Awesome! In 2020, China will welcome the space year to open the space station era.

  "China Space Station will surpass Mir Space Station in terms of functions, application benefits, construction technology, material replenishment and other important indicators, reaching or approaching the level of the International Space Station; We will surpass the level of the International Space Station in terms of information technology, energy technology, power technology and operational cost-effectiveness. " Academician Zhou Jianping, the chief designer of China’s manned spaceflight project, revealed at the 4th Chinese Project Summit Forum.

  At the same time, Shanguang Chen, chairman of the forum, pointed out: "With the support of the Human Factors Engineering Section, China Space Station will definitely provide a warm space home for China astronauts and world astronauts, and make original achievements in Chinese."

  Although human factors engineering is a strange scientific field to the public, four human factors engineering conferences have been held, each time releasing heavy signals and memorable news.

  People are full of infinite imagination about the coming year of 2020 — — The space station era is coming, and the space year is coming!

  Do astronauts drink their own urine in the sky?

  Regenerative life support system is a sign of long-term residence.

  "Urine may be a waste on the ground, but it is a resource in the sky." Wu Zhiqiang, deputy chief designer of the space station system, said a lot of advanced terms before. When he said this sentence, laymen were shocked — — Do astronauts drink their own urine in the sky?

  The ancients said "not dirty and unclean". With the development of science and technology, it seems that the time has come to subvert our "three views".

  Since Shenzhou 5 Yang Liwei went to heaven, China entered the era of manned space flight, supported by the first generation of life support system. Later, every time Shenzhou went to heaven, it would go to a higher level in terms of human security. By the last Shenzhou XI, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong spent 33 days cruising in space, showing their fashionable life of drinking tea and keeping fit in space to the people of the whole country.

  Next, China enters the space station stage. What’s the difference?

  Astronauts will stay in the space station for up to 180 days! As in previous times, it’s no good just bringing food, drink and oxygen. Although we have supporting cargo ship support, the cost of launching once is too high, and the life support system must be upgraded — — Physical and chemical regeneration life support system came into being.

  "Machines should serve people." This sentence that Shanguang Chen often emphasized is believed to be our common belief, but in fact, with the continuous progress of technology, human beings have become more and more dependent on and worshipped machines, and gradually forgot their original intentions.

  There is no denying that the man who created the machine is really great, and so is the machine. For example, Chang ‘e-1 to Chang ‘e-4 are exploring the moon for Chinese now, and next year’s Mars rover will help us to find out where the imagination of many generations has been entrusted. Machines have been opening up territory for us.

  But machines can never replace people. People are uncertain, at the same time, people are irreplaceable factors. When people face new things and complex problems in person, their emotions, communicative thinking and comprehensive decision-making ability are beyond the reach of machines, which is the greatest driving force for science.

  The summit forum on human factors engineering has been held for four years in a row. In four different cities, a large number of old academicians, old scientists, generals, lieutenant generals, chief engineers, deputy chief engineers and male and female astronauts are gathered every time. Recently, Wang Jian and Mao Ming, new academicians under great fame, have attended many meetings.

  Why do so many famous scientists and designers of big countries attach so much importance to human factors engineering?

  Perhaps, as China Space Station opens its doors to astronauts and scientists all over the world, human factors engineering will also be unveiled and truly understood by the public. The original research results produced by space research will serve our lives more and more.

  With the construction of the space station, how to run the materialized regenerative life support system for long-term space flight reliably and efficiently has become the best example to explain human factors engineering.

  Regenerative life support is a key sign system for astronauts from short-term flight to long-term in-orbit stay.

  This environmental control and life support system not only collects and transforms people’s sweat and urine in the system, but also aims at establishing people’s living environment to ensure people to work efficiently and comfortably. In other words, the creative design practice of this system is all around people, serving people to eat, drink, sleep and work in a closed spacecraft.

  "Regenerative life insurance technology is very complicated and is called a worldwide problem. It can be seen from the development process in the United States and Russia that the technology is very difficult and the investment is very large. " Wu Zhiqiang introduced that the development cost of a water treatment system on the US space station was 200 million US dollars. The International Space Station has been built for more than 10 years, and the regenerative life support system really only took five or six years.

  Why are the United States and Russia so willing to invest money in this system?

  Because according to their calculations, it costs 40,000-50,000 dollars to transport 1 kg of material to the orbit of the International Space Station, and 1 g of water is basically equivalent to the value of gold. "Of course, this is just water, and it also needs containers for water. Together, the economic cost is even greater." However, people generally need more than two kilograms of water a day, which is enough for three to six astronauts to spend six months to more than one year. It can be said that they are constantly burning money.

  The International Space Station has spent more than 100 billion dollars. It is a challenge for China to make the design and management of the space station better and realize the pursuit of science and technology at less cost. Only by doing this can we be a sustainable development way.

  This is the task of Wu Zhiqiang. Chinese has always had a big brain.

  When astronauts are studied as the core of system engineering, they become very close to ordinary people. Everyone excretes 1.6 kilograms of urine and 1.7 kilograms of sweat a day, and there is water in the stool. Recycling water is the foundation. In addition, water contains oxygen, which can also be obtained by water electrolysis. In addition, the amount of carbon dioxide produced by people in breathing is 1 kg per day. These wastes should be returned to their respective places, recycled in different treatment systems, and finally converted into available resources in the space capsule. In the future, the cargo spacecraft can carry a basic amount, and the cost is greatly reduced.

  "Reclaimed water, in a sense, is a kind of water produced in orbit. It is extracted from waste. In order to ensure people’s life and health, it must strictly meet medical requirements. " Popular science in Wu Zhiqiang has given the public a fact that if we want to travel around space, we also need to reuse the urine of the converted cabin personnel.

  It must be said that when human beings look at the vast space, they deeply feel that it is extremely vast and has no boundaries. When human beings look at themselves, simply eating, drinking and sleeping is actually an extremely precise and borderless field. However, the study of ourselves determines how far we can go if we leave the land under our feet.

  "This system has the most manned characteristics, and it is also an important symbol to distinguish manned spacecraft from unmanned spacecraft." Wu Zhiqiang’s task is ordinary in words, but it is a multi-system interdisciplinary subject in practice.

  It can be seen that the parents of this body are naturally enjoying their own bodies, but they don’t realize that this is the greatest machine and there is endless room for exploration.

  This system, which was previously hidden behind the spacecraft, is coming into people’s field of vision when astronauts are about to stay in space for a long time and are planning to go to the moon and Mars.

  However, what if such precious recycling equipment breaks down in case it is used? This involves a typical human factor problem — — On-orbit maintenance of space equipment.

  Even maintenance is also human.

  The life of the space station is not only built, but also repaired.

  "After the completion of the China Space Station, we will use the operation of astronauts and the cooperation of mechanical arms to transfer the solar wing to this position to improve the working efficiency of solar wing batteries. This is a very complicated on-orbit operation. If China astronauts do this, I think we will reach the same level of extravehicular operation as the International Space Station. " Zhou Jianping pointed out the design of China Space Station and explained it to everyone.

  In the weightless environment, astronauts leave the cabin, transfer and repair equipment. The scene of astronauts working in harsh space environment in American movies is vivid. Many fans expect China to enter the era of space station, just to see that Chinese can do such a difficult job. The scene described by Zhou Jianping is not only difficult, but also proves the strength and ability of the China astronauts, which is exciting to think about.

  Zhou Jianping used the space station as an example. At that time, the design life of the Soviet Union’s Mir space station was only five years. Because of the participation of some people, the Mir space station continued until 1999. Because the Russian operation and maintenance cost was unbearable, it was derailed. Similarly, there is no active participation in the current International Space Station, and it is impossible to maintain this state.

  It seems that the life of the space capsule is not only made, but also repaired.

  Zhou Jianping reveals the secret — —

  This time, our telescope will also be in the earth’s orbit, with a magnificent name, called "Sky Survey". Compared with Hubble telescope, the field of view of the survey telescope is more than 300 times larger, but the resolution is comparable. It can fly in common orbit with China Space Station. When the space station needs to replenish it, the astronauts need to repair it, or the equipment needs to be upgraded, it can dock on the space station, and the astronauts will leave after the necessary operations, and then continue to fly in common orbit.

  In the past, if satellites were launched out of control, they would lose hundreds of millions or even billions, and they would also become space junk suspended in orbit. But in the future, there will be onboard engineers in the spacecraft who can capture these satellites for maintenance. There are also some satellites that have expired, and we can also replace them for maintenance to increase their life.

