spiritual pedigree of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people with the great spirit of party building as the source, carry out the study and education of party history and the "four histories", innovate and carry out commemorative activities, commend national feats, and continue the red gene and red blood; Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, guide literary and art workers to vividly reflect the changes of the times, the progress of China and the call of the people, promote the all-round development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, carry out the project of benefiting the people through culture, and strive to meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the people. The series of measures focus on linking Chinese excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture, promoting the prosperity and development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture in the new era, promoting the widespread promotion of socialist core values in the whole society, significantly enhancing the cultural self-confidence of the whole party and the people of the whole country, and condensing more active spiritual strength for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　 　Adhere to the right path of human civilization development and show the new image of Chinese civilization in exchanges and mutual learning. The era background of the accelerated evolution and deep interaction of the "two overall situations" puts forward higher requirements for us to do a good job in cultural exchange and mutual learning of civilizations in the process of defending integrity and innovation. Our party is committed to seeking great harmony for the world, conforming to the general trend of the evolution of human civilization, based on the practice of Chinese modernization, adhering to the position of Chinese culture, proposing and practicing the concept of a community of human destiny, proposing global civilization initiatives, carrying forward the common values of all mankind, and dedicating its achievements in cultural innovation and creation to the world; Accelerate the construction of China discourse and China narrative system, speed up the construction of international communication ability, tell the story of China to the world and spread the voice of China; We will expand ways for civilized exchanges and mutual learning, strengthen international cultural exchanges with the help of public products such as the Belt and Road Initiative, and hold sports and cultural events such as the Winter Olympics and the Asian Games to provide a broad stage for world cultural exchanges and mutual learning. At present, China’s national cultural soft power and Chinese cultural influence have been significantly improved. China’s wisdom, China’s ideas and China’s spirit have been widely spread in the world, which have been understood, respected and shared by more and more people and made important contributions to the development and progress of human civilization.

　　Being upright and innovating is the fundamental law to create a new culture worthy of our new era.

　　 　Under the background of the accelerated evolution and deep interaction of the "two overall situations", cultural construction is facing new situations and new tasks. We must earnestly enhance our ideological recognition and action consciousness of leading the practice of cultural construction in the new era and new journey with the cultural thought of the supreme leader, take on new cultural missions with the integrity and spirit of being upright and innovative, and promote the cultural construction work to constantly show new weather and new actions.

　　 　The first is to explore cultural practice with the spirit of integrity and innovation. All human social life is practical in essence. It is the foundation and premise to realize cultural prosperity and development to develop cultural practice in keeping integrity and innovation. On the basis of profoundly grasping the essential law of cultural change and adhering to the correct direction of cultural development, we should further carry forward the enterprising spirit of pioneering and innovation and the fearless character of bravely accepting new things, focus on deepening the reform of cultural system in practice, constantly explore new ways, models and methods of cultural practice, and continuously enhance cultural cohesion, enhance cultural creativity and expand cultural radiation. The great creation of the people is an inexhaustible source of cultural innovation. To develop cultural practice in innovation, we must always adhere to the principle of "walking with the people in the same direction", firmly base ourselves on the people’s vivid production and life practices, vigorously tap the wisdom and strength contained in the broad masses of people, respect the people’s initiative, and fully stimulate the people’s cultural creativity.

　　 　The second is to cultivate cultural products with the spirit of integrity and innovation. Whether you can produce and create excellent cultural works is an important yardstick to test the cultural creativity of a country and a nation. Cultural masterpieces must be deeply rooted in the rich heritage of national culture. Without keeping the "righteousness" of historical context and losing national characteristics, it is impossible to produce cultural masterpieces that directly reach people’s hearts. At the same time, the cultivation of high-quality works should closely follow the tide of the times, and it is impossible to reflect the "change" of the development of the times with new content and new forms, and it is impossible to form vivid and vivid cultural products. As cultural workers in the new era, we should strengthen our historical and cultural self-confidence, persist in making the past serve the present and bring forth the new, make full use of new technologies and new means to stimulate creative inspiration, enrich cultural connotations, express thoughts and feelings, strive for perfection and innovation, and strive to form excellent works worthy of the nation and the times, so that the cultural tree rooted in historical context and bathed in brilliance in the era will blossom brilliantly.

　　 　The third is to develop cultural theory with the spirit of integrity and innovation. Theory originates from practice and actively reacts to practice, blossoming and bearing fruit in close interaction with practice, and constantly blooming new vitality. The cultural thought of the supreme leader is an open, scientific and systematic ideological system, which will be enriched and developed with the gradual deepening of practice. We should strengthen the research and interpretation of the supreme leader’s cultural thought based on the practice of contemporary China’s cultural construction, deeply grasp its core essence, spiritual essence, rich connotation and practical requirements, and profoundly expound the generating logic and internal relationship of the principled theoretical achievements in this thought. "Marxism does not exclude all truth, no matter when and where it comes from, as long as it is truth, it can be used as a nutrient to enrich and develop itself." Enriching and developing cultural theory in the innovation of upholding integrity also requires us to face the world and the future, learn from others’ wisdom and make dialectical choices in the "sum of human knowledge" under the premise of firmly adhering to the "upholding integrity" of "two combinations", so as to promote the continuous enrichment and development of China-oriented and modernized Marxist cultural theory.

　　 　(Author: Shen Zhuanghai Liu Shuijing, both professors of Marxism College of Wuhan University)

　　"China Space Station will surpass Mir Space Station in terms of functions, application benefits, construction technology, material replenishment and other important indicators, reaching or approaching the level of the International Space Station; We will surpass the level of the International Space Station in terms of information technology, energy technology, power technology and operational cost-effectiveness. " Academician Zhou Jianping, the chief designer of China’s manned spaceflight project, revealed at the 4th Chinese Project Summit Forum.

　　At the same time, Shanguang Chen, chairman of the forum, pointed out: "With the support of the Human Factors Engineering Section, China Space Station will definitely provide a warm space home for China astronauts and world astronauts, and make original achievements in Chinese."

　　Although human factors engineering is a strange scientific field to the public, four human factors engineering conferences have been held, each time releasing heavy signals and memorable news.

　　People are full of infinite imagination about the coming year of 2020 — — The space station era is coming, and the space year is coming!

　　Do astronauts drink their own urine in the sky?

　　Regenerative life support system is a sign of long-term residence.

　　"Urine may be a waste on the ground, but it is a resource in the sky." Wu Zhiqiang, deputy chief designer of the space station system, said a lot of advanced terms before. When he said this sentence, laymen were shocked — — Do astronauts drink their own urine in the sky?

　　The ancients said "not dirty and unclean". With the development of science and technology, it seems that the time has come to subvert our "three views".

　　Since Shenzhou 5 Yang Liwei went to heaven, China entered the era of manned space flight, supported by the first generation of life support system. Later, every time Shenzhou went to heaven, it would go to a higher level in terms of human security. By the last Shenzhou XI, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong spent 33 days cruising in space, showing their fashionable life of drinking tea and keeping fit in space to the people of the whole country.

　　Next, China enters the space station stage. What’s the difference?

　　Astronauts will stay in the space station for up to 180 days! As in previous times, it’s no good just bringing food, drink and oxygen. Although we have supporting cargo ship support, the cost of launching once is too high, and the life support system must be upgraded — — Physical and chemical regeneration life support system came into being.

　　"Machines should serve people." This sentence that Shanguang Chen often emphasized is believed to be our common belief, but in fact, with the continuous progress of technology, human beings have become more and more dependent on and worshipped machines, and gradually forgot their original intentions.

　　There is no denying that the man who created the machine is really great, and so is the machine. For example, Chang ‘e-1 to Chang ‘e-4 are exploring the moon for Chinese now, and next year’s Mars rover will help us to find out where the imagination of many generations has been entrusted. Machines have been opening up territory for us.

　　But machines can never replace people. People are uncertain, at the same time, people are irreplaceable factors. When people face new things and complex problems in person, their emotions, communicative thinking and comprehensive decision-making ability are beyond the reach of machines, which is the greatest driving force for science.

　　The summit forum on human factors engineering has been held for four years in a row. In four different cities, a large number of old academicians, old scientists, generals, lieutenant generals, chief engineers, deputy chief engineers and male and female astronauts are gathered every time. Recently, Wang Jian and Mao Ming, new academicians under great fame, have attended many meetings.

　　Why do so many famous scientists and designers of big countries attach so much importance to human factors engineering?

　　Perhaps, as China Space Station opens its doors to astronauts and scientists all over the world, human factors engineering will also be unveiled and truly understood by the public. The original research results produced by space research will serve our lives more and more.

　　With the construction of the space station, how to run the materialized regenerative life support system for long-term space flight reliably and efficiently has become the best example to explain human factors engineering.

　　Regenerative life support is a key sign system for astronauts from short-term flight to long-term in-orbit stay.

　　This environmental control and life support system not only collects and transforms people’s sweat and urine in the system, but also aims at establishing people’s living environment to ensure people to work efficiently and comfortably. In other words, the creative design practice of this system is all around people, serving people to eat, drink, sleep and work in a closed spacecraft.

　　"Regenerative life insurance technology is very complicated and is called a worldwide problem. It can be seen from the development process in the United States and Russia that the technology is very difficult and the investment is very large. " Wu Zhiqiang introduced that the development cost of a water treatment system on the US space station was 200 million US dollars. The International Space Station has been built for more than 10 years, and the regenerative life support system really only took five or six years.

　　Why are the United States and Russia so willing to invest money in this system?

　　Because according to their calculations, it costs 40,000-50,000 dollars to transport 1 kg of material to the orbit of the International Space Station, and 1 g of water is basically equivalent to the value of gold. "Of course, this is just water, and it also needs containers for water. Together, the economic cost is even greater." However, people generally need more than two kilograms of water a day, which is enough for three to six astronauts to spend six months to more than one year. It can be said that they are constantly burning money.

　　The International Space Station has spent more than 100 billion dollars. It is a challenge for China to make the design and management of the space station better and realize the pursuit of science and technology at less cost. Only by doing this can we be a sustainable development way.

　　This is the task of Wu Zhiqiang. Chinese has always had a big brain.

　　When astronauts are studied as the core of system engineering, they become very close to ordinary people. Everyone excretes 1.6 kilograms of urine and 1.7 kilograms of sweat a day, and there is water in the stool. Recycling water is the foundation. In addition, water contains oxygen, which can also be obtained by water electrolysis. In addition, the amount of carbon dioxide produced by people in breathing is 1 kg per day. These wastes should be returned to their respective places, recycled in different treatment systems, and finally converted into available resources in the space capsule. In the future, the cargo spacecraft can carry a basic amount, and the cost is greatly reduced.

　　"Reclaimed water, in a sense, is a kind of water produced in orbit. It is extracted from waste. In order to ensure people’s life and health, it must strictly meet medical requirements. " Popular science in Wu Zhiqiang has given the public a fact that if we want to travel around space, we also need to reuse the urine of the converted cabin personnel.

　　It must be said that when human beings look at the vast space, they deeply feel that it is extremely vast and has no boundaries. When human beings look at themselves, simply eating, drinking and sleeping is actually an extremely precise and borderless field. However, the study of ourselves determines how far we can go if we leave the land under our feet.

　　"This system has the most manned characteristics, and it is also an important symbol to distinguish manned spacecraft from unmanned spacecraft." Wu Zhiqiang’s task is ordinary in words, but it is a multi-system interdisciplinary subject in practice.

　　It can be seen that the parents of this body are naturally enjoying their own bodies, but they don’t realize that this is the greatest machine and there is endless room for exploration.

　　This system, which was previously hidden behind the spacecraft, is coming into people’s field of vision when astronauts are about to stay in space for a long time and are planning to go to the moon and Mars.

　　However, what if such precious recycling equipment breaks down in case it is used? This involves a typical human factor problem — — On-orbit maintenance of space equipment.

　　Even maintenance is also human.

　　The life of the space station is not only built, but also repaired.

　　"After the completion of the China Space Station, we will use the operation of astronauts and the cooperation of mechanical arms to transfer the solar wing to this position to improve the working efficiency of solar wing batteries. This is a very complicated on-orbit operation. If China astronauts do this, I think we will reach the same level of extravehicular operation as the International Space Station. " Zhou Jianping pointed out the design of China Space Station and explained it to everyone.

　　In the weightless environment, astronauts leave the cabin, transfer and repair equipment. The scene of astronauts working in harsh space environment in American movies is vivid. Many fans expect China to enter the era of space station, just to see that Chinese can do such a difficult job. The scene described by Zhou Jianping is not only difficult, but also proves the strength and ability of the China astronauts, which is exciting to think about.

　　Zhou Jianping used the space station as an example. At that time, the design life of the Soviet Union’s Mir space station was only five years. Because of the participation of some people, the Mir space station continued until 1999. Because the Russian operation and maintenance cost was unbearable, it was derailed. Similarly, there is no active participation in the current International Space Station, and it is impossible to maintain this state.

　　It seems that the life of the space capsule is not only made, but also repaired.

　　Zhou Jianping reveals the secret — —

　　This time, our telescope will also be in the earth’s orbit, with a magnificent name, called "Sky Survey". Compared with Hubble telescope, the field of view of the survey telescope is more than 300 times larger, but the resolution is comparable. It can fly in common orbit with China Space Station. When the space station needs to replenish it, the astronauts need to repair it, or the equipment needs to be upgraded, it can dock on the space station, and the astronauts will leave after the necessary operations, and then continue to fly in common orbit.

　　In the past, if satellites were launched out of control, they would lose hundreds of millions or even billions, and they would also become space junk suspended in orbit. But in the future, there will be onboard engineers in the spacecraft who can capture these satellites for maintenance. There are also some satellites that have expired, and we can also replace them for maintenance to increase their life.

　　As we all know, it is a breeze for us to twist a screwdriver on the ground, not to mention the load engineer and the astronaut from the Air Force. However, under the threat of extravehicular cosmic rays and flying rocks, astronauts must wear spacesuits as hard and heavy as a small spacecraft, and clumsy gloves make it very difficult to hold things. Therefore, the maintenance in the sky is mostly modular and integrated.

　　Just like children putting together Lego, even if it is a problem of a line or a screw, a whole module should be replaced to ensure safety and efficiency.

　　Shanguang Chen said that the on-orbit operation of the space station will reach more than 10 years, and there are many equipments including spacesuits and regenerative life support systems, which can greatly prolong the on-orbit service life and reduce the transportation cost through maintenance and parts replacement. How to ensure the quality of maintenance and improve the efficiency of maintenance should fully consider human capacity, space constraints, tool constraints and other human factors.

　　In just a few words, everyone has realized the arduous task of astronauts and load engineers in the Heavenly Palace in the future, not only to bear the test of weightlessness on the body, but also to do scientific experiments; It is necessary to observe both outer space and the earth from high altitude; It is necessary to go to the cargo ship to carry goods, to repair and overhaul the space station outside the cabin, and to launch micro-satellites to repair the survey telescope that is docked in parallel.

　　After Zhai Zhigang leaves the cabin and waves the national flag, future China astronauts will walk out of the cabin door more and more to work hard for our aircraft!

　　Half a year ago, NASA announced an Artemis project, that is, the United States won the moon again in 2024, and female astronauts will complete the moon landing. People invariably focus their eyes on Wang Yaping, the heroine of China.

　　When Shenzhou-10 was flying, as a space teacher, she gave a popular science class to primary and middle school students in the narrow cabin of Tiangong-1. The opening rate of the video at that time reached 1 billion times. If China can’t land on the moon immediately, it is certain that there will be female astronauts who will stay in the Tiangong for a long time in the near future and conduct scientific experiments in the core cabin and experimental cabin.

　　Wang Yaping’s appearance embodies the beauty of China’s classical beauties and the heroic posture of female soldiers, and her figure is tall and slim. People can’t help feeling pity for jade: how can such a slender woman carry heavy maintenance tasks?

　　This requires ergonomics to design auxiliary equipment that is more suitable for human body to work efficiently.

　　According to reports, the living environment of astronauts has been greatly improved. It can be said that from the past one room and one living room to three rooms and one living room, its livability is better and the extravehicular clothing has been greatly improved.

　　The more perfect the design of human factors, the less uncomfortable people feel, and the closer it will be to the day when ordinary Chinese will go into space.

　　Facing the unknown

　　Human factor evaluation surfaced.

　　Aerospace is a complex giant system, among which, what worries scientists most is how the people inside will survive and how to face the sinister and uncomfortable living environment when the spacecraft leaves the earth, our familiar home. In other words, how can we ensure that astronauts are "born after death" and work pleasantly and efficiently?

　　Human factors engineering studies more about death. This is a subject based on failure, disaster and lessons.

　　"The Boeing plane in Ethiopia went down vertically, reaching 20 meters underground." Academician Liu Daxiang watched the video of Boeing 737MAX’s last out-of-control state some time ago, which made him "particularly uncomfortable". This type of aircraft crashed twice in the four months from the end of last year to the beginning of this year, killing 346 people. At first, Boeing put the blame on people, saying that the driver’s operation was wrong, but "we didn’t analyze this problem, so China was the first to make a decision to stop flying". It was later proved that the pilot of this plane staged a man-machine war in the last 12 minutes. It is said that a system repeatedly forced the nose down, and the pilot repeatedly pulled the nose up again, but in the end, under the arrogant instructions of the machine, the driver could do nothing, causing human tragedy.

　　"Now all fields are completely commanded by machines, which is risky." The famous aero-engine expert in China said that Boeing 737MAX didn’t carry out enough flight test after replacing the engine, and didn’t make a comprehensive evaluation including human factors, and the result was painful.

　　Shanguang Chen believes that the Boeing accident has once again caused the industry to think deeply about the allocation of human-machine functions, and the main reason is that it does not pay attention to human factors evaluation. In fact, many accidents in the aerospace field can be attributed to human error or insufficient error-proof design of machines.

　　"Eliminating operational mistakes is my lifelong goal." Lieutenant General Hu Shixiang, who sent China’s first artificial satellite "Dongfanghong-1" into space in 1970, said this. He participated in organizing more than 100 launch tests of satellites and rockets.

　　What he remembers vividly is the launch of a communication satellite in 1982. After several simulated flights, the data showed that the rocket was short-circuited after 17 seconds of flight.

　　"Check. The socket was opened to see how the welding point was, and it was turned upside down one day and one night, and no problem was found. " Everyone can’t go anywhere, they are all waiting, and he feels stressed. Finally, it was found that there was a solder particle rolling around in a socket. Going back, it was a female inspector in Shanghai who was pregnant, "in a bad mood and missed the inspection."

　　Today, when it comes to aerospace, it is foolproof, and it is all from victory to victory. In fact, in Hu Shixiang’s memory, there was a bleak time. At that time, China had just started to help foreign countries to launch commercial satellites, and failed because of the plug problem and careless problem. "When Zhu Rongji served as deputy prime minister, he visited our base and asked, Commander Hu, can you hit three satellites and drop the next one? You go up and down now, and our hearts can’t stand it. "

　　"Plugs and sockets are often a simple problem, but the result of simple problems is very heavy. It can be said that a screw links the aerospace industry and a small button maintains national dignity. " Hu Shixiang appealed to the human factors experts who attended the meeting, and asked whether the human factors experts could give a measure and a method to reduce human errors and ensure success.

　　Shanguang Chen pointed out: Eliminating human errors and ensuring safety has always been the goal pursued by commanders and engineers at all levels engaged in complex systems and engineering projects, and human factors engineering provides theoretical guidance and design methods for this. These systems are designed by people, and they are bound to be branded by people. The system must be evaluated by relatively independent human factors, and the system that fails this evaluation shall not pass the final acceptance. Manned space flight is establishing this management and technical system.

　　The discipline idea of human factors engineering is to embody the design idea of people-centered, make the machine adapt to people’s needs, and the discipline goal makes the whole system realize safety, high efficiency and high performance. Typical characteristics are system engineering thought, design-oriented and multidisciplinary integration. It can be said that human factors engineering is a people-oriented system engineering.

　　Laozi said: goodness is like water, and water conservancy does not dispute everything. Shanguang Chen borrowed this concept many times and pointed out: people are like water, and if you are tall, I will retreat and not drown your grace; If you are low, I will come to make up for your shortcomings. More and more big countries have introduced human factors engineering into their own top-level design.

　　Bridgehead towards deep space

　　When will cars come and go on the moon?

　　Just like Go, when you take a step, you must design the next three to five steps.

　　When people are cheering and screaming for the 2020 space year, China’s manned space flight has started the deep layout of flying to the moon.

　　Why do you choose the moon for deep space? Shanguang Chen said that manned space flight has three main goals: first, exploring the unknown; The second is to develop and utilize space resources; The third is to expand the living space and find a new home. The moon is "the bridgehead for us to go deep into space".

　　In many science fiction novels, water ice, helium 3, important minerals and other resources on the moon are mined by clones and robots and transported back to the earth to serve mankind. So, what will the moon look like? Will there really be cars coming and going like Shanguang Chen said?

　　He believes that our future moon city will be implemented in stages: outpost, semi-permanent base, and then permanent moon home.

　　The moon home is mainly underground buildings, which can use moon soil and moon rock for heat preservation, heat insulation and radiation protection. Using 3D printing, the lunar dust and excavated lunar soil are printed into building materials. Choose a place where underground space is easy to drill and dig, and take Moon Rock as the base radiation bunker.

　　Shanguang Chen’s description is full of wonderful imagination. Perhaps, with the strong support of engineering and other disciplines, it will be close at hand when we have a super-large thrust rocket?

　　But he changed the subject and talked about a "successful failure."

　　At that time, Apollo 13, which flew to the moon, only flew for 55 hours and 46 minutes, and the agitation of the oxygen tank led to the serious explosion of the spacecraft service module. The spacecraft began to lose power, heat and, more importantly, the astronauts lost breathable oxygen.

　　"However, the astronauts used their quick wits to use the Aquarius lunar module as a lifeboat, and finally got rid of the gravity of the moon and returned to Earth safely. This is a successful case of relying on people’s wisdom and exerting people’s role, so it is a successful failure. " Shanguang Chen hopes to use this example to tell everyone that if we want to March to the moon, we must have more advanced human factors engineering concepts and designs.

　　Because human factors engineering is a kind of efficacy discipline based on failure and death.

　　What is a good designer? "Under danger, the system has the ability to play a human role and restore security." Shanguang Chen pointed out that, inspired by the experience of Apollo 13, our lunar module will directly carry the escape module in the future, which will increase the hope of astronauts’ survival.

　　The characteristic of aerospace is that many escape devices have been designed before. For example, when a rocket is launched, there is an escape tower in the atmosphere, and if something happens, it can parachute back to the ground. Therefore, whether you enter the Tiangong capsule or go to the moon in the future, you should put safety and efficiency first.

　　"Through the construction and development of the moon home, mankind will go to deep space, move to Mars, get out of the solar system, inherit the spark and spread human civilization in the vast universe!" Shanguang Chen set his sights on the future.

　　Perhaps looking back in a few years, 2020 is a very important time node for China’s space flight. Such a grand plan is to start from the core module of the space station — — Tianhe, take the first step.

　　(China Youth Daily China Youth Network reporter blocking force)

"Modern Times" stills

Professor of China Ancient History Research Center and History Department, Peking University.??

What does the individual in history mean?

From the perspective of history, why are people "born perfect"?

As an ordinary person, how to compete for the right to interpret the times?