  As we all know, it is a breeze for us to twist a screwdriver on the ground, not to mention the load engineer and the astronaut from the Air Force. However, under the threat of extravehicular cosmic rays and flying rocks, astronauts must wear spacesuits as hard and heavy as a small spacecraft, and clumsy gloves make it very difficult to hold things. Therefore, the maintenance in the sky is mostly modular and integrated.

  Just like children putting together Lego, even if it is a problem of a line or a screw, a whole module should be replaced to ensure safety and efficiency.

  Shanguang Chen said that the on-orbit operation of the space station will reach more than 10 years, and there are many equipments including spacesuits and regenerative life support systems, which can greatly prolong the on-orbit service life and reduce the transportation cost through maintenance and parts replacement. How to ensure the quality of maintenance and improve the efficiency of maintenance should fully consider human capacity, space constraints, tool constraints and other human factors.

  In just a few words, everyone has realized the arduous task of astronauts and load engineers in the Heavenly Palace in the future, not only to bear the test of weightlessness on the body, but also to do scientific experiments; It is necessary to observe both outer space and the earth from high altitude; It is necessary to go to the cargo ship to carry goods, to repair and overhaul the space station outside the cabin, and to launch micro-satellites to repair the survey telescope that is docked in parallel.

  After Zhai Zhigang leaves the cabin and waves the national flag, future China astronauts will walk out of the cabin door more and more to work hard for our aircraft!

  Half a year ago, NASA announced an Artemis project, that is, the United States won the moon again in 2024, and female astronauts will complete the moon landing. People invariably focus their eyes on Wang Yaping, the heroine of China.

  When Shenzhou-10 was flying, as a space teacher, she gave a popular science class to primary and middle school students in the narrow cabin of Tiangong-1. The opening rate of the video at that time reached 1 billion times. If China can’t land on the moon immediately, it is certain that there will be female astronauts who will stay in the Tiangong for a long time in the near future and conduct scientific experiments in the core cabin and experimental cabin.

  Wang Yaping’s appearance embodies the beauty of China’s classical beauties and the heroic posture of female soldiers, and her figure is tall and slim. People can’t help feeling pity for jade: how can such a slender woman carry heavy maintenance tasks?

  This requires ergonomics to design auxiliary equipment that is more suitable for human body to work efficiently.

  According to reports, the living environment of astronauts has been greatly improved. It can be said that from the past one room and one living room to three rooms and one living room, its livability is better and the extravehicular clothing has been greatly improved.

  The more perfect the design of human factors, the less uncomfortable people feel, and the closer it will be to the day when ordinary Chinese will go into space.

  Facing the unknown

  Human factor evaluation surfaced.

  Aerospace is a complex giant system, among which, what worries scientists most is how the people inside will survive and how to face the sinister and uncomfortable living environment when the spacecraft leaves the earth, our familiar home. In other words, how can we ensure that astronauts are "born after death" and work pleasantly and efficiently?

  Human factors engineering studies more about death. This is a subject based on failure, disaster and lessons.

  "The Boeing plane in Ethiopia went down vertically, reaching 20 meters underground." Academician Liu Daxiang watched the video of Boeing 737MAX’s last out-of-control state some time ago, which made him "particularly uncomfortable". This type of aircraft crashed twice in the four months from the end of last year to the beginning of this year, killing 346 people. At first, Boeing put the blame on people, saying that the driver’s operation was wrong, but "we didn’t analyze this problem, so China was the first to make a decision to stop flying". It was later proved that the pilot of this plane staged a man-machine war in the last 12 minutes. It is said that a system repeatedly forced the nose down, and the pilot repeatedly pulled the nose up again, but in the end, under the arrogant instructions of the machine, the driver could do nothing, causing human tragedy.

  "Now all fields are completely commanded by machines, which is risky." The famous aero-engine expert in China said that Boeing 737MAX didn’t carry out enough flight test after replacing the engine, and didn’t make a comprehensive evaluation including human factors, and the result was painful.

  Shanguang Chen believes that the Boeing accident has once again caused the industry to think deeply about the allocation of human-machine functions, and the main reason is that it does not pay attention to human factors evaluation. In fact, many accidents in the aerospace field can be attributed to human error or insufficient error-proof design of machines.

  "Eliminating operational mistakes is my lifelong goal." Lieutenant General Hu Shixiang, who sent China’s first artificial satellite "Dongfanghong-1" into space in 1970, said this. He participated in organizing more than 100 launch tests of satellites and rockets.

  What he remembers vividly is the launch of a communication satellite in 1982. After several simulated flights, the data showed that the rocket was short-circuited after 17 seconds of flight.

  "Check. The socket was opened to see how the welding point was, and it was turned upside down one day and one night, and no problem was found. " Everyone can’t go anywhere, they are all waiting, and he feels stressed. Finally, it was found that there was a solder particle rolling around in a socket. Going back, it was a female inspector in Shanghai who was pregnant, "in a bad mood and missed the inspection."

  Today, when it comes to aerospace, it is foolproof, and it is all from victory to victory. In fact, in Hu Shixiang’s memory, there was a bleak time. At that time, China had just started to help foreign countries to launch commercial satellites, and failed because of the plug problem and careless problem. "When Zhu Rongji served as deputy prime minister, he visited our base and asked, Commander Hu, can you hit three satellites and drop the next one? You go up and down now, and our hearts can’t stand it. "

  "Plugs and sockets are often a simple problem, but the result of simple problems is very heavy. It can be said that a screw links the aerospace industry and a small button maintains national dignity. " Hu Shixiang appealed to the human factors experts who attended the meeting, and asked whether the human factors experts could give a measure and a method to reduce human errors and ensure success.

  Shanguang Chen pointed out: Eliminating human errors and ensuring safety has always been the goal pursued by commanders and engineers at all levels engaged in complex systems and engineering projects, and human factors engineering provides theoretical guidance and design methods for this. These systems are designed by people, and they are bound to be branded by people. The system must be evaluated by relatively independent human factors, and the system that fails this evaluation shall not pass the final acceptance. Manned space flight is establishing this management and technical system.

  The discipline idea of human factors engineering is to embody the design idea of people-centered, make the machine adapt to people’s needs, and the discipline goal makes the whole system realize safety, high efficiency and high performance. Typical characteristics are system engineering thought, design-oriented and multidisciplinary integration. It can be said that human factors engineering is a people-oriented system engineering.

  Laozi said: goodness is like water, and water conservancy does not dispute everything. Shanguang Chen borrowed this concept many times and pointed out: people are like water, and if you are tall, I will retreat and not drown your grace; If you are low, I will come to make up for your shortcomings. More and more big countries have introduced human factors engineering into their own top-level design.

  Bridgehead towards deep space

  When will cars come and go on the moon?

  Just like Go, when you take a step, you must design the next three to five steps.

  When people are cheering and screaming for the 2020 space year, China’s manned space flight has started the deep layout of flying to the moon.

  Why do you choose the moon for deep space? Shanguang Chen said that manned space flight has three main goals: first, exploring the unknown; The second is to develop and utilize space resources; The third is to expand the living space and find a new home. The moon is "the bridgehead for us to go deep into space".

  In many science fiction novels, water ice, helium 3, important minerals and other resources on the moon are mined by clones and robots and transported back to the earth to serve mankind. So, what will the moon look like? Will there really be cars coming and going like Shanguang Chen said?

  He believes that our future moon city will be implemented in stages: outpost, semi-permanent base, and then permanent moon home.

  The moon home is mainly underground buildings, which can use moon soil and moon rock for heat preservation, heat insulation and radiation protection. Using 3D printing, the lunar dust and excavated lunar soil are printed into building materials. Choose a place where underground space is easy to drill and dig, and take Moon Rock as the base radiation bunker.

  Shanguang Chen’s description is full of wonderful imagination. Perhaps, with the strong support of engineering and other disciplines, it will be close at hand when we have a super-large thrust rocket?

  But he changed the subject and talked about a "successful failure."

  At that time, Apollo 13, which flew to the moon, only flew for 55 hours and 46 minutes, and the agitation of the oxygen tank led to the serious explosion of the spacecraft service module. The spacecraft began to lose power, heat and, more importantly, the astronauts lost breathable oxygen.

  "However, the astronauts used their quick wits to use the Aquarius lunar module as a lifeboat, and finally got rid of the gravity of the moon and returned to Earth safely. This is a successful case of relying on people’s wisdom and exerting people’s role, so it is a successful failure. " Shanguang Chen hopes to use this example to tell everyone that if we want to March to the moon, we must have more advanced human factors engineering concepts and designs.

  Because human factors engineering is a kind of efficacy discipline based on failure and death.

  What is a good designer? "Under danger, the system has the ability to play a human role and restore security." Shanguang Chen pointed out that, inspired by the experience of Apollo 13, our lunar module will directly carry the escape module in the future, which will increase the hope of astronauts’ survival.

  The characteristic of aerospace is that many escape devices have been designed before. For example, when a rocket is launched, there is an escape tower in the atmosphere, and if something happens, it can parachute back to the ground. Therefore, whether you enter the Tiangong capsule or go to the moon in the future, you should put safety and efficiency first.

  "Through the construction and development of the moon home, mankind will go to deep space, move to Mars, get out of the solar system, inherit the spark and spread human civilization in the vast universe!" Shanguang Chen set his sights on the future.

  Perhaps looking back in a few years, 2020 is a very important time node for China’s space flight. Such a grand plan is to start from the core module of the space station — — Tianhe, take the first step.

  (China Youth Daily China Youth Network reporter blocking force)

The Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia was announced.

According to the website of the General Administration of Customs, in order to correctly determine the origin of import and export goods under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia and promote economic and trade exchanges between China and Cambodia, the General Administration of Customs has formulated the Measures for the Administration of the Origin of Import and Export Goods under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs. It is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of January 1, 2022.

  If the consignee of imported goods or his agent applies for enjoying the tax rate under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia when the goods are imported, he shall go through the customs declaration formalities in accordance with the relevant provisions of Announcement No.34 of the General Administration of Customs in 2021. When filling in the column of "Preferential Trade Agreement Benefits" in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Import (Export) Goods Declaration Form, the code "23" should be filled in the column of "Preferential Trade Agreement Code".

Measures of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs on the Administration of the Origin of Import and Export Goods under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia

  Article 1 In order to correctly determine the origin of import and export goods under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia (hereinafter referred to as the China-Cambodia FTA) and promote economic and trade exchanges between China and Cambodia, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Customs Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Customs Law), the Regulations on the Origin of Import and Export Goods of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the China-Cambodia FTA.

  Article 2 These Measures shall apply to the origin management of import and export goods under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement between China and Cambodia.

  Article 3 Goods that meet one of the following conditions are original goods under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as original goods) and have the original qualification under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as original qualification):

  (a) completely obtained or produced in China or Cambodia;

  (two) in China or Cambodia, the original materials that meet the requirements of these measures are completely used for production;

  (3) Made of non-native materials in China or Cambodia;

  1. Belonging to the scope of application of Annex 1 to these Measures, and conforming to the corresponding tariff classification changes, regional value components, manufacturing and processing procedures or other provisions;

  2 does not belong to the scope of application of Annex 1 to these Measures, but meets one of the following conditions:

  (1) The regional value component calculated by the formula listed in Article 7 of these Measures shall not be less than 40% of the FOB price of goods;

  (2) Articles 25, 26, 28, 29 (except 29.01 and 29.02), 31 (except 31.05) and 39 (except 39.01, 39.02, 39.03, 39.07 and 39.08) of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Import and Export Tariff (hereinafter referred to as the Tariff). 49、57— 59、61、62、64、66— 71、73— 83、86、88、91— After the goods and non-original materials under Chapter 97 were manufactured or processed, the four-level tariff classification changed.

  When the specific rules of origin of products under the China-Cambodia FTA listed in Annex 1 change, the General Administration of Customs will make a separate announcement.

  Article 4 The goods "completely obtained or produced in China or Cambodia" as mentioned in Article 3 of these Measures refer to:

  (1) Plants and plant products (including fruits, flowers, vegetables, trees, algae, fungi and living plants) planted, harvested, picked or collected in China or Cambodia;

  (2) Live animals born and raised in China or Cambodia;

  (3) Products obtained from live animals mentioned in Item (2) of this article in China or Cambodia without further processing, including milk, eggs, natural honey, hair, wool, semen and feces;

  (4) Goods obtained by hunting, trapping, fishing, aquaculture, gathering or catching in China or Cambodia;

  (5) Minerals and other natural resources extracted or obtained from the territory, territorial waters and seabed of China or Cambodia and not included in Items (1) to (4) of this article;

  (6) Products extracted from waters, seabed or subsoil outside the territorial waters of China or Cambodia, which the Cambodian side has the right to develop;

  (7) Fish and other marine products caught by ships registered in China or Cambodia and flying its national flag in waters outside the territorial waters of that country;

  (8) Goods processed and manufactured entirely with the goods mentioned in Items (4) and (7) of this article on processing vessels registered in China or Cambodia and flying its national flag;

  (9) Wastes and scraps produced in the process of manufacturing, processing or consumption in China or Cambodia and only applicable to the recycling of raw materials;

  (10) Old goods that are consumed and collected in China or Cambodia and are only applicable to the recycling of raw materials;

  (11) Goods produced entirely from the goods mentioned in Items (1) to (10) of this article in China or Cambodia.

  Article 5 Goods that meet the requirements of Item 3 of Paragraph 1 of Article 3 of these Measures, if the non-original materials used in production are only processed or treated by one or more of the following in the Member, the goods still do not have the qualification of origin:

  (1) Protective operations to ensure that the goods are kept in good condition during transportation or storage;

  (2) Packaging or display for the transportation or sale of goods;

  (3) Simple processing, including filtering, screening, selecting, sorting, sharpening, cutting, slitting, grinding, bending, winding or unfolding;

  (4) Sticking or printing marks, labels, logos and other similar distinguishing marks on the goods or their packages;

  (five) only diluted with water or other substances, without substantially changing the characteristics of the goods;

  (6) Disassembling products into parts;

  (7) Slaughtering animals;

  (eight) simple painting and polishing;

  (9) Simply peeling, coring or shelling;

  (10) Simply mixing products, regardless of whether they are different kinds of products.

  The "simplicity" as mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to the situation that no special skills are needed and no machinery, instruments or equipment are specially produced or assembled.

  Article 6 Where materials originating in China or Cambodia are used in the production of another goods within the territory of the other party, the materials shall be regarded as the original materials of the other party.

  Article 7 The "regional value component" specified in Item (3) of Paragraph 1 of Article 3 of these Measures shall be calculated according to the following formula:

  Regional value component = FOB price – Non-original material price × 100%

  free on board

  Among them, "the price of non-original materials" refers to the import cost of non-original materials, the freight and insurance premium to the destination port or place determined in accordance with the WTO Valuation Agreement, including the price of materials of unknown origin. When the non-original materials are obtained in China or Cambodia, the paid or payable price of the non-original materials should be determined as early as possible in China or Cambodia according to the transaction price determined in the WTO Valuation Agreement, excluding the freight, insurance, packaging and any other expenses for transporting the non-original materials from the supplier’s warehouse to the manufacturer’s place.

  When calculating the regional value composition of goods according to the first paragraph of this article, the price of non-original materials does not include the price of non-original materials used in the production process to produce original materials.

  Article 8 For goods subject to the requirements of tariff classification change under the China-Cambodia FTA, if the non-original materials used in the production process do not meet the requirements of tariff classification change, but meet all other applicable provisions of these Measures and meet one of the following conditions, they shall be regarded as original goods:

  (1) Article 50 of the Tariff & mdash; For the goods in Chapter 63, the weight of all non-original materials used in the production of the goods without the required tariff classification change shall not exceed 10% of the total weight of the goods, or the price determined in accordance with Article 7 of these Measures shall not exceed 10% of the FOB price of the goods;

  (2) Article 50 of the Tariff & mdash; For goods outside Chapter 63, the price of all non-original materials used in the production of goods without the required tariff classification change determined in accordance with Article 7 of these Measures shall not exceed 10% of the FOB price of the goods.

  Article 9 The packaging materials and containers used to protect goods during transportation shall not affect the determination of the origin of goods.

  Where the origin of the goods is determined according to the requirements of regional value composition under the China-Cambodia FTA, and the packaging materials and containers for retail use are classified together with the goods, the prices of the packaging materials and containers for retail use shall be calculated according to the prices of the original materials or non-original materials included in their respective origins.

  Where the change of tariff classification under China-Cambodia FTA requires the determination of the origin of goods, and the packaging materials and containers for retail use are classified together with the goods, the origin of the packaging materials and containers for retail use does not affect the determination of the origin of goods.