……

Professor of Chinese Department of Peking University

How to recognize people’s passive state?

How can we open the "imagination of humanities" and activate people’s initiative from the inside out?

How can a poem, a novel and a movie help us understand, recognize and change the world?

……

Lecturer, School of Journalism, Renmin University of China

Social networking has brought people closer together. In recent years, with the development of Internet platform economy, people can even be directly "stitched" together like cloth.During the epidemic, when it was impossible to eat in the restaurant, the takeaway staff sewed up a kilometer between the home and the restaurant; When there is no offline activity, the live broadcast sews up the lack of entertainment. In such a society, what marks are left by people as stitched fabrics?

Dong Chenyu, a lecturer at School of Journalism, Renmin University of China, will take us to discuss:

Zhou Feizhou: Does everyone have to be a "social person" unless he is a "social cow" or "social fear"?

Professor and Director of Sociology Department of Peking University.

Modern people have their own cognitive way of "society": being able to communicate with the outside world without fear of being laughed at is a "social cow", and being afraid of communicating with the outside world without being concerned is called "social fear". However, no matter what kind of personality, such a division separates itself from society and forms opposition.

As one of them, obviously we can’t be separated from society, but we are cutting with society all the time.How to truly "enter the society"? How can we be more open to ourselves and others?

Professor Zhou Feizhou, director of the Department of Sociology of Peking University, will share with us:

Wang Min ‘an: In the face of AI, can human beings maintain the potential of "not doing it"?

Professor, Tsinghua University College of Humanities

What can we see when we gaze closely at our time? Climate warming, artificial intelligence, economic turmoil … all contain the possibility of human destruction. We can’t continue to live on the earth, become enslaved objects, and may fall into a new whirlpool at any time. We personally participated in the crisis.

But don’t be swallowed up by the mud and lose the ability to look out. Raise your head and look farther away, where there may be another possibility of saying "no"

Professor Wang Min ‘an from Tsinghua University College of Humanities will take us to discuss:

Born as a human being, we can undoubtedly follow the rhythm of society and March towards the recognized "good life"; But we need to keep our thinking ability and find our own answer to "being human".

May 27th, andTriple readingTogether, the problem is heavy.New spread, towards more dimensions, ask questions.

Typesetting | Susu

Click [Read the original] to sign up for the offline activities of the knowledge conference.

　　The old street is the condensation of the city figure. By the ancient canal, the old street is nourished by thousands of years of running water, and the buildings, streets and lanes are rich in canal characteristics. The traditional skills, customs and customs there also hide the memory of the canal city for thousands of years.

　　On January 10th, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism released a message, and after review, the list of the first batch of state-level tourist and leisure blocks was publicized.Of the 55 selected blocks, 9 are located in cities along the canal.The Qingming Bridge Historical and Cultural Block in Liangxi District of Wuxi City, Pingjiang Historical Block in gusu district City of Suzhou City and Yangliuqing Ancient Town Block in Xiqing District of Tianjin City are all old streets with a long history along the canal.

　　Qianmen Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing

　　Qianmen Street is a very famous commercial street in Beijing. Located in the central axis of Beijing, it starts from Moon Bay at Qianmen in the north, ends at Tianqiao intersection in the south, and is connected with Tianqiao South Street. It is full of the characteristics of the ancient capital and the cultural memory of the old Beijingers. In recent years, Qianmen Street has closely followed the new trend of the times, built a high-quality pedestrian street with Beijing flavor characteristics and modern vitality, created a "Jingweier cultural experiential consumption block", designed and developed the "Qianmen Night Tour Brand", held cultural tourism activities such as "Intangible Cultural Exhibition" and Hutong Light Show, and created an urban tourism and leisure block with distinctive cultural characteristics.

　　Pingjiang Historic Block, gusu district, Suzhou

　　"A Pingjiang Road, half of Suzhou City", it can be said that Pingjiang Road is the epitome of the ancient city of Suzhou. Pingjiang Historic District is about the same age as the Grand Canal in China, with a history of more than 2,500 years. It is the most complete and largest historical block in Suzhou so far. Historically, many literati lived here and left many stories, so there are rich historical sites and cultural landscapes. Today, there are still a large number of ancient buildings, ancient trees, ancient wells, etc. Many residents still retain a very traditional way of life in the water town. They want to experience the Jiangnan life of people with small bridges and flowing water and understand the characteristics of Jiangnan Watertown. It is right to come here.

　　Qingming Bridge Historical and Cultural Block, Liangxi District, Wuxi City

　　Can you not remember Jiangnan, and people will do their best to pillow the river. Wuxi, which is known as the "out-of-print place of the canal, a water alley in the south of the Yangtze River", is rich in canal remains. A famous bridge in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty has made countless people dream of it and become one of the important punching places in the journey. As the essence of the ancient canal in the south of the Yangtze River, the historical and cultural block of Qingming Bridge still retains many original ecological elements, where Bodu Port and the ancient canal meet, and there are many people in the canal. Antique bridges, alleys, authentic and simple customs, and ancient canal scenery have all become attractive points to attract tourists. Nowadays, the renovation project of Qingming Bridge historical and cultural block is progressing in an orderly manner, including building restoration and river bank improvement. In the future, visiting Qingming Bridge will bring visitors a new round of amazing experience.

　　Yangliuqing Ancient Town Block, Xiqing District, Tianjin

　　When you come to Tianjin, you must go to Yangliuqing Ancient Town. It has a long history and profound cultural heritage, integrating folk culture, canal culture and courtyard culture. Fengqing Street in Yangliuqing Ancient Town faces the imposing Wenchang Pavilion in the east, the Shijia Courtyard in the west, and the ancient South Canal in the south. Here, you can visit Shijia Courtyard, enjoy Yangliuqing New Year pictures, and take part in distinctive folk cultural activities, and buy antique Yangliuqing New Year pictures, kites and clay sculptures back home from traditional craftsmen.

　　洛阳市洛阳古城特色文化街区

　　最近，古城都洛阳频繁出圈，一系列和洛阳有关的文化节目和影视剧火爆网络。《唐宫夜宴》、《龙门金刚》、《洛神水赋》……让更多的人，产生了去洛阳古城看一看的想法。如今洛阳古城特色文化街区已形成旅游服务、传统商业、文创产业、生活居住四类功能区，来这里可以吃到当地小吃，可以打卡文创产品体验店，学习流传百年的手工艺，深入体会洛河之畔人家的生活。

　　杭州市上城区清河坊历史文化街区

　　清河坊历史街区是杭州悠久历史的缩影，起源于南宋，这里一度是商业繁华的“黄金地段”。如今的清河坊旧街区保存较完好，这里有众多杭州的百年老店，街区内有国家级文保单位胡庆余堂、钱塘第一井、唐朝天门、于谦故居、胡雪岩故居等景点。如今的清河坊，是“杭州人常来，外地人必到”之处。可以去逛一逛百年老店，欣赏古老建筑，可以在茶楼小馆品一品茶，或是尝尝各类糕点小吃，将杭州美食吃个够。

　　List of 9 national tourist and leisure blocks in cities along the canal

　　Qianmen Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing

　　Taikooli, Sanlitun, Chaoyang District, Beijing

　　Yangliuqing Ancient Town Block, Xiqing District, Tianjin

　　Qingming Bridge Historical and Cultural Block, Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province

　　Pingjiang Historic Block, gusu district, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province

　　Old Bund Block, Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

　　Qinghefang Historical and Cultural Block, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province

　　Historical and Cultural Blocks of Luoyang Ancient City, the Old Town of Luoyang City, Henan Province

　　Dehua Pedestrian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province

　　List of the first batch of national tourist and leisure blocks

　　1. Qianmen Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing

　　2. Taikooli, Sanlitun, Chaoyang District, Beijing

　　3. Yangliuqing Ancient Town Block, Xiqing District, Tianjin

　　4. Jinlong Tourism and Leisure Block, Shuangqiao District, Chengde City, Hebei Province

　　5. Peiren Historical and Cultural Street, lubei district, Tangshan City, Hebei Province

　　6. Leisure living block of Wenlv, Gucheng, Xinfu District, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province

　　7. Saishang Old Street Tourism and Leisure Block, Yuquan District, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

　　8. Zhongjie Tourism and Leisure Block, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

　　9. Baihua Tourism and Leisure Block of Changbai Mountain Management Committee of Jilin Province

　　10.黑龙江省哈尔滨市道里区中央大街步行街

　　11.上海市黄浦区思南公馆街区

　　12.上海市徐汇区武康路-安福路街区

　　13.江苏省南京市秦淮区夫子庙步行街

　　14.江苏省无锡市梁溪区清名桥历史文化街区

　　15.江苏省苏州市姑苏区平江历史街区

　　16.浙江省温州市鹿城区五马历史文化街区

　　17.浙江省宁波市江北区老外滩街区

　　18.浙江省杭州市上城区清河坊历史文化街区

　　19.安徽省合肥市包河区罍街

　　20.安徽省黄山市屯溪区黎阳映巷街区

　　21.福建省福州市鼓楼区三坊七巷历史文化街区

　　22.福建省福州市台江区上下杭历史文化街区

　　23.福建省晋江市五店市传统文化旅游区

　　24.江西省上饶市鄱阳县饶州古镇旅游休闲街区

　　25.江西省赣州市章贡区江南宋城旅游休闲街区

　　26.山东省济南市历下区百花洲历史文化街区

　　27.山东省淄博市周村区古商城历史文化街区

　　28.河南省洛阳市老城区洛阳古城历史文化街区

　　29.河南省郑州市二七区德化步行街

　　30.湖北省襄阳市襄城区襄阳北街

　　31.湖南省长沙市天心区太平街

　　32.湖南省常德市柳叶湖区河街

　　33.广东省潮州市湘桥区牌坊街

　　34. Yongqingfang, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province

　　35. Historical and Cultural Blocks in Dongxi Lane, Xiufeng District, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

　　36. Historical and cultural blocks of old Nanning, Sanjie and Liangxiang, Xingning District, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

　　37. Historical and Cultural Blocks of Qilou Building in Haikou City, Hainan Province

　　38. Dajiu Street Tourism and Leisure Block, Jiangbei District, Chongqing

　　39. Danzishi Old Street in Nan ‘an District, Chongqing

　　40. Ciqikou Block, Shapingba District, Chongqing

　　41. Wuhou Temple Jinli, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

　　42. Kuanzhai Lane, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

　　43. Chunxi Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

　　44. Cultural Pedestrian Street of Zhenyuan Ancient City, zhenyuan county, Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province

　　45. Dayanhua Lane Tourism and Leisure Block, Gucheng District, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province

　　46. Theme Characteristic Block of Lin ‘an Ancient City, Jianshui County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province

　　47. Cijuelin Tibetan Courtyard Style Street, Lhasa City, Xizang Autonomous Region

　　48. Chamacheng Block, Changdu City, Xizang Autonomous Region

　　49. Qinba Old Street, Shiquan County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province

　　50. Lane 13, Bafang, Linxia City, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province

　　51. Tangdao 637 Leisure Travel Pedestrian Street, Chengxi District, Xining City, Qinghai Province

　　52. Huaiyuan Tourism and Leisure Block, Xixia District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

　　53. Dabazha Tourism and Leisure Block, Tianshan District, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

　　54. Liuxing Street Historical and Cultural Block, Yining City, Yili Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

　　55. Xingfu Road Pedestrian Street, Shihezi City, the eighth division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

According to the website of the General Administration of Customs, in order to correctly determine the origin of import and export goods under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia and promote economic and trade exchanges between China and Cambodia, the General Administration of Customs has formulated the Measures for the Administration of the Origin of Import and Export Goods under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs. It is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of January 1, 2022.

　　If the consignee of imported goods or his agent applies for enjoying the tax rate under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia when the goods are imported, he shall go through the customs declaration formalities in accordance with the relevant provisions of Announcement No.34 of the General Administration of Customs in 2021. When filling in the column of "Preferential Trade Agreement Benefits" in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Import (Export) Goods Declaration Form, the code "23" should be filled in the column of "Preferential Trade Agreement Code".

Measures of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs on the Administration of the Origin of Import and Export Goods under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia

　　Article 1 In order to correctly determine the origin of import and export goods under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia (hereinafter referred to as the China-Cambodia FTA) and promote economic and trade exchanges between China and Cambodia, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Customs Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Customs Law), the Regulations on the Origin of Import and Export Goods of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the China-Cambodia FTA.

　　Article 2 These Measures shall apply to the origin management of import and export goods under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement between China and Cambodia.

　　Article 3 Goods that meet one of the following conditions are original goods under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as original goods) and have the original qualification under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as original qualification):

　　(a) completely obtained or produced in China or Cambodia;

　　(two) in China or Cambodia, the original materials that meet the requirements of these measures are completely used for production;

　　(3) Made of non-native materials in China or Cambodia;

　　1. Belonging to the scope of application of Annex 1 to these Measures, and conforming to the corresponding tariff classification changes, regional value components, manufacturing and processing procedures or other provisions;

　　2 does not belong to the scope of application of Annex 1 to these Measures, but meets one of the following conditions:

　　(1) The regional value component calculated by the formula listed in Article 7 of these Measures shall not be less than 40% of the FOB price of goods;

　　(2) Articles 25, 26, 28, 29 (except 29.01 and 29.02), 31 (except 31.05) and 39 (except 39.01, 39.02, 39.03, 39.07 and 39.08) of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Import and Export Tariff (hereinafter referred to as the Tariff). 49、57— 59、61、62、64、66— 71、73— 83、86、88、91— After the goods and non-original materials under Chapter 97 were manufactured or processed, the four-level tariff classification changed.

　　When the specific rules of origin of products under the China-Cambodia FTA listed in Annex 1 change, the General Administration of Customs will make a separate announcement.

　　Article 4 The goods "completely obtained or produced in China or Cambodia" as mentioned in Article 3 of these Measures refer to:

　　(1) Plants and plant products (including fruits, flowers, vegetables, trees, algae, fungi and living plants) planted, harvested, picked or collected in China or Cambodia;

　　(2) Live animals born and raised in China or Cambodia;

　　(3) Products obtained from live animals mentioned in Item (2) of this article in China or Cambodia without further processing, including milk, eggs, natural honey, hair, wool, semen and feces;

　　(4) Goods obtained by hunting, trapping, fishing, aquaculture, gathering or catching in China or Cambodia;

　　(5) Minerals and other natural resources extracted or obtained from the territory, territorial waters and seabed of China or Cambodia and not included in Items (1) to (4) of this article;

　　(6) Products extracted from waters, seabed or subsoil outside the territorial waters of China or Cambodia, which the Cambodian side has the right to develop;

　　(7) Fish and other marine products caught by ships registered in China or Cambodia and flying its national flag in waters outside the territorial waters of that country;

　　(8) Goods processed and manufactured entirely with the goods mentioned in Items (4) and (7) of this article on processing vessels registered in China or Cambodia and flying its national flag;

　　(9) Wastes and scraps produced in the process of manufacturing, processing or consumption in China or Cambodia and only applicable to the recycling of raw materials;

　　(10) Old goods that are consumed and collected in China or Cambodia and are only applicable to the recycling of raw materials;

　　(11) Goods produced entirely from the goods mentioned in Items (1) to (10) of this article in China or Cambodia.

　　Article 5 Goods that meet the requirements of Item 3 of Paragraph 1 of Article 3 of these Measures, if the non-original materials used in production are only processed or treated by one or more of the following in the Member, the goods still do not have the qualification of origin:

　　(1) Protective operations to ensure that the goods are kept in good condition during transportation or storage;

　　(2) Packaging or display for the transportation or sale of goods;

　　(3) Simple processing, including filtering, screening, selecting, sorting, sharpening, cutting, slitting, grinding, bending, winding or unfolding;

　　(4) Sticking or printing marks, labels, logos and other similar distinguishing marks on the goods or their packages;

　　(five) only diluted with water or other substances, without substantially changing the characteristics of the goods;

　　(6) Disassembling products into parts;

　　(7) Slaughtering animals;

　　(eight) simple painting and polishing;

　　(9) Simply peeling, coring or shelling;

　　(10) Simply mixing products, regardless of whether they are different kinds of products.

　　The "simplicity" as mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to the situation that no special skills are needed and no machinery, instruments or equipment are specially produced or assembled.

　　Article 6 Where materials originating in China or Cambodia are used in the production of another goods within the territory of the other party, the materials shall be regarded as the original materials of the other party.

　　Article 7 The "regional value component" specified in Item (3) of Paragraph 1 of Article 3 of these Measures shall be calculated according to the following formula:

　　Regional value component = FOB price – Non-original material price × 100%

　　free on board

　　Among them, "the price of non-original materials" refers to the import cost of non-original materials, the freight and insurance premium to the destination port or place determined in accordance with the WTO Valuation Agreement, including the price of materials of unknown origin. When the non-original materials are obtained in China or Cambodia, the paid or payable price of the non-original materials should be determined as early as possible in China or Cambodia according to the transaction price determined in the WTO Valuation Agreement, excluding the freight, insurance, packaging and any other expenses for transporting the non-original materials from the supplier’s warehouse to the manufacturer’s place.

　　When calculating the regional value composition of goods according to the first paragraph of this article, the price of non-original materials does not include the price of non-original materials used in the production process to produce original materials.

　　Article 8 For goods subject to the requirements of tariff classification change under the China-Cambodia FTA, if the non-original materials used in the production process do not meet the requirements of tariff classification change, but meet all other applicable provisions of these Measures and meet one of the following conditions, they shall be regarded as original goods:

　　(1) Article 50 of the Tariff & mdash; For the goods in Chapter 63, the weight of all non-original materials used in the production of the goods without the required tariff classification change shall not exceed 10% of the total weight of the goods, or the price determined in accordance with Article 7 of these Measures shall not exceed 10% of the FOB price of the goods;

　　(2) Article 50 of the Tariff & mdash; For goods outside Chapter 63, the price of all non-original materials used in the production of goods without the required tariff classification change determined in accordance with Article 7 of these Measures shall not exceed 10% of the FOB price of the goods.

　　Article 9 The packaging materials and containers used to protect goods during transportation shall not affect the determination of the origin of goods.

　　Where the origin of the goods is determined according to the requirements of regional value composition under the China-Cambodia FTA, and the packaging materials and containers for retail use are classified together with the goods, the prices of the packaging materials and containers for retail use shall be calculated according to the prices of the original materials or non-original materials included in their respective origins.

　　Where the change of tariff classification under China-Cambodia FTA requires the determination of the origin of goods, and the packaging materials and containers for retail use are classified together with the goods, the origin of the packaging materials and containers for retail use does not affect the determination of the origin of goods.

　　Article 10 When calculating the regional value component of goods subject to the requirements of China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement, if the accessories, spare parts or tools declared for import together with the goods are classified together with the goods in the Customs Tariff, and no separate invoice is issued, the prices of the accessories, spare parts or tools shall be calculated according to their respective countries of origin.

　　Where the change of tariff classification under the China-Cambodia FTA requires the determination of the origin of goods, if the accessories, spare parts or tools declared for import together with the goods are classified together with the goods in the Tariff and no separate invoice is issued, the origin of the accessories, spare parts or tools will not affect the determination of the origin of goods.

　　The quantity and price of accessories, spare parts and tools mentioned in the first and second paragraphs of this article shall be within a reasonable range.

　　Article 11 When determining whether the goods are goods of origin, the origin of the following neutral components shall not be considered:

　　(1) Fuel, energy, catalyst and solvent;

　　(2) Equipment, devices and articles used for testing or inspecting goods;

　　(3) Gloves, glasses, shoes and boots, clothes, safety equipment and articles;

　　(4) Tools, molds and moulds;

　　(five) spare parts and materials used to maintain equipment and buildings;

　　(6) Lubricants, oils (greases), synthetic materials and other materials used in production or for operating equipment and maintaining factory buildings;

　　(seven) other goods used in the production process of the goods but not constituting the components of the goods.

　　Article 12 When determining the origin of goods, interchangeable materials that are commercially interchangeable and have the same nature and cannot be distinguished by visual observation alone shall be distinguished by any of the following methods:

　　(1) Physical separation of materials;

　　(2) Inventory management methods recognized by generally accepted accounting standards of exporters. This inventory management method should be used continuously for at least one fiscal year.

　　Article 13 Goods of origin transported from the exporter to the importer shall retain their original qualification if they meet one of the following conditions:

　　(1) Not passing through other countries (regions);

　　(two) via other countries (regions), but at the same time meet the following conditions:

　　1. Goods passing through these countries or regions are only due to geographical reasons or transportation needs;

　　2. Not entering these countries or regions for trade or consumption;

　　3. When the goods pass through these countries or regions, the goods have not been treated in their territory except for loading and unloading, re-loading and unloading, or other treatments needed to keep the goods in good condition.

　　Article 14 The valid certificate of origin under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement as stipulated in these Measures shall meet the following requirements:

　　(a) issued by an authorized institution in China or Cambodia;

　　(2) Having a unique certificate number;

　　(3) The basis for indicating that the goods have the qualification of origin;

　　(four) issued by the visa agency of the exporting member, with the authorized signature and seal of the visa agency;

　　(five) in accordance with the format listed in Annex 2 of these Measures, filled in English and signed and sealed by the exporter;

　　(six) the certificate of origin is valid for 12 months from the date of issuance.

　　The certificate of origin shall be issued before or at the time of shipment; If it cannot be issued before or at the time of shipment due to force majeure, it can be issued within 3 days after shipment.

　　Article 15 If it is impossible to apply for the issuance of the certificate of origin within the time limit stipulated in Article 14 of these Measures due to non-subjective intentional errors, negligence or other reasonable reasons, the visa agencies in China or Cambodia may reissue the certificate within 12 months from the date of shipment of the goods upon the application of the exporter. The reissued certificate of origin shall indicate the reissue.

　　Article 16 If the certificate of origin is stolen, lost or damaged, the exporter may apply in writing to the visa agency in China or Cambodia to issue a copy of the certificate of origin marked "CERTIFIED TRUE COPY" within the validity period of the original certificate.

　　A certified copy of the certificate of origin shall have the same number and date of issue as the original certificate of origin, and shall be regarded as the original certificate of origin.

　　Article 17 The certificate of origin shall not be altered or overprinted. If there is any change in the project, the exporter or manufacturer shall apply to the certificate of origin certification authority and provide the corresponding certification materials. The certification authority will modify the certificate of origin, affix the seal or correction seal of the certification authority to prove it, and cross out the blank parts.

　　Article 18 The agreed tax rate of China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement can be applied to imported goods with the qualification of origin.

　　Article 19 Where the consignee of imported goods or its agent applies for applying the tax rate under the China-Cambodia FTA for imported goods of origin, it shall declare in accordance with the relevant provisions of the General Administration of Customs and handle it with the following documents:

　　(1) A valid certificate of origin issued by the Cambodian visa agency (see Annex 2 for the format), except for the exemption from submitting the certificate of origin as stipulated in Article 20 of these Measures;

　　(2) Commercial invoice of the goods;

　　(three) the whole transport documents of the goods.

　　Where goods are transported to China through other countries or regions, documents issued by the customs of other countries or regions or other documents recognized by the customs shall be submitted.

　　If the transport documents mentioned in Item (3) of Paragraph 1 of this Article submitted by the consignee of imported goods or his agent can meet the relevant provisions on direct transport, it is not necessary to submit the supporting documents mentioned in Paragraph 2 of this Article.