  Article 10 When calculating the regional value component of goods subject to the requirements of China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement, if the accessories, spare parts or tools declared for import together with the goods are classified together with the goods in the Customs Tariff, and no separate invoice is issued, the prices of the accessories, spare parts or tools shall be calculated according to their respective countries of origin.

  Where the change of tariff classification under the China-Cambodia FTA requires the determination of the origin of goods, if the accessories, spare parts or tools declared for import together with the goods are classified together with the goods in the Tariff and no separate invoice is issued, the origin of the accessories, spare parts or tools will not affect the determination of the origin of goods.

  The quantity and price of accessories, spare parts and tools mentioned in the first and second paragraphs of this article shall be within a reasonable range.

  Article 11 When determining whether the goods are goods of origin, the origin of the following neutral components shall not be considered:

  (1) Fuel, energy, catalyst and solvent;

  (2) Equipment, devices and articles used for testing or inspecting goods;

  (3) Gloves, glasses, shoes and boots, clothes, safety equipment and articles;

  (4) Tools, molds and moulds;

  (five) spare parts and materials used to maintain equipment and buildings;

  (6) Lubricants, oils (greases), synthetic materials and other materials used in production or for operating equipment and maintaining factory buildings;

  (seven) other goods used in the production process of the goods but not constituting the components of the goods.

  Article 12 When determining the origin of goods, interchangeable materials that are commercially interchangeable and have the same nature and cannot be distinguished by visual observation alone shall be distinguished by any of the following methods:

  (1) Physical separation of materials;

  (2) Inventory management methods recognized by generally accepted accounting standards of exporters. This inventory management method should be used continuously for at least one fiscal year.

  Article 13 Goods of origin transported from the exporter to the importer shall retain their original qualification if they meet one of the following conditions:

  (1) Not passing through other countries (regions);

  (two) via other countries (regions), but at the same time meet the following conditions:

  1. Goods passing through these countries or regions are only due to geographical reasons or transportation needs;

  2. Not entering these countries or regions for trade or consumption;

  3. When the goods pass through these countries or regions, the goods have not been treated in their territory except for loading and unloading, re-loading and unloading, or other treatments needed to keep the goods in good condition.

  Article 14 The valid certificate of origin under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement as stipulated in these Measures shall meet the following requirements:

  (a) issued by an authorized institution in China or Cambodia;

  (2) Having a unique certificate number;

  (3) The basis for indicating that the goods have the qualification of origin;

  (four) issued by the visa agency of the exporting member, with the authorized signature and seal of the visa agency;

  (five) in accordance with the format listed in Annex 2 of these Measures, filled in English and signed and sealed by the exporter;

  (six) the certificate of origin is valid for 12 months from the date of issuance.

  The certificate of origin shall be issued before or at the time of shipment; If it cannot be issued before or at the time of shipment due to force majeure, it can be issued within 3 days after shipment.

  Article 15 If it is impossible to apply for the issuance of the certificate of origin within the time limit stipulated in Article 14 of these Measures due to non-subjective intentional errors, negligence or other reasonable reasons, the visa agencies in China or Cambodia may reissue the certificate within 12 months from the date of shipment of the goods upon the application of the exporter. The reissued certificate of origin shall indicate the reissue.

  Article 16 If the certificate of origin is stolen, lost or damaged, the exporter may apply in writing to the visa agency in China or Cambodia to issue a copy of the certificate of origin marked "CERTIFIED TRUE COPY" within the validity period of the original certificate.

  A certified copy of the certificate of origin shall have the same number and date of issue as the original certificate of origin, and shall be regarded as the original certificate of origin.

  Article 17 The certificate of origin shall not be altered or overprinted. If there is any change in the project, the exporter or manufacturer shall apply to the certificate of origin certification authority and provide the corresponding certification materials. The certification authority will modify the certificate of origin, affix the seal or correction seal of the certification authority to prove it, and cross out the blank parts.

  Article 18 The agreed tax rate of China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement can be applied to imported goods with the qualification of origin.

  Article 19 Where the consignee of imported goods or its agent applies for applying the tax rate under the China-Cambodia FTA for imported goods of origin, it shall declare in accordance with the relevant provisions of the General Administration of Customs and handle it with the following documents:

  (1) A valid certificate of origin issued by the Cambodian visa agency (see Annex 2 for the format), except for the exemption from submitting the certificate of origin as stipulated in Article 20 of these Measures;

  (2) Commercial invoice of the goods;

  (three) the whole transport documents of the goods.

  Where goods are transported to China through other countries or regions, documents issued by the customs of other countries or regions or other documents recognized by the customs shall be submitted.

  If the transport documents mentioned in Item (3) of Paragraph 1 of this Article submitted by the consignee of imported goods or his agent can meet the relevant provisions on direct transport, it is not necessary to submit the supporting documents mentioned in Paragraph 2 of this Article.

  Article 20 If the FOB price of the original goods imported in the same batch does not exceed US$ 200, the consignee of the imported goods or his agent may be exempted from submitting the certificate of origin when applying for the tax rate under the China-Cambodia FTA.

  In order to avoid the provisions of these measures, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to the declaration of imported goods.

  Article 21 Unless otherwise stipulated by the General Administration of Customs, if the country of origin declares the imported goods as Cambodia, and the consignee or his agent fails to obtain a valid certificate of origin before the goods go through customs formalities, he shall make a supplementary declaration to the customs as to whether the imported goods are qualified for Cambodia (see Annex 3).

  If the consignee of imported goods or his agent makes a supplementary declaration to the customs in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of this article that the imported goods have Cambodian origin qualification and provides tax guarantee, the customs shall go through the import formalities according to law, except that the guarantee is not allowed according to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations. Where a tax guarantee equivalent to the maximum amount of tax that the goods may bear has been submitted due to reasons such as early release, it shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions of this paragraph on providing tax guarantee.

  Article 22 In order to determine the authenticity and accuracy of the certificate of origin, to determine the origin qualification of imported goods, or to determine whether the imported goods meet other requirements stipulated in these Measures, the customs may carry out origin verification in the following ways:

  (1) Requiring the consignee of imported goods or their agents, the consignor of exported goods or their agents and manufacturers to provide information and materials related to the origin of goods and the issuance of certificates of origin;

  (2) Require the relevant Cambodian authorities to verify the authenticity of the certificate of origin and the origin qualification of the goods, and provide relevant information of the exporter or manufacturer and the goods when necessary;

  (3) Other procedures agreed by the customs of both parties.

  When necessary, the customs may conduct on-the-spot verification on overseas exporters or producers with the consent of the relevant competent authorities in Cambodia, or conduct verification by other means agreed with the relevant competent authorities in Cambodia.

  While waiting for the verification results, the customs may, at the application of the consignee of imported goods or his agent, handle the guarantee release according to law, except in cases where the guarantee release is not allowed according to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.

  Article 23 Under any of the following circumstances, the customs shall go through the formalities for returning the secured property and rights according to law:

  (1) The consignee of imported goods or its agent has made supplementary declaration to the customs in accordance with the provisions of these Measures and submitted a valid certificate of origin under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement;

  (2) The results of customs verification are sufficient to confirm the qualification of origin of the goods.

  Article 24 Under any of the following circumstances, the tariff rate agreed in the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement shall not apply to the imported goods:

  (1) The consignee of imported goods or his agent fails to apply for the application of the tax rate under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 of these Measures, and fails to make supplementary declaration in accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of these Measures;

  (two) the goods do not have the qualification of Cambodian origin;

  (three) the certificate of origin does not conform to the provisions of these measures;

  (four) the goods listed in the certificate of origin are inconsistent with the actual imported goods;

  (5) Within 270 days from the date of submitting the request for origin verification, the customs has not received the verification feedback from the relevant Cambodian institutions, or the feedback results do not contain enough information to determine the authenticity of the certificate of origin or the true origin of the goods;

  (six) the consignee of imported goods or his agent has other acts that do not comply with the relevant provisions of these measures.

  Article 25 Shippers of export goods and their agents, domestic producers and their agents who have filed with the enterprises of origin (hereinafter referred to as applicants) may apply to Chinese visa agencies for issuing certificates of origin.

  Article 26 The applicant shall apply for the issuance of a certificate of origin before the shipment of the goods, and at the same time submit materials to prove the qualification of the origin of the goods. The applicant shall be responsible for the authenticity, completeness and accuracy of the materials submitted.

  Twenty-seventh visa agencies shall examine the materials submitted by the applicant, and issue certificates of origin if they meet the requirements of these measures; If it does not conform to the provisions of these measures, it shall decide not to issue a certificate of origin, notify the applicant in writing and explain the reasons.

  When conducting audit, the visa agency may verify the origin qualification of the goods in the following ways:

  (a) require the applicant to provide supplementary information and materials related to the qualification of the origin of the goods;

  (2) On-the-spot verification of the production equipment, processing procedures, raw materials and spare parts of export goods, the country (region) of origin, and the instructions, packages, trademarks, marks and marks of origin of export goods;

  (3) consulting and copying relevant contracts, invoices, account books and other relevant materials.

  Article 28 At the request of the relevant competent authorities in Cambodia, the customs may verify the origin of export goods in the following ways:

  (a) require the applicant to provide supplementary information and materials related to the qualification of the origin of the goods;

  (2) On-the-spot verification of the production equipment, processing procedures, raw materials and spare parts of export goods, the country (region) of origin, and the instructions, packages, trademarks, marks and marks of origin of export goods;

  (3) consulting and copying relevant contracts, invoices, account books and other relevant materials.

  Article 29 When declaring export goods, the consignor of export goods and his agent shall fill in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Declaration Form for Export Goods in accordance with the customs declaration provisions.

  Article 30 If the goods originating in Cambodia are exhibited in China and sold to China during or after the exhibition, and the following conditions are met, the tax rate under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement can be applied:

  (1) The exporter has transported the products from Cambodia to China and exhibited them in China;

  (2) After the goods were sent to the exhibition, they were not used for other purposes except for exhibition;

  (3) The goods are under customs supervision during the exhibition.

  When the above-mentioned exhibition goods are declared for import, the consignee or his agent shall submit the certificate of origin of the goods to the customs, indicating the name and address of the exhibition, and relevant documents proving that the goods conform to the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 13 of these Measures.

  The above-mentioned goods exported to Cambodia can apply for a certificate of origin from the visa agency. If the above requirements are met, the tax rate under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement can be applied in Cambodia.

  Article 31 The consignor and manufacturer of export goods applying for the certificate of origin shall, within three years from the date of issuing the certificate of origin, keep the documents and records that can fully prove the qualification of the goods.

  The consignee of imported goods subject to the tariff rate under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement shall, within three years from the date of customs clearance of the goods, keep the documents and records that can fully prove the original qualification of the goods.

  The issuing institution shall keep the application materials of the certificate of origin within 3 years from the date of issuance of the certificate of origin.

  The above-mentioned documents and records can be saved in electronic or paper form.

  Article 32 The meanings of the following terms in these Measures:

  (1) "Aquaculture" refers to the cultivation of aquatic organisms including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, other aquatic invertebrates and aquatic plants starting from embryos such as eggs, fry, fish worms and fish eggs. Intervene in the feeding or growth process by orderly raising, feeding or preventing predation by carnivores, so as to increase the yield;

  (2) "Generally accepted accounting standards" refers to the accounting standards, agreed opinions or substantive authoritative support of one party in recording income, expenditure, cost, assets and liabilities, information disclosure and preparation of financial statements. The above guidelines include not only general guiding principles that are generally applicable, but also detailed standards, practices and procedures;

  (3) "Material" refers to any substance used in the production of goods, which forms a part of another goods in physical form or goods used in the production process of another goods;

  (4) "Original materials" or "original goods" refer to materials or goods that are qualified for origin according to the provisions of these Measures;

  (5) "Production" refers to the method of obtaining goods, including planting, feeding, mining, harvesting, fishing, aquaculture, farming, trapping, hunting, capturing, collecting, breeding, extracting, manufacturing, producing, processing or assembling goods;

  (6) The WTO Valuation Agreement refers to the Agreement on the Implementation of Article VII of the 1994 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which is an integral part of the Marrakesh Agreement on the Establishment of the World Trade Organization;

  (7) "Non-original goods" or "non-original materials" refer to goods or materials that do not have the qualification of origin according to the provisions of these Measures, and goods or materials with unknown origin;

  (8) "Neutral component" refers to the goods that are used in the production of another goods and do not constitute the components of the goods themselves;

  (9) "Visa Agency" refers to an agency designated or authorized by a member to issue certificates of origin and notified to another member in accordance with the provisions of the China-Cambodia FTA. Directly under the Customs, under the Customs, China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and its local branches are visa agencies in China;

  (10) "Competent Authority" refers to one or more government agencies designated by the member and notified to another member in accordance with the provisions of the China-Cambodia FTA.

  Article 33 The General Administration of Customs shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.

  Article 34 These Measures shall come into force as of January 1, 2022.

Experts remind: preservatives must be kept away from the health of infants and young children.

The organs and body systems of infants and young children are still in the development stage. Long-term intake of preservatives may affect the growth and development of children and induce gastrointestinal diseases. However, in recent years, cases of preservatives endangering the health of infants and young children have occurred frequently, and topics such as "infants stay away from preservatives" have attracted much attention.

Experts remind that China stipulates that it is strictly forbidden to add any preservatives to infant formula, so parents must choose products without preservatives when buying milk powder and nutrition for infants.

Graphic has nothing to do with it.

intakesorbic acid potassium saltpreservative twentyNinety percent of children are allergic.

How much harm does preservative do to infants? According to the research of the European Food Safety Agency, among 20 children who ate mayonnaise sauce containing potassium sorbate (0.11%), 18 children developed perioral urticaria, which was thought to be caused by contact dermatitis caused by sorbic acid in oral mucosa.

Another report about allergies caused by sorbic acid and salt shows that in an experiment involving 90 participants, 20% of the participants had allergic reactions when they ingested sorbic acid at a low dose (0.1%); In the middle dose (1%), 62% participants had allergic reaction; At high dose (5%), 65% participants had allergic reaction.

In addition, The Lancet and other journals have also published research results on the correlation between sodium benzoate and ADHD in children. Experiments have proved that the intake of food containing such preservatives may induce or aggravate ADHD in children. In addition to ADHD, preservatives and other additives added illegally may also increase the risk of obesity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and even tumors in children.

Graphic has nothing to do with it.

It is reported that benzoic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts are preservatives widely used in food and beverages. For infants, preservatives are more likely to hurt them. Because the intestinal flora of infants can not be completely established until they are 3 years old, preservatives will damage the intestinal flora of infants and cause intestinal flora disorder, and the intestine is the largest immune system of human body, which will affect the immune barrier function of infants and young children.

Studies have shown that benzoic acid and its salts may cause allergies in infants, lead to symptoms such as eczema and asthma, and cause problems such as decreased immunity. Some parents find that their babies are prone to allergies, and they often repeat them. The illegal addition of preservatives in food intake may be one of the incentives.

Preservatives are harmful to the health of infants and young children, so we must stay away from them.

It is precisely for the protection of special people that China’s national food safety standards related to infants and young children stipulate that it is strictly forbidden to add any preservatives, including sorbic acid and benzoic acid, to infant formula food, supplementary food and nutritional supplements of 6 months to 5 years old. For children of a higher age, on May 17th, 2020, the first domestic standard of "children’s snacks"-"General Requirements for Children’s Snacks" also called on children’s snacks not to use preservatives.

So how should parents buy baby food? How to avoid giving your baby nutrients containing preservatives?

Experts remind that under the principle of "infants can’t ingest preservatives", no matter whether it is infant food or nutrition, they should choose not to add preservatives.

"Special attention should be paid to infant nutrition in large bottles, because large bottles need to be opened repeatedly and are easy to rot, so preservatives are basically added. When parents choose milk powder and nutritional products for developing infants, they must carefully confirm that they should choose preservatives-free. "

Although China and the European Union strictly prohibit the addition of preservatives to infant food, the "zero addition" is not a "global unified standard". Parents should pay more attention to the "Haitao" and carefully check the ingredient list to ensure that it does not contain preservatives. Experts also called on relevant departments to strengthen supervision and severely punish the illegal use of preservatives. Enterprises consciously ensure food safety from the source of production, so that children can eat with confidence and parents can buy with confidence.

Written by Southern Reporter Yang Liyun

A house full of antiques and cultural relics is worth hundreds of millions: his house is comparable to a museum.

clickAbove "Collection focus

Collectors’ Gathering Department

When it comes to "He Shen", I think the face of actor Wang Gang comes to many people’s minds first ~

Everyone knows how deep the role of "He Shen" is in the play, and it’s extremely rich ~ but it’s in the TV series after all, and it’s fake.