　　Article 20 If the FOB price of the original goods imported in the same batch does not exceed US$ 200, the consignee of the imported goods or his agent may be exempted from submitting the certificate of origin when applying for the tax rate under the China-Cambodia FTA.

　　In order to avoid the provisions of these measures, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to the declaration of imported goods.

　　Article 21 Unless otherwise stipulated by the General Administration of Customs, if the country of origin declares the imported goods as Cambodia, and the consignee or his agent fails to obtain a valid certificate of origin before the goods go through customs formalities, he shall make a supplementary declaration to the customs as to whether the imported goods are qualified for Cambodia (see Annex 3).

　　If the consignee of imported goods or his agent makes a supplementary declaration to the customs in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of this article that the imported goods have Cambodian origin qualification and provides tax guarantee, the customs shall go through the import formalities according to law, except that the guarantee is not allowed according to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations. Where a tax guarantee equivalent to the maximum amount of tax that the goods may bear has been submitted due to reasons such as early release, it shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions of this paragraph on providing tax guarantee.

　　Article 22 In order to determine the authenticity and accuracy of the certificate of origin, to determine the origin qualification of imported goods, or to determine whether the imported goods meet other requirements stipulated in these Measures, the customs may carry out origin verification in the following ways:

　　(1) Requiring the consignee of imported goods or their agents, the consignor of exported goods or their agents and manufacturers to provide information and materials related to the origin of goods and the issuance of certificates of origin;

　　(2) Require the relevant Cambodian authorities to verify the authenticity of the certificate of origin and the origin qualification of the goods, and provide relevant information of the exporter or manufacturer and the goods when necessary;

　　(3) Other procedures agreed by the customs of both parties.

　　When necessary, the customs may conduct on-the-spot verification on overseas exporters or producers with the consent of the relevant competent authorities in Cambodia, or conduct verification by other means agreed with the relevant competent authorities in Cambodia.

　　While waiting for the verification results, the customs may, at the application of the consignee of imported goods or his agent, handle the guarantee release according to law, except in cases where the guarantee release is not allowed according to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.

　　Article 23 Under any of the following circumstances, the customs shall go through the formalities for returning the secured property and rights according to law:

　　(1) The consignee of imported goods or its agent has made supplementary declaration to the customs in accordance with the provisions of these Measures and submitted a valid certificate of origin under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement;

　　(2) The results of customs verification are sufficient to confirm the qualification of origin of the goods.

　　Article 24 Under any of the following circumstances, the tariff rate agreed in the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement shall not apply to the imported goods:

　　(1) The consignee of imported goods or his agent fails to apply for the application of the tax rate under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 of these Measures, and fails to make supplementary declaration in accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of these Measures;

　　(two) the goods do not have the qualification of Cambodian origin;

　　(three) the certificate of origin does not conform to the provisions of these measures;

　　(four) the goods listed in the certificate of origin are inconsistent with the actual imported goods;

　　(5) Within 270 days from the date of submitting the request for origin verification, the customs has not received the verification feedback from the relevant Cambodian institutions, or the feedback results do not contain enough information to determine the authenticity of the certificate of origin or the true origin of the goods;

　　(six) the consignee of imported goods or his agent has other acts that do not comply with the relevant provisions of these measures.

　　Article 25 Shippers of export goods and their agents, domestic producers and their agents who have filed with the enterprises of origin (hereinafter referred to as applicants) may apply to Chinese visa agencies for issuing certificates of origin.

　　Article 26 The applicant shall apply for the issuance of a certificate of origin before the shipment of the goods, and at the same time submit materials to prove the qualification of the origin of the goods. The applicant shall be responsible for the authenticity, completeness and accuracy of the materials submitted.

　　Twenty-seventh visa agencies shall examine the materials submitted by the applicant, and issue certificates of origin if they meet the requirements of these measures; If it does not conform to the provisions of these measures, it shall decide not to issue a certificate of origin, notify the applicant in writing and explain the reasons.

　　When conducting audit, the visa agency may verify the origin qualification of the goods in the following ways:

　　(a) require the applicant to provide supplementary information and materials related to the qualification of the origin of the goods;

　　(2) On-the-spot verification of the production equipment, processing procedures, raw materials and spare parts of export goods, the country (region) of origin, and the instructions, packages, trademarks, marks and marks of origin of export goods;

　　(3) consulting and copying relevant contracts, invoices, account books and other relevant materials.

　　Article 28 At the request of the relevant competent authorities in Cambodia, the customs may verify the origin of export goods in the following ways:

　　(a) require the applicant to provide supplementary information and materials related to the qualification of the origin of the goods;

　　(2) On-the-spot verification of the production equipment, processing procedures, raw materials and spare parts of export goods, the country (region) of origin, and the instructions, packages, trademarks, marks and marks of origin of export goods;

　　(3) consulting and copying relevant contracts, invoices, account books and other relevant materials.

　　Article 29 When declaring export goods, the consignor of export goods and his agent shall fill in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Declaration Form for Export Goods in accordance with the customs declaration provisions.

　　Article 30 If the goods originating in Cambodia are exhibited in China and sold to China during or after the exhibition, and the following conditions are met, the tax rate under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement can be applied:

　　(1) The exporter has transported the products from Cambodia to China and exhibited them in China;

　　(2) After the goods were sent to the exhibition, they were not used for other purposes except for exhibition;

　　(3) The goods are under customs supervision during the exhibition.

　　When the above-mentioned exhibition goods are declared for import, the consignee or his agent shall submit the certificate of origin of the goods to the customs, indicating the name and address of the exhibition, and relevant documents proving that the goods conform to the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 13 of these Measures.

　　The above-mentioned goods exported to Cambodia can apply for a certificate of origin from the visa agency. If the above requirements are met, the tax rate under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement can be applied in Cambodia.

　　Article 31 The consignor and manufacturer of export goods applying for the certificate of origin shall, within three years from the date of issuing the certificate of origin, keep the documents and records that can fully prove the qualification of the goods.

　　The consignee of imported goods subject to the tariff rate under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement shall, within three years from the date of customs clearance of the goods, keep the documents and records that can fully prove the original qualification of the goods.

　　The issuing institution shall keep the application materials of the certificate of origin within 3 years from the date of issuance of the certificate of origin.

　　The above-mentioned documents and records can be saved in electronic or paper form.

　　Article 32 The meanings of the following terms in these Measures:

　　(1) "Aquaculture" refers to the cultivation of aquatic organisms including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, other aquatic invertebrates and aquatic plants starting from embryos such as eggs, fry, fish worms and fish eggs. Intervene in the feeding or growth process by orderly raising, feeding or preventing predation by carnivores, so as to increase the yield;

　　(2) "Generally accepted accounting standards" refers to the accounting standards, agreed opinions or substantive authoritative support of one party in recording income, expenditure, cost, assets and liabilities, information disclosure and preparation of financial statements. The above guidelines include not only general guiding principles that are generally applicable, but also detailed standards, practices and procedures;

　　(3) "Material" refers to any substance used in the production of goods, which forms a part of another goods in physical form or goods used in the production process of another goods;

　　(4) "Original materials" or "original goods" refer to materials or goods that are qualified for origin according to the provisions of these Measures;

　　(5) "Production" refers to the method of obtaining goods, including planting, feeding, mining, harvesting, fishing, aquaculture, farming, trapping, hunting, capturing, collecting, breeding, extracting, manufacturing, producing, processing or assembling goods;

　　(6) The WTO Valuation Agreement refers to the Agreement on the Implementation of Article VII of the 1994 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which is an integral part of the Marrakesh Agreement on the Establishment of the World Trade Organization;

　　(7) "Non-original goods" or "non-original materials" refer to goods or materials that do not have the qualification of origin according to the provisions of these Measures, and goods or materials with unknown origin;

　　(8) "Neutral component" refers to the goods that are used in the production of another goods and do not constitute the components of the goods themselves;

　　(9) "Visa Agency" refers to an agency designated or authorized by a member to issue certificates of origin and notified to another member in accordance with the provisions of the China-Cambodia FTA. Directly under the Customs, under the Customs, China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and its local branches are visa agencies in China;

　　(10) "Competent Authority" refers to one or more government agencies designated by the member and notified to another member in accordance with the provisions of the China-Cambodia FTA.

　　Article 33 The General Administration of Customs shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.

　　Article 34 These Measures shall come into force as of January 1, 2022.

　　BEIJING, March 28th (Reporter Qiu Yu, Cheng Chunyu) China is the largest express delivery country in the world. In 2017, the express delivery business exceeded 40 billion pieces, and it is expected to grow at a rate of about 10 billion pieces every year. In the process of rapid development, the express delivery industry is faced with some problems such as nonstandard market operation order and unclear service rules.

　　Recently, China’s first administrative regulation specifically for the express delivery industry, the Provisional Regulations on Express Delivery (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations"), came into effect on May 1, 2018. In view of the privacy protection of the sender and how to claim compensation after the lost express mail, it has been clearly stipulated.

　　real-name system (for a service)

　　— — Express delivery companies with false identity information may not accept and send them.

　　Express delivery to real-name registration system means that the sender needs to show his ID card and register personal information, which was officially implemented at the end of 2015.

　　The "Regulations" further clarify that enterprises engaged in express delivery business should check the identity of the sender and register identity information when receiving and sending express mail. If the sender refuses to provide identity information or provides false identity information, the enterprise engaged in express delivery business shall not accept and send it.

　　secret protection

　　— — The maximum fine for revealing the sender’s privacy is 100 thousand

　　Express delivery to real-name registration system has become one of the measures to ensure the safety of express parcels, but at the same time it has caused people’s concerns about privacy.

　　In this regard, the "Regulations" stipulate that no unit or individual may illegally inspect other people’s express mail except that the relevant departments inspect it according to law. No unit or individual may open, conceal, destroy or resell other people’s express mail without permission. Enterprises engaged in express delivery business and their employees shall not sell, disclose or illegally provide user information known in the process of express delivery service, and the maximum penalty is 100,000 yuan if the circumstances are serious.

　　"To fully implement real-name registration system, we must solve two problems." Liu Junhai, director of the Institute of Commercial Law of Renmin University of China, said that the first is to ensure the traceability of the sender’s information, and the second is to protect the privacy of consumers. If the consumer’s information is not fully protected, it will be difficult to promote it in real-name registration system.

　　Network stop

　　— — Suspend service, and properly handle undelivered express mail.

　　On holidays, due to the return of a large number of couriers, some courier companies will have the problem of network shutdown and backlog of express mail. How to ensure the quality and timeliness of express delivery service?

　　The "Regulations" pointed out that the state encourages enterprises engaged in express delivery business to provide users with normal express delivery services according to the actual situation of business volume changes during holidays.

　　At the same time, it is clear that if an enterprise operating express delivery business or its branches suspend express delivery service due to force majeure or other special reasons, it should report to the postal administration department in time, announce the reasons and time limit for suspension of service to the public, and properly handle undelivered express mail according to law.

　　Damage claim

　　— — You can ask the enterprise or service enterprise to which the express waybill belongs for compensation.

　　In the course of delivery, disputes caused by damage or loss of express mail often occur. In August 2017, China Consumers Association collected opinions on the "Provisional Regulations on Express Delivery (Draft for Comment)" and found that consumers are most concerned about the compensation for lost or damaged express delivery.

　　With regard to claims, the Regulations stipulate that if the legitimate rights and interests of users are damaged due to delay, loss, damage or shortage of internal parts, users may demand compensation from the enterprise to which the trademark, name or express waybill belongs, or from the enterprise that actually provides express service.

　　In addition, if the express mail is delayed, lost, damaged or the internal parts are short, the liability for compensation for the insured express mail shall be determined in accordance with the insured rules agreed between the express delivery enterprise and the sender; For uninsured express mail, the liability for compensation shall be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of civil law. Encourage insurance companies to develop liability insurance for express loss, and encourage enterprises engaged in express delivery business to insure.

　　End dispatch

　　— — Encourage enterprises to share facilities and promote intelligent express cabinets.

　　The emergence of intelligent express cabinets allows office workers not to worry about no one receiving goods at home, and couriers can also avoid a trip in vain. The courier can put the express mail in the cabinet and notify the user by SMS, providing 24-hour self-service pick-up service.

　　The "Regulations" clearly encourage multiple enterprises engaged in express delivery business to share terminal service facilities and provide users with convenient express terminal services.

　　In addition, there are many high technologies in the express delivery industry, such as sorting robots, drones to deliver express delivery, and mobile phone software that can know the location and delivery time of couriers in real time.

　　The "Regulations" propose to encourage and guide enterprises engaged in express delivery business to adopt advanced technology, and promote the popularization and application of automated sorting equipment, mechanized loading and unloading equipment, intelligent terminal service facilities, express electronic waybills and express information management systems.

　　Express vehicle

　　— — Local authorities shall not prohibit the passage according to law.

　　It is difficult for express vehicles to pass, which is a concern of couriers. The "Regulations" clearly require that the right of express delivery service vehicles to pass and temporarily stop should be guaranteed according to law, and express delivery service vehicles should not be prohibited from passing according to law.

　　At present, electric tricycles, which are widely used in the express delivery industry, have become the first choice for couriers to deliver in the "last mile" because of their flexibility and large cargo capacity. However, disputes about the speed limit standard of electric tricycles have always existed.

　　The "Regulations" require that the management and use of express delivery service vehicles be standardized according to law, the speed and loading quality of special electric tricycles for express delivery should be stipulated, and the unified numbering and identification management of express delivery service vehicles should be strengthened.

　　Violation of traffic regulations

　　— — Cause damage to others and bear tort liability.

　　In reality, some express delivery companies ignore traffic safety, and delivery staff sometimes violate traffic rules and disrupt urban order.

　　The "Regulations" propose that express delivery practitioners should abide by the provisions of road traffic safety laws and regulations and drive vehicles safely and civilized in accordance with operational norms. If the courier practitioners cause damage to others due to the execution of their work tasks, the enterprises that operate the courier business to which the courier practitioners belong shall bear the tort liability in accordance with the relevant laws on civil tort liability.

　　On March 26, the Ministry of Public Security said that serious traffic violations such as running red lights, retrograde and occupying motor vehicle lanes should be strictly investigated; Those who are responsible for traffic accidents and have repeatedly violated the law seriously will be included in the record of dishonesty, and enterprises will be urged to implement the measures of repaying and forbidding entry.

　　Packaging pollution

　　— — Encourage the use of degradable and reusable materials.

　　While enjoying the convenience brought by express delivery, we should also consider "reducing the burden" on parcels and reducing pollution. At present, plastic tape and roller tape have a great impact on environmental protection.

　　The "Regulations" stipulate that the state encourages enterprises and senders engaged in express delivery business to use degradable and reusable environmental protection packaging materials, and encourages enterprises engaged in express delivery business to take measures to recycle express packaging materials to achieve reduced utilization and reuse of packaging materials.

　　Express delivery companies have begun to take action, some vigorously promote recyclable environmental protection cloth bags to replace the commonly used woven bags, and some companies have launched recyclable "shared express boxes".

　　Zhao Xiaomin, CEO of Chuanshuo Enterprise and an expert in express delivery, said that from the perspective of the logistics industry trend, it is worthy of recognition to promote green recycling packaging boxes, but it is difficult to change the current situation of using disposable packaging in a short period of time, and the joint efforts of industries and institutions are needed. (End)

　　CCTV News:(Reporter Zhang Qi) Dongchuan is a famous "Tiannan Copper Capital" in history. After thousands of years of exploitation and logging, the mountains in Dongchuan have basically become bare. When it comes to Dongchuan 20 years ago, people often associate it with barren land covered in mines, weeds everywhere, and mudslides that cross the river wantonly. "Walking on the top of the mountain with dragons and blowing horns at every ditch" was the truest portrayal of Dongchuan at that time.

Photo courtesy of Dongchuan District Forestry and Grassland Bureau

　　"We want a blue sky and green mountains, and we want the earth to awaken and the Qingshui River", which has become the aspiration of all Dongchuan people and the dream of Dongchuan people.

　　However, it is an arduous task to make the barren hills in Dongchuan green. The area of barren hills in Dongchuan is 606,000 mu, and there are more than 100,000 mu of barren hills in Xiaojiang dry-hot valley with a total length of more than 80 kilometers. Due to drought, lack of rain, large evaporation, poor soil layer and poor water conservation ability, the survival rate of newly planted trees is low, and many barren slopes are "afforestation without forest" every year.

　　Dongchuan forestry workers repeatedly tried to use different methods and tree species for experimental planting, boldly diverted water up the mountain to water seedlings, and explored the soil and water conservation technology of fish scale pit at the bottom of funnel. In recent years, Dongchuan has taken 7,000 acres of barren hills in Daduo Village of Tangdan Town as a demonstration base for drought-resistant afforestation in dry-hot valleys, mainly popularizing these two technologies and planting new Leucaena leucocephala which is drought-resistant and easy to survive, with remarkable results.

　　In order to plant trees and fill the ecological shortcomings, Dongchuan also spent a lot of money. Twenty years ago, the investment in afforestation per mu was only in 8 yuan, but now, the investment in 800 yuan per mu has increased by 100 times. The local finance in Dongchuan District will allocate 10 million yuan for ecological restoration every year, and at least 30,000 mu will be planted every year, so that the forest coverage rate in Dongchuan will increase by at least 1 percentage point every year.

　　Through the arduous efforts of Dongchuan District, the ecological restoration has achieved remarkable results. From 2012 to 2018, a total of 246,000 mu of barren hills were afforested, with an average annual afforestation of 37,000 mu, 204,000 mu of returning farmland to forests and 245,000 mu of walnut base construction. By the end of 2018, there were 1,603,700 mu of forest land in the whole region, and the forest coverage rate increased to 33.7%. It is estimated that the forest coverage rate will reach 38% by the end of 2019.

Photo courtesy of Dongchuan District Forestry and Grassland Bureau

　　Today, the bare peaks in Dongchuan District are long gone, and the trees on both sides of the road are dense, clean and tall. The mountains are green, the sky is blue, the water is blue, and the green mountains and green hills have also brought real Jinshan Yinshan to the people. The ecological dividend is benefiting the local people, and the villagers’ days are getting more and more prosperous.

　　Walking into Xindianfang Village, Tuobuka Town, Dongchuan, the small saplings all over the mountains attract attention, and the economic crops such as navel orange, soft-seeded pomegranate and pepper grow gratifying, which is a vivid exploration and practice of developing the under-forest economic model in Dongchuan at present. Combine returning farmland to forests, economic planting under forests and large-scale cooperatives to achieve the greatest combination of ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits.

Photo courtesy of Dongchuan District Propaganda Department

　　Now Xindianfang Village has planted 400 mu of soft-seeded pomegranate and 500 mu of navel orange. The first batch of 200 acres of navel oranges have all borne fruit, and the estimated economic income is more than 300,000 yuan. Next year, the soft-seeded pomegranate will bear fruit officially, and the estimated economic income is more than 200,000 yuan. The two industries have become the pillar industries of Xindian Fangcun, which have brought protection to the economic benefits of farmers in the later period.

　　"Now this blue sky is full of green hills, with clear rivers and fish as companions, and forests all over the mountains and rivers. Birds are singing freely in the forest, and cattle and sheep have found the grass mountain. We sow hope and weave a green shirt for our hometown … …” The green dream of Dongchuan people has come true.

China Net/China Development Portal Network News Environmental pollution has always been an important content of national economic development and the realization of reform and innovation goals. From the source of emissions, industrial pollutants are an important part of pollution emissions. At the same time, heavy pollution industry is the main source of industrial pollutant discharge, which has a huge negative externality to the ecological environment system. Therefore, it is very important to explore the eco-environmental effects of industrial agglomeration from the perspective of heavily polluting industries.

There is trans-regional migration of industry in space, which is essentially to seek the optimal production location. With the increase of production costs, enterprises seeking to maximize profits will constantly move to adapt to the more complex market environment. Industries that bring serious negative externalities to the ecological environment are more sensitive to environmental policies, and are more vulnerable to changes in environmental policies that lead to industrial transfer. Usually, economically developed countries or regions will transfer such industries to areas with relatively backward economic development through production, investment and trade. Strictly speaking, the transfer of polluting industries comes from both international and domestic regions. The existing evidence shows that some polluting industries in China are transferring to the central and western regions. The industrial undertaking places have to bear the negative externalities of environmental pollution caused by industrial transfer while undertaking heavily polluting industries, so the spatial agglomeration of heavily polluting industries will reshape the spatial layout of industrial pollutants and become an important factor affecting regional environmental policies. Because the inter-regional flow of heavily polluting industries is an important reason that affects the regional pollutant discharge, it is very important to understand the influencing factors and driving mechanisms of the transfer of heavily polluting industries for correctly understanding the international or domestic industrial transfer that has taken place, adjusting the ecological environment protection policies of various regions (especially the central and western regions), and realizing the vision of a beautiful China with sustainable development.

At present, the analysis of environmental pollution effect brought by industrial transfer is relatively mature in academic circles, and the focus of discussion is on the hypothesis of "pollution refuge" and the empirical analysis of environmental Kuznets curve. Among them, foreign research mainly focuses on the national and industrial analysis scales, while domestic research mainly focuses on the provincial and municipal scales, and the industrial level research needs to be further improved. On the whole, the research on the agglomeration of pollution-intensive enterprises and its environmental effects has achieved rich results, but it is still very important to identify the agglomeration of heavily polluted industries and its environmental effects from a macro perspective, which is of great significance to analyze the agglomeration and transfer of industries from a macro scale, the preference of enterprises for migration and the environmental pollution of industrial undertaking areas from a micro scale. Therefore, under the background of constrained resource development, tightening environmental protection policies and slowing economic growth, it is of great significance to scientifically plan the transfer trend of heavily polluted industries and clarify the spatial agglomeration characteristics of heavily polluted industries to adjust the layout of major productive forces, comprehensively divide the main functional areas of each region, improve the ecosystem value of each region, efficiently deploy strategically around the overall national goal, and realize high-quality development of the whole region. This study focuses on three points: ① identifying the spatial distribution and agglomeration characteristics of heavily polluted industries in China in the past 20 years; (2) analyze the main factors that promote the agglomeration of heavily polluted industries, and whether the production cost (factor endowment), environmental regulation and foreign direct investment have promoted the agglomeration of heavily polluted industries in the central and western regions; ③ Analysis in the process of transferring heavily polluting industries,The transfer of pollutant discharge and whether the environmental pollution problems derived from the transfer of heavily polluting industries in the future are likely to continue to deteriorate.

Heavy pollution industry and its environmental effect analysis data set

Heavy pollution industry data set

This study collected the industrial economic data of China from 1999 to 2021, and the data came from the Statistical Yearbook of Industrial Economy of China. The types of industries involved in industrial economic data are detailed in Schedule 1 and Schedule 2. Among them, the extractive industry in 2004, the production and supply of electricity, heat, gas and water, and the lack of industrial economic data in 2017 are supplemented by the method of average filling.

At present, there is no strict and clear definition of heavy pollution industry, but most scholars mainly follow the environmental protection certification standards issued by government departments. The Guide to Environmental Information Disclosure of Listed Companies published by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment shows that heavily polluting industries mainly involve thermal power, steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum, coal, metallurgy, chemicals, petrochemicals, building materials, paper making, brewing, pharmaceuticals, fermentation, textiles, tanning and mining. In this study, the situation of heavily polluting industries in the industrial industry is defined with reference to the Catalogue of Classified Management of Environmental Verification Industries of Listed Companies (Huanban Letter [2008] No.373) issued by the former Ministry of Environmental Protection (Attached Tables 1 and 2).