However, with the broadcast of the latest issue of Our Master the day before yesterday, netizens suddenly found that "harmony with adults" is actually the same in real life!

Wanggang quadrangle exposure

The core area is priceless and the whole family lives together.

The latest issue of Our Master welcomes the old artist Wang Gang.

As the new master of GSG group, the first skill Wang Gang taught his four disciples was not acting, but studying antiques! Many people know that Wang Gang not only loves antiques, but also has a lot of research on antiques ~ But this time, "Jianbao" is not really something to watch, but the quadrangle exposed by Wang Gang in this recording program ~

It is said that people who can afford quadrangles are people with certain financial resources, andWang gangOur quadrangles are even more trenches in the trenches!

This quadrangle in the core area of Beijing is priceless in itself, and that’s not the point. The point is that he collects rare antiques everywhere:Qi Baishi’s paintings, Han Meilin’s calligraphy, the table of huanghuali 300 years ago …It feels like it’s worth hundreds of millions!

The program group specifically stated in the feature content that the quadrangle is a studio rented by Wang Gang! However, although it is rented, Wang Gang’s decoration and layout of the quadrangle is extra careful. The whole quadrangle is decorated by Wang Gang, which is very simple and elegant, but full of exquisiteness and atmosphere, and Wang Gang will also live here, and will divide the living areas very strictly, which is very particular.

When Wang Gang took a group of young students to visit the quadrangle, everyone was even shocked. It was very clever to follow behind, and even Zhang Wei rarely stopped playing tricks ~

Starting from his room, Wang Gang introduced the layout of the quadrangle. He said that he lives in the east room of the main room, which faces south, while the eldest brother and second child live in the west room of the main room, and the eldest son and daughter-in-law live in the east wing on the other side ~

It can be seen that this pattern is big enough to live with the daughter-in-law without disturbing each other, and they are all independent and have no feeling of crowding at all, so that the family can not only live together and take care of each other, but also have their own space. The whole yard is divided very reasonably ~

And even a tree in Wang Gang’s quadrangle is very famous ~ It is said that Wang Gang often takes photos with this tree, because this tree, as old as him, has been planted since he was born, and it has a history of more than 70 years!

No wonder Wang Gang likes taking photos with it very much. It turns out that this tree is of great significance to him, and it is also very beautiful to plant in this quadrangle, which is an old feeling.

The collector’s knight island

Siheyuan is comparable to a small museum.

Ganlong Yubao and He Shen are original works, and the furniture is all cultural relics.

In addition to playing He Shen, Wang Gang’s other most well-known role is probably the host of the "World Collection" program ~

It is also because of this program that Wang Gang’s love and research on antiques is known. But what most people don’t know is that many antiques in the original program were finally received in his name ~

So his quadrangle is not just a house like other villas, becauseEvery treasure in it is priceless,And there are some things that he doesn’t want to sell even if he spends money. After all, he started collecting very early and likes to study and collect. It can be said that he is the best actor in the collection industry ~

Therefore, in addition to the quaint and elegant layout of the quadrangle itself, the interior of each big room is actually the real "bright spot"-it is full of dazzling antiques!

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    A house full of antiques and cultural relics is worth hundreds of millions: his house is comparable to a museum.

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    It is said that since he played He Shen, Wang Gang’s favorite collection is things from the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, mostly blue and white porcelain. This is also confirmed by the program.

    Wang Gang took his disciples into his study, and what caught your eye was all kinds of antique collections. On both shelves were porcelain vases collected by Wang Gang, as well as all kinds of calligraphy and painting. Taking advantage of the classical floor lamp, it was quite antique.

    In addition, there are many famous paintings hanging on the wall. Ethan saw at a glance a word hanging on the wall that read "Natural and unrestrained". This calligraphy and painting is actually quite impressive, right?Han MeilinHan Meilin may not be known to everyone, but when it comes to the five Fuwa of the Olympic Games, everyone should know ~ and Fuwa was created by Han Meilin.

    And that’s not enough,Wang Gang’s home still contains the original work of Master Qi Baishi!

    As Liu Yuning said in the program, I just heard of Qi Baishi’s reputation and how lifelike his works are, but I have never seen them. This time, I finally opened my eyes to see the original works of Qi Baishi, and this value can’t be described by numbers. Moreover, this painting was collected by Wang Gang through auction ~ which is also very generous ~

    Here is a price of Fan Ceng’s calligraphy and painting for your reference. Note that it was all a few years ago, but now it has to be doubled.

    According to statistics in 2018, the total transaction price of Fan Ceng calligraphy and painting is as high as 200 million yuan, and some works are valued as high as 800-200 million square feet.What is the concept of 800,000 to 2 million per square foot? Think about it.

    Fu Baoshi’s most famous work is "There are so many beauties in the country".

    At the auction of Fu Baoshi’s works, one of his paintings has reached the level of ten million! Teacher Wang Gang has a joint painting of Master Fu Baoshi and Master Fan Ceng. Let xiaobian be quiet!

    In addition to Qi Baishi’s paintings, Han Meilin’s words, Fu Baoshi and Fan Zeng’s original works, the furniture is also made of wood, and there is a brush shelf on the case, which really feels like an ancient study. But there are cultural relics everywhere in the home, so life can’t be so casual …

    The tables and chairs that Wang Gang’s family seems to be placed everywhere are actually very particular.

    In the program, Ethan, Zhang Wei, Liu Yuning and WINWIN met with Master, and Ethan directly put the hot tea cups on the table at hand. This seemingly ordinary move made Wang Gang immediately stand up and quickly take things off the table, and said that he could not put them like this. The reason is that this humble table belongs to huanghuali!

    Huanghuali can’t be put directly on it, it should be padded with cloth before it can be put, otherwise there will be marks. Everyone knows that huanghuali is very precious and valuable. Basically, it is a collection and I don’t want to really use it. The same is true of Wang Gang. The table of Huanghuali is just a display, and it can’t directly release the teacups.

    Not only that, Wang Gang’s huanghuali table has a history of more than 300 years ~ Huanghuali furniture is very expensive, and its long history is naturally valuable ~

    And these are just the corner of the living room. No wonder some netizens asked if they could estimate the value of this quadrangle.Sleep with a piece is several hundred million.

    ~ I don’t know the price, but if all the antiques collected by Teacher Wang Gang are genuine,I’m afraid this quadrangle is the most valuable quadrangle in Beijing ~

    Wang Gang also admitted that he likes collecting antique porcelain and calligraphy and painting so much because he starred in He Shen. Because you know history, you will have a special liking for the collection of objects that represent the sense of history.

    There is another thing worth mentioning about He Shen, and that is.Wang Gang has another collection-"Lord He Shen" himself!This is not a memorial in a TV series, but a real thing. This scene really shocked countless netizens, and for a time, the audience had the feeling that Teacher Wang Gang and the characters in the play overlapped ~ This is also a unique fate!

    As for He Shen’s memorial displayed by Wang Gang, the content is roughly that Qianlong had a fifth grandson, and He Shen congratulated him.

    The collector’s reference

    Actually, in other programs before, Wang Gang said that he collected He Shen’s things after playing "He Shen".

    Eagle-eyed netizens also found that Wang Gang’s memorial of He Shen displayed in this program is different from that displayed in other programs before, which shows that he has a lot of things in He Shen. Although he said "there was one or two", it is obviously modesty ~

    However, although what I saw on the program is only a part of Wang Gang’s collection, it has been an eye-opener.

    I remember a reporter once asked how much Wang Gang’s collection occupied in his furniture.Wang Gang admitted at that time that there were 70%, "My house is all antiques except a sofa.”!

    Including the carved frame bed where Wang Gang slept, it has a history of 180 years. There is also an arhat bed in the room with enclosures on three sides, which is bought for my son. He also said, "It is safest to play on it when my son can’t walk. The enclosure is also engraved with reliefs such as houses and trees, which my son likes very much. "

    It is no wonder that after seeing Wang Gang’s quadrangle, netizens expressed that it seemed like a small museum. Although the scale was small, the collection was very precious, and some even teased: "Isn’t this He Shen?" There are all kinds of wenwan antiques ","Isn’t this the real version of He Shen "and" Is security strict "…

    Indeed, in order to protect these antiques, Wang Gang also took pains. It can also be seen in the program that Wang Gang’s quadrangle is covered with cameras both indoors and outdoors, which can be said to be 360-degree monitoring without dead ends, even if a mosquito flies in. Think about it. Qi Baishi’s paintings of He Shen’s memorial are valuable cultural relics, so we should be careful.