Environmental pollution data set

Heavy pollution discharge is divided into waste water, waste gas and industrial solid waste according to pollution sources. Considering the consistency and consistency of data, some data in this study are used as substitute variables for robustness test to enhance the reliability of empirical results. Among them, the data of wastewater, waste gas and solid waste come from China Statistical Yearbook and China Environmental Statistical Yearbook; The data of environmental regulation, economic development level, market share, industrial structure and factor cost come from China Statistical Yearbook. The data of technological innovation (mainly focusing on R&D expenditure) comes from the Statistical Bulletin of National Science and Technology Expenditure published by the National Bureau of Statistics. The description and descriptive statistical results of the data are detailed in Schedule 3.

Measurement and empirical analysis of heavily polluting enterprises in China

Agglomeration characteristics of heavily polluting industries

By depicting the spatial distribution of the gross output value of heavily polluted industries in China in 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015 and 2021 (Figure 1), it is found that the heavily polluted industries in China obviously spread from east to west and from coastal to inland. On the whole, the spatial hierarchical structure is obvious, and there are peak-shifting characteristics in coastal provinces, central regions and northwest inland areas. Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong have always been the gathering highlands of heavily polluting industries, while the heavily polluting enterprises in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Sichuan have obvious development momentum and are potential new gathering areas of heavily polluting industries in the future.

From the spatial distribution map of heavily polluted industries in China from 1999 to 2021, we can see the development, transfer and diffusion trend of heavily polluted industries in the past 20 years. In 1999, the output value of heavily polluting industries in coastal provinces was significantly higher than that in other regions; Until 2007, Shandong, Jiangsu and Guangdong became areas with obvious concentration of heavily polluting industries. Since then, heavily polluting enterprises have gradually spread to Zhejiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan and other places. Around 2011, Sichuan and Inner Mongolia became the gathering highlands of heavy pollution industries in inland areas, and at the same time, heavy pollution industries further spread to Shanxi, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and other central regions. After 2015, Shaanxi, Gansu, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan have become the undertaking places and potential development areas for the transfer of heavily polluting industries. By the end of 2021, the heavily polluting industries in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia have grown rapidly, and the output value of heavily polluting industries in Sichuan, Shanxi, Hubei and Anhui has been increasing. On the whole, the development of heavy pollution industry in Northeast China is relatively backward, which is related to the development history and related policies in Northeast China to some extent.

Influencing factors and mechanism of heavy pollution industry agglomeration in China

　influencing factor

This study holds that the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries is the result of industrial transfer and industrialization. The transfer of heavily polluting industries in China is essentially a change in the location choice of heavily polluting industries in China, and enterprises need to consider factor costs and regional acceptance policies. Due to the influence of heavily polluting industries on environmental pollution, local environmental policies usually need to be considered in the location selection of enterprises. The "pollution refuge" hypothesis holds that pollution-intensive industries tend to move to countries or regions with relatively low environmental access standards (environmental regulations). This hypothesis also has limitations, such as freedom of trade, law of one price, and differences in environmental regulations among countries or regions. Although there are trade barriers and transportation costs in reality, the (no) risk arbitrage mechanism between countries or regions makes the actual price level basically conform to the law of one price principle. When the product price is clear, the production cost (factor endowment) will affect the production location of the industry, and then affect the direction and region of industrial transfer; When other conditions are basically the same, areas with lower environmental access standards (environmental regulations) will become the main destinations for the transfer of polluting industries.

Therefore, this study focuses on the influence of production cost (factor endowment), environmental regulation and foreign direct investment on heavily polluted industrial agglomeration, taking them as the core explanatory variables of the model, and taking economic development level, market share, industrial structure and technological innovation as control variables. In order to verify whether the environmental Kuznets curve is established at the provincial level, the square term of economic development level is introduced to test.

　Agglomeration mechanism

Production cost (factor endowment) factor. On the whole, it has the strongest influence on the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries among the core explanatory variables. Mining, smelting and processing industries of mineral resources such as coal, oil, metal and nonmetal account for a relatively large proportion in heavily polluted industries, and the resource-intensive orientation of such heavily polluted industries is obvious. Compensatory wages make the wage level of such heavily polluted industries higher, which may lead to a certain synchronization between high labor costs and heavily polluted industries. At the same time, although the preferred areas for heavily polluting industries have the advantages of intensive labor force and low production cost, heavily polluting enterprises will also comprehensively consider the economic development level, transportation infrastructure construction and supporting policies in the areas where they move. Only when the above conditions reach a certain level, the wage level will get more consideration, so the wage level of some moving areas does not have too much advantage in the alternative moving areas of heavily polluting industries.

Environmental regulatory factors. It is not significant when the individual effect is fixed, but it is positively related to industrial agglomeration when the time effect is fixed. The "pollution refuge" effect at the provincial scale is not significant on the long-term scale, which means it is difficult to support the "pollution refuge" hypothesis. With the increasing emphasis of local governments on ecological environmental protection and environmental protection, the differences of environmental policies among regions have gradually decreased, and the transfer strategy of heavily polluting industries seeking lower environmental regulations has gradually failed.

Factors of foreign direct investment. Its impact on the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries is not significant, which shows that the transfer of heavily polluting industries mainly occurs at the provincial level, and the scale of heavily polluting industries at the international level is small.

Economic development level, market share and industrial structure factors. It has a very significant effect on the agglomeration of heavily polluted industries. This is basically consistent with the traditional mainstream views of industrial location theory, industry and regional economy.

Technological innovation factors. It is only significant when the time is fixed. It shows that there is a positive correlation between long-term technology investment and R&D and heavy pollution industrial agglomeration, which is inseparable from potential industrial transformation and industrial upgrading. At the same time, it also reflects the shift of technology investment in heavily polluting industries, which may be closely related to the upgrading of mining technology, industrial chain and even environmental protection investment in resource-based areas.

Environmental effects of heavily polluting industrial agglomeration

The influence of heavy pollution industrial agglomeration on local environmental pollution, that is, whether heavy pollution industrial agglomeration causes significant environmental pollution in the moving area.

　Core variable

This study focuses on the influence of two core variables, the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries and environmental regulation, on environmental pollution.

Heavy polluting industries have significantly increased the emission of environmental pollutants. There is a nonlinear relationship between heavily polluting industries and environmental pollution, in which the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries has an "inverted U" relationship with the total amount of industrial waste gas and the amount of industrial solid waste, and the pollutant emissions show a trend of rising first and then falling with the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries.

Environmental regulation has not yet played a role in reducing pollutant emissions at the provincial level. There is a significant positive correlation between environmental regulation and the total discharge of industrial wastewater, industrial waste gas and industrial solid waste. In the future, it is still necessary to continue to deepen the concept of environmental protection policy and ecological governance, and improve the intensity of environmental protection and environmental regulation.

　Other factors

Technological innovation. It has played a role in reducing pollutant emissions. By adopting cleaner, more efficient and more sustainable emission reduction and pollution reduction technology, the total discharge of industrial wastewater and the total production of industrial solid waste in heavily polluted industries can be effectively reduced.

Foreign direct investment. It is only significant to reduce the output of industrial solid waste in heavily polluted industries. It shows that foreign-funded enterprises may bring more environmental protection concepts and advanced technologies to the industries that discharge solid waste.

The level of regional economic development. There is a significant positive correlation with pollutant emissions. With the increase of per capita gross domestic product (GDP), pollutant emissions will gradually increase, which is basically consistent with the theory of environmental economics.

Market share (specifically the total GDP). There is a negative correlation with pollutant discharge (except industrial wastewater discharge). This is because the market share is related to the economic structure, and the development level of service industry is higher and the proportion of tertiary industry is larger in areas with higher GDP, which is also confirmed by the correlation between the results and the coefficients of industrial structure variables.

Industrial structure. There is a significant positive correlation with pollutant emissions. Pollutant discharge is usually related to industrial activities. The higher the output value of the secondary industry, the more pollutants will be discharged, so the industrial structure variable (the output value of the secondary industry) is significantly positively correlated with pollutant discharge.

Main conclusions

This study systematically combs the agglomeration and spatial distribution of heavily polluted industries in China in the past 20 years, analyzes the influencing factors and agglomeration mechanism of heavily polluted industries through the panel data fixed effect model, and studies the environmental effects of heavily polluted industries agglomeration, and draws the following four main conclusions.

The agglomeration characteristics of heavily polluted industries are consistent with the overall trend of international and domestic industrial transfer, and there is an obvious diffusion trend from east to west and from coastal to inland. Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong are the areas with high concentration of heavily polluted industries in China in the past 20 years, while Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Sichuan are the potential areas for the future concentration of heavily polluted industries.

The results of fixed effect model show that factor endowment, environmental regulation, economic development level, market share and industrial structure are the key factors affecting the development of heavily polluted industries. Among them, the production cost (factor endowment) is positively related to the development of heavily polluted industries. It is difficult to find the relevant evidence to support the "pollution shelter" hypothesis on the provincial scale. However, the technological innovation that only has a significant impact on the development of heavily polluted industries in a long time scale may reveal the shift of potential technology investment, which promotes the industrial upgrading and transformation of heavily polluted industries in China.

The test of labor cost and regional robustness reveals the driving mechanism and regional heterogeneity of the development of heavily polluted industries in China. The nonlinear relationship test of production cost (factor endowment) shows that there is an "inverted U" relationship between labor cost and the development of heavily polluted industries in China. Influenced by industrial types and compensatory wages, the development of heavily polluting industries in China has increased the labor cost in the areas where they moved in, but the excessive labor cost has promoted the further transfer of heavily polluting industries. Regional heterogeneity reveals the gradient characteristics of heavy pollution industry transfer in China, that is, the eastern part of China is the main position to undertake international heavy pollution industry, and the international heavy pollution industry seeks areas with lower labor costs, which leads to the eastern part becoming a "pollution refuge" for international heavy pollution industry transfer. It is more obvious that the heavily polluting industries in the central region seek low labor costs and resource-rich areas. The "inverted U" relationship between the labor cost and the development of heavily polluting industries in the western region is remarkable. The heavily polluting industries in Northeast China are more affected by their own industrial base and international industrial transfer, and grow slowly.

The environmental effect of heavy pollution industry agglomeration is remarkable, which significantly increases the emissions of industrial wastewater, waste gas and solid waste, and increases the emissions of pollutants. Although there is an obvious nonlinear relationship between the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries and environmental pollution ("inverted U" relationship, that is, the emission of environmental pollutants and the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries rise first and then fall), the results of this study cannot support the conclusion that environmental regulation can reduce the emission of pollutants. More importantly, the environmental Kuznets curve on the provincial scale in China is not established, and many provinces have not reached the inflection point of environmental pollution at present.

Research enlightenment

From an empirical point of view, this study analyzes the influencing factors and environmental effects of heavy pollution industry agglomeration, and the enlightenment to China’s adjustment of heavy pollution industry layout and introduction of environmental regulation and protection policies is as follows.

Spatial concentration of economic activities is conducive to reducing environmental pollution emissions. In order to improve the spatial concentration of heavily polluting industries and reduce the pollution to the ecological environment, local governments should conform to the trend of the development of heavily polluting industries, reserve planned industrial cluster parks and support corresponding infrastructure, and centrally arrange heavily polluting industrial clusters.