    But to tell the truth, when seeing Wang Gang’s splendor, although netizens talked about envy, they didn’t feel very sour. Everyone knew that he was not the "He Shen" in the play. Although he liked to collect, he also had some research on antiques, but Wang Gang was very low-key. Seeing that the four apprentices were wearing very simple clothes, they were just ordinary T-shirts and trousers.

    As long as the source of the property is legal, then an old player like him is rich, and everyone is quite happy to see it ~

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    Shanghai ladies are getting old, and these cheongsam have left their peerless elegance.

            Shanghai-style cheongsam in 1930s and 1940s is a typical representative of cheongsam in the Republic of China, and it is also an indelible mark of the times left by women in that era in the eyes of the world.

            Song Luxia is a well-known family history writer in Shanghai. Since 2007, she began to collect the old Shanghai ladies’ cheongsam, and now there are more than 100 pieces. The owners of these cheongsam are all famous women in the Republic of China, including Song Meiling, Zhang Leyi, the wife of Song Ziwen, a famous financier and politician in the Republic of China, Yan Youyun, the wife of Dr. Gu Weijun, a diplomat, Zhang Youyi, the original wife of Xu Zhimo, and Xia Meng, a movie star that old Shanghai worships all their lives. These cheongsams are now included in the newly published "Shanghai Celebrity Cheongsam Treasures".

    Cheongsam in Zhang Youyi

            Song Luxia said that it was entirely by accident that she came into contact with these cheongsams and came up with the idea of collecting cheongsams worn by celebrities on the beach. She has been writing family history for more than 20 years, and interviewed more than 20 families, including Li Hongzhang’s family and Sheng Xuanhuai’s family. Since then, Song Luxia has independently written about the women in the big family in Shanghai, and has come into contact with many precious old photos. All the women in the photos are dressed in new Shanghai-style cheongsam, gorgeous and dignified.

            "The more I look at such old photos, the more I feel. I have never seen these cheongsam before I was 63 years old. When we were young, we received red education. Both men and women wore green military uniforms. The whole country was a sea of green and gray, and it was impossible to talk about the concept of fashion. After the reform and opening up, western fashion has flooded into the country, and there is such a gap in the costumes of China. " Song Luxia said.

            In the process of interviewing family history, Song Luxia came into contact with many descendants of big families, including some old ladies who are still alive. Many of them did not care and generously gave away the cheongsam they used to wear. "Once I called Li Hongzhang’s descendants in Hong Kong, a 95-year-old woman, Li Jiajin, who was Li Hongzhang’s great-granddaughter. I said to her,’ Miss Li, look through the box and find out the old cheongsam you are wearing in your photo.’ The other party replied,’ why didn’t you call two months ago? I gave away two boxes of cheongsam two months ago.’ I said,’ Why did you give away two boxes of cheongsam?’ She said,’ I was stimulated. A friend of mine was as old as me. After her death, her children dragged nine sacks of clothes out of her house and threw them away, most of which were cheongsam. Why wait for them to throw it at me? I’ll throw it myself alive.’ ""In this case, young people don’t understand the preciousness of these cheongsam. If we don’t track them, we will lose one if we throw one. " Song Luxia said that the old lady Li came and rummaged through everything, and finally found two cheongsam.

            In the process of collecting cheongsam, Song Luxia met the great granddaughter of Yan Xiaofang, the first president of the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce, and Ms. Xu Jingcan, the niece of Yan Youyun, who were both in Shanghai. The two of them hit it off and collected resources together. "My side is basically a descendant of a big family. During the interview, we all became good friends, so we can still knock on their doors. Many people in xu teacher are relatives."

    Cheongsam in Yan Youyun

            "Due to various complicated reasons, it is rare for famous ladies in the Republic of China to stay in the mainland. We mobilized Shanghai’s famous ladies to contact overseas relatives, and more cheongsam were sent back from the United States, Japan, Canada and other places."

            Among the more than 100 pieces of cheongsam collected by Song Luxia, there are three pieces of cheongsam in Song Meiling, among which one piece of black silk jacquard cheongsam is particularly dignified, and its collection experience is also quite tortuous. Song Luxia interviewed Yan Renmei, Yan Xiaofang’s great granddaughter, when she was writing about a famous family in Shanghai. At that time, she was already an old lady in her 100 s. "We talked about cheongsam, and I asked her to show us the cheongsam in the old photo, which opened her eyes. She said that my cheongsam was gone during the Cultural Revolution, but I had Song Meiling’s cheongsam." When Song Luxia heard this, she felt that it was also a disaster. After many twists and turns, she salvaged these three dusty cheongsam from the bottom of the box under the bed of Yan Renmei’s Shanghai husband’s room.

    Cheongsam in Song Meiling

            It turns out that Yan Renmei is best friends with Miss Kong Jia and Song Ailing’s daughter Kong Lingyi. In the 1970s and 1980s, Yan Renmei lived in Kong Lingyi’s house when she first arrived in the United States. Through Kong Lingyi’s relationship, Song Meiling once sent her a box of clothes. Among them, three pieces of Song Meiling cheongsam were brought back to Shanghai by Yan Renmei from the United States in the early 1980s.

            "The old lady said that you can’t wear it now that you are old. You should take it to the exhibition." Song Luxia said.

            Another light pink silk beaded cheongsam is Zhang Leyi’s cheongsam. "The most jewels." Song Luxia said, "Zhang Leyi was the wife of Song Ziwen, a famous financier, politician and senior government official during the Republic of China. She has accompanied her husband to numerous important activities in her life, and she has always worn China cheongsam in various public and official occasions. " This cheongsam also changed hands several times and eventually returned to Shanghai by express delivery from new york.

    Cheongsam in Zhang Leyi

            Song Luxia’s favorite is two silk embroidered cheongsam by Sheng Fanyi, the niece of Sheng Xuanhuai, the westernization minister in the late Qing Dynasty. "One is a emerald green butterfly flower, and the other is a red-bottomed crane peach, which she made in Suzhou half a century ago." Song Luxia said. The old lady is still alive, and she is 97 years old. "These two pieces are at least the cheongsam that she wore in her teens or even twenties. The bust is very small, only 80 cm. I tried all the clothes racks now, but I couldn’t fit them." The 90-year-old woman recalled her custom-made cheongsam scene and sighed, "It’s very troublesome, the fabric is very elegant, looking for styles, tailors and embroiderers …"

            Today, Xia Meng, 81, is a smash hit movie star and Jin Yong’s dream lover. "Her blue knitted mercerized cotton cheongsam is fresh and elegant in color, with exquisite Suzhou embroidery on the chest." Song Luxia said that for the sake of Xia Meng’s cheongsam, she made a special trip to Hong Kong and met the legendary Xia Meng …

            When asked if she could still see the charm of the old red star from the old lady’s face, Song Luxia shook her head and said, "She has fallen, and she doesn’t talk much, and her vitality is insufficient. People are old. " Looking at the gorgeous cheongsam in front of me, thinking about this means a long time.

    Miss Zhao Si, Zhao Yidi’s cheongsam

    Detailed explanation of e-commerce data index system: definition, system construction and index of e-commerce data

    Editor’s lead: E-commerce data is very important and critical for the e-commerce industry, and observation data is also an indispensable daily work. The author of this article systematically introduces the indicator system of e-commerce data, and introduces the indicator system of e-commerce data from many aspects. Let’s learn it together.

    In major e-commerce platforms or e-commerce companies, the most common thing is this kind of data monitoring big screen, which is used to help platforms and businesses understand the business situation in real time.

    To observe data, we must first establish a complete data index system and define clearly what we want to see and how to see it.

    The article "Long Dry Goods" explains the e-commerce data index system in detail.

    This paper will introduce the e-commerce data index system through the definition, system construction and detailed explanation of e-commerce data.

    E-commerce data refers to digital information used to record user behavior, including quantitative data of a series of behavior habits such as user registration, login, traffic, click, consumption and repurchase.

    To analyze the data, we must first understand the business process of e-commerce, and analyze the user’s business path through the business process, what indicators each path needs to pay attention to, and the business loss that each path may bring. Finally, a perfect business funnel is formed.