When guiding and undertaking the development of heavily polluting industries, governments in different regions should formulate different policy orientations. ① Eastern region. We should pay attention to unified planning at regional scale, raise the threshold of environmental policy at the same time, strengthen the regional control of pollutant discharge from heavily polluting industries, reduce the "pollution refuge" effect, promote the orderly reduction of pollution discharge in the whole eastern region, and take the lead in building a model area of beautiful China. ② Central and western regions. We should give full play to our own characteristics and advantages, make full use of low-cost advantages, scientifically introduce relevant heavily polluting industries when our own resources and environment carrying capacity allow, build high-quality heavily polluting industrial clusters, guide the rational layout of heavily polluting industries, and promote the transformation and technological upgrading of heavily polluting industries after moving in; At the same time, improve the supervision and management mechanism of heavily polluting industries before, during and after the event as soon as possible, and avoid taking the old road of "pollution first and then treatment". ③ Northeast China. It is necessary to strengthen the transformation and upgrading of heavily polluting industries, enhance the competitiveness of industries, fully tap and give play to the advantages of existing industrial bases, and realize regional revitalization through industrial upgrading and transformation.

Pay attention to the ecological environment protection in ecologically fragile areas, do a good job in policy avoidance programs, and reduce the ecological environment pressure of the development of heavily polluting industries. The government should pay attention to the more serious environmental pollution problems arising from the transfer of heavily polluting industries to ecologically fragile areas such as Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, and local governments need to adopt more forward-looking macro-control policies to deal with potential environmental pollution risks. In a word, all regions should adopt targeted industrial guidance and pollution response strategies according to local conditions, reduce the degree of environmental pollution while developing industries and revitalizing the economy as much as possible, and make joint efforts to build a beautiful China.

(author:Chen Hongyang, Yu Jianhui and Zhang Wenzhong, Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Analysis and Simulation of China Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Resources and Environment, University;Contributed by Journal of China Academy of Sciences)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Wuhan, December 1st　Title: A tree, a grass, a steelyard — — In memory of Shen Yinluo, former chairman of Hubei Provincial Political Consultative Conference (I)

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Tan Yuanbin

　　On February 20th this year, Shen Yinluo, former chairman of Hubei Provincial Political Consultative Conference, died in Wuhan due to illness at the age of 96. From setting foot on the battlefield of anti-Japanese national salvation, to leading WISCO to create brilliance, and then to taking the leadership position in Hubei Province, I was unwilling to publicize my Shen Yinluo all my life, but after my death, it caused strong repercussions in Jingchu.

　　"He doesn’t care about his family, but only knows how to work." Shen Yinluo’s widow Cao Junmin said. In the living room of Shenyang, there are two bottles of earth under the portrait of Shen Yinluo, which were brought back by Shen Yinluo’s niece from Yan ‘an, Shaanxi and Wuxian, Jiangsu. One bottle is "holy earth" and the other is "native land".

　　Red gene, green heritage. Shen Yinluo struggled for the cause of the party and the people all his life, and was deeply cherished and commemorated by the broad masses of cadres and people, leaving a valuable spiritual wealth. Hubei Provincial Party Committee is carrying out learning activities from Shen Yinluo among cadres in party member.

　　He is like a tree, "insisting that the green hills will not relax."

　　In 1937, 17-year-old Shen Yinluo left his hometown and set foot on the battlefield of resisting Japan and saving the nation. He arrived in Yan ‘an in 1938 and joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the same year. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he participated in the "Hundred Regiments War"; During the War of Liberation, he participated in the "Central Plains Breakthrough".

　　After the founding of New China, Shen Yinluo successively held leadership positions in the 41st Army of the People’s Liberation Army and Wuhan Iron and Steel Company, and later held important leadership positions in Hubei Provincial Committee and Hubei Provincial Political Consultative Conference.

　　From March 1961 to October 1982, Shen Yinluo worked in WISCO for 21 years and 7 months, and served as deputy manager and manager, deputy director and director of the company’s revolutionary Committee, second secretary and manager of the company’s party Committee, and first secretary of the party Committee. When I first arrived in WISCO, it coincided with three years of natural disasters. The Soviet Union terminated aid construction and withdrew experts, and a large number of projects in WISCO stopped construction and production. Shen Yinluo was ordered by the crisis to bring the army’s good tradition and style into WISCO and lead WISCO on the right track.

　　Cao Junmin still remembers that during the Cultural Revolution, although Shen Yinluo was repeatedly hit, he never complained in front of his family. At that time, he put forward a slogan: "WISCO can’t be chaotic, the stove can’t be turned off, and production can’t stop."

　　It is Shen Yinluo’s greatest contribution to WISCO to implement the central government’s decision to deploy and introduce a 1.7-meter rolling mill. Previously, the quality of steel produced in China was not high, which was called "noodles" and "belts". High-end products such as strip steel, sheet steel and silicon steel are totally dependent on imports, which not only costs a lot of foreign exchange, but also is blocked by developed countries.

　　As the general representative of Chinese technical negotiation, Shen Yinluo spared no effort to overcome all difficulties and won the contract. Subsequently, as the main leader of the engineering headquarters, he led a hundred thousand construction troops to participate in the battle.

　　At the end of 1981, the 1.7-meter rolling mill project passed the national acceptance and was officially put into production. It has changed the structure of steel products in China and become a model for China to introduce and digest international advanced technology.

　　During his tenure as an important leader of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee and the Hubei Provincial Political Consultative Conference, Shen Yinluo was strict with himself and worked hard for the cause of the party and the people. After retiring, Shen Yinluo always cares about the development of Hubei, actively exerts the waste heat, and makes suggestions. The day before his death, his eyesight was severely impaired, and he asked his secretary to read him the new Central Document No.1.

　　It is the lofty ideals and beliefs of communist party people that support Shen Yinluo. "In Shen Lao, we have seen the political quality of a party member cadre with firm belief and infinite loyalty to the party." Liu Yanhong, deputy director of the Organization Department of Hubei Provincial Party Committee and director of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres, said.

　　He is like a grass, rooted in the soil of the people.

　　"Come on, Yin Shi, I’ll give you some rice!" For more than 40 years, Chen Yinshi, an associate professor at the Party School of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company, still remembers this call. That year, as an ordinary young worker, he had a meeting with a group of WISCO personnel such as Shen Yinluo in Beijing. At lunch, everyone crowded around a big round table for dinner, with Chen Yinshi sitting in the corner and Shen Yinluo sitting opposite him. "I was just about to get up and add rice. Manager Shen stood up and naturally reached for the bowl."

　　Keeping close contact with the masses, Shen Yinluo persisted all his life. Wang Guolian, a retired cadre of WISCO, said that Shen Lao’s memory is very good. He can remember the names of great families after one or two contacts, and the workers are willing to tell him anything.

　　A bicycle, a yellow military satchel, a notebook and a pen, Shen Yinluo’s footprints are all over Shili Steel City and Baili Mine of WISCO. He ate, lived and worked with the workers for several months, jumping into slag pits, moving ore, eating cold meals, and working hard and dirty.

　　When he goes to factories and mines to check production, he always goes to the canteen to have a look, telling the logistics staff to arrange the food, saying, "There is steel in the food, and the workers can only concentrate on refining steel when they are full."

　　After retiring, he went deep into grassroots research, including running in the countryside for 102 days in 2002, reaching the junction of Hubei and Shaanxi as far as possible.

　　Putting the masses in a prominent position, Shen Yinluo is consistent. Last year, Shen Yinluo, as a veteran of the Anti-Japanese War, won the medal for the 70th anniversary of the victory of China people’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and a 5000-yuan solatium. He immediately entrusted the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres of Hubei Provincial Party Committee to transfer solatium to the needy people in the old revolutionary base areas. In the end, the solatium was divided into two parts, which were sent to Min Xinzhou and Zhao Zhiliang, martyrs of the Red Army in Hong ‘an County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province.

　　"He left before he met the benefactor!" Min Xinzhou said. Min Xinzhou fell from the sky last year, and his spine was injured, so he couldn’t work. His lover suffered from mental illness and couldn’t take care of himself. "Shen Lao’s financial assistance is to help us tide over the difficulties."

　　When the staff of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres of Hubei Provincial Party Committee helped to sort out Shen Yinluo’s relics, they found 106 donation receipts in an envelope, many of which were donated in the name of Cao Junmin, with a total amount of more than 140,000 yuan, but the donations without receipts were unknown.

　　"Shen Lao always has the masses in his heart." Wang Shengtie, former chairman of the Hubei Provincial Political Consultative Conference, who was in charge of agricultural work in the province, said that seeing good experiences in newspapers and periodicals involved the interests of farmers. Mr. Shen wrote them in strokes and sent them to him by letter. "I have worked in the provincial government, provincial party Committee and provincial political consultative conference for 11 years, and I received a publication sent by Shen Lao at least once a month on average."

　　He is like a steelyard, and he has a good style of seeking truth and being pragmatic.

　　"On September 5, at 6: 40 in the morning, I visited the vegetable wholesale and retail markets and found that the price difference between wholesale and retail was 50% to 100%. The wholesale price of Chinese cabbage is 0.20 yuan/kg and the retail price is 0.40 yuan/kg; Chili pepper wholesale 0.80 yuan/kg, retail after classification 1.6 yuan/kg; The retail price of eggplant is 1.50 yuan/kg. Exotic vegetables come from Henan. " This is a note on people’s feelings written by Shen Yinluo in 1996, when he retired.

　　Touching the truth, telling the truth, making practical moves and seeking practical results, Shen Yinluo opposes formalism and emphasizes seeking truth and being pragmatic. Chen Ming, his last secretary, said that Shen Lao was most disgusted with cadres who spoke Mandarin but failed to take practical actions.

　　At the end of the 20th century, Hubei Province once took over the farm management right, which triggered a series of problems such as farmers’ petition, and the farm directors, local leaders and ordinary people were very anxious. At that time, Shen Yinluo, who was over 80 years old, conducted research on this and spent more than 120 days traveling to all provincial state-owned farms in the province.

　　After the investigation, he wrote a report to the Hubei Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government. After in-depth study, the Hubei Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government re-delegated the farm management right and mobilized the local enthusiasm.

　　"Shen Lao knows all about some major construction at the grassroots level, the planning in the province, the strategic layout of the country, and the resource characteristics of various cities and States. Even the places he visited decades ago are clear to him." Chen Ming said.

　　Shen Yinluo gave suggestions to the Hubei Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government. If you are not sure, you will definitely consult relevant experts and cadres first to find out the situation. Every time he goes out for research, he takes notes carefully.

　　"He is such a person who is strict with himself with the standards of Communist party member everywhere." Cao Junmin said.

　　[Domestic spy photos] A few days ago, we obtained the brand-new declaration information from Lifan, and the car was internally code-named "CY02C" or positioned in a car. According to the rear picture, the new car may be named "Lifan Pengfei".

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　　　Friendly reminder:I hope enthusiastic netizens can take photos of your new car spy photos and send them to our corresponding mailbox: diezhao@autohome.com.cn. I look forward to hearing from you and becoming a member of the "spy".

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　　According to the declaration, the appearance of the new car adopts Lifan’s latest family-style design language, and the hexagonal large mouth air intake grille and open-corner headlight group on the front face are both popular designs. At the same time, the lower bumper is tough, the fog lights on both sides are simple in design, and the overall front face style is very attractive. From the side, the B, C and D columns of the new car are blackened to create the visual effect of the suspended roof. The rear design of the car body is simple, and the silver anti-scratch guard under the bumper is surrounded by the black bottom around the car body, which makes the car look as wild as an SUV.

　　The body size of the new car is 4390/1820/1715mm, which is 2610mm, and the size is close to the entry compact SUV. According to different vehicle configurations, the new car will be equipped with tires with specifications of 215/60 R17 and 225/55 R18, and a variety of rim shapes will be available. In addition, the new car will also be equipped with skylights, etc.

　　In terms of power, Lifan Pengfei will be equipped with a 2.0L naturally aspirated model LF483Q with a maximum of 141 horsepower (104kW). According to the spy photos previously exposed, the new car transmission system will be manual and optional. (Text/car home zhang xiaodan)