    For example, from the user’s point of view, the business process of e-commerce can include the following important nodes:

    From what channels do users become registered users of e-commerce, including their own apps or other delivery channels, including WeChat, Alipay, Tik Tok and below-the-line.

    Here, we need to focus on the number of registered users in each channel and the customer acquisition cost of each channel, such as CPA (single registration cost).

    When the user is registered, there will be an e-commerce page to undertake, which means that the user will have browsing and clicking behaviors. At this time, the user’s preferences and potential transactions can be judged through the user’s browsing behavior.

    Here, we need to focus on observing the UV, PV, browsing time, product click-through rate and so on of each page.

    It should be noted that in the e-commerce position, search is a very important entrance. When users have a clear shopping intention, they are more likely to reach the goods directly through search.

    Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the relevant traffic of search, including search UV, PV, and result rate.

    When users reach the commodity level, they will enter the transformation link of ordering and trading.

    This is the core gold process of e-commerce and an important path for user transactions.

    Here, we need to focus on the quantity of orders, the number of people placing orders, the amount of orders placed, the quantity of payment orders, the number of people paying, the payment amount, the customer unit price, the gross profit margin and so on.

    At the same time, we need to pay attention to the situation of after-sales orders, but when orders are closed due to after-sales or other abnormal reasons, it is also a part of the loss for the platform. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the after-sales order quantity, closing quantity and closing rate.

    For the platform, after acquiring a user, of course, it will be hoped that he will repurchase as much as possible and generate more GMV, that is, to improve ARPU(Average Revenue Per User) as much as possible, that is, the contribution value of a single user.

    Therefore, we need to pay attention to user activity, repurchase rate, shopping cart situation and so on.

    The shopping cart is actually an ordering tool, but according to the user’s habits, the goods added to the shopping cart are more likely to be purchased or repurchased later, so we can also pay attention to the usage rate of the shopping cart at this stage.

    The article "Long Dry Goods" explains the e-commerce data index system in detail.

    In addition to the user’s point of view, you can also build business processes and corresponding data systems from the perspective of goods, orders and stores.

    Because users have a life cycle, goods also have a life cycle, from shelves, orders, transactions, to emptying inventory. A set of commodity data index system can also be established.

    Based on the above data definition and business process explanation, we can first establish a set of data index system that is as perfect as possible, that is, covering all business processes and business perspectives.

    In this BI system, through the indicators of different dimensions, it is built layer by layer.

    The article "Long Dry Goods" explains the e-commerce data index system in detail.

    Users are the foundation of the "people-goods-field" system of e-commerce. No one comes, no matter how high-quality goods and luxurious fields are, it doesn’t make any sense.

    Only by operating users well can transformation be formed.

    1) Basic user attributes

    • Age;
    • Gender;
    • Provinces;
    • City;
    • Type: for example, the current identity of the user, such as student, white-collar worker, etc.
    • Risk level: In many installment e-commerce businesses involving finance, the user’s risk level is an important attribute, which determines whether the user can obtain the quota and use installment shopping.

    The basic attributes of the above users are mainly to help the platform build user portraits and analyze users’ e-commerce consumption preferences.

    2) User’s trading behavior

    • Days since the last transaction order;
    • The amount of the last transaction order;
    • Number of historical transaction orders;
    • Historical transaction order amount.

    Through the first two indicators, we can judge the current active state of the user and whether it is necessary to align for activation or recall.

    Through the latter two indicators, we can clearly calculate the customer unit price of the user, that is, the ARPU value of the user, which is the key to measure the user value.

    3) User life cycle

    • Number of registered users: number of registered e-commerce platform users;
    • Number of active users: the number of users who log in to the APP;
    • Number of users browsing business details: the number of users browsing the product details page;
    • Number of new users: the number of users with 0 historical transaction orders;
    • Number of old users: the number of users with historical transaction orders greater than 0;
    • Number of repurchased users: the number of users with historical transaction orders greater than 1;
    • Number of silent users: the number of users who have logged in the APP for more than 30 days and less than 90 days;
    • Number of lost users: the number of users who have logged into the APP for 90 days or more.

    Differentiating users according to their life cycle is conducive to the hierarchical and refined operation of users. Different operation strategies are adopted for users at different stages. For example, new users can be urged to complete their first order as soon as possible through new coupons and push, and the number of silent users can be recalled through SMS and exclusive offers.

    It should be noted that different platforms have different definitions of their own silent and lost users. Some platforms will judge by activity, while others will judge by transaction. This time, it is only for reference, and it needs to be formulated in combination with its own platform characteristics and business demands.

    After users come in, the first pages to accept users are all levels, including APP access, home page, activity pages, business details pages and clicks on elements in each page. These are the key indicators of traffic statistics.

    1)APP

    • Number of APP openers;
    • APP opening times;
    • Each tab is exposed to uv;
    • Expose PV for each tab;
    • Click uv on each tab;
    • Click PV for each tab;
    • UV click rate of each tab = click uv of each tab/expose uv of each tab;
    • The PV click rate of each tab = each tab clicks on PV/ each tab exposes PV.

    In general, we define the number of people who open the APP as the number of activities, so we need to measure the activity by counting the number and times of opening the APP.

    There are many bottom tabs in current apps, such as Taobao’s home page, shopping, messages, shopping cart and my Taobao.

    Each tab will have a corresponding exposure and click, and the click rate can be calculated according to this.

    The article "Long Dry Goods" explains the e-commerce data index system in detail.

    2) Active Page

    • Page exposure uv;
    • Page exposure PV;
    • Click uv on the page;
    • Click PV on the page;
    • Page UV click rate = page click UV/ page exposure UV;
    • Page PV click rate = page click PV/ page exposure PV;
    • Per capita exposure = page exposure PV/ page exposure UV;
    • Per capita click = page click PV/ page click UV.

    Activity pages include home page, activity pages at all levels, and channel pages. For the statistical traffic of pages, the most important thing is exposure and clicking, so that the traffic of an activity page can be judged.

    You can also refer to the per capita click, click rate and other indicators to judge the attractiveness of a single activity page to users.

    3) Active Page Element

    • Element exposure UV
    • Element exposure PV
    • Element click UV
    • Element click PV
    • Element UV click rate = element click UV/ element exposure UV
    • Element PV click rate = element click PV/ element exposure PV
    • Per capita exposure = element exposure PV/ element exposure UV
    • Per capita click = element click PV/ element click UV

    Active page elements refer to the elements in the above pages, such as package station, banner, icon, feed stream, advertising space, pop-up window and floating.

    This is the important data for the traffic monitoring of the active page. Only by knowing the click rate of each element can we know which content users are more interested in, and then guide the operation to design and adjust the page.

    Especially for the placement of advertising space, many platforms need internal competition for the content of advertising space.

    One of the main bases of competition is the click-through rate. If the content delivered has a high click-through rate, it means that the delivery value is relatively higher. Of course, this needs to be viewed in combination with the subsequent transformation.

    4) Business details

    • Business details page uv;
    • Business details page PV;
    • Add a shopping cart and click UV;
    • Add a shopping cart and click PV;
    • Buy now and click UV;
    • Buy now, click PV.

    The product details page is an important page in the payment process of ordering, which mainly records the user’s browsing and jumping to place an order.

    In addition to basic browsing data, clicking on the car and buying data.

    In fact, there are many modules in the business details page, such as the coupon layer, whether the user clicks to see which coupons are available and clicks to collect them.

    In the actual embedding point, all the browsing and clicking of the bomb layer should have embedding points, and according to the business needs, the browsing and clicking data of the corresponding module on the page can be observed.

    The article "Long Dry Goods" explains the e-commerce data index system in detail.

    5) Order page

    • Confirm the order page UV;
    • Confirm the order page PV;
    • Submit the order and click UV;
    • Submit the order and click PV.

    The order confirmation page is also the core page of the order payment process. When users want to place an order for payment, they must go through the order confirmation page to confirm the relevant information of the order, and then jump to payment.

    Among them, page browsing data and click-to-submit order data are the most important, which are the key data indicators of the funnel of order placing process.

    There are other modules that can also be properly concerned, such as the coupon layer, whether the user clicks to see which coupons are available and clicks to use them; Select the receiving address, elastic layer, etc.

    The article "Long Dry Goods" explains the e-commerce data index system in detail.

    6) Payment page

    • Payment page uv;
    • Payment page PV;
    • Click uv to pay the order;
    • Click PV to pay the order.

    The payment page is the last page of the payment process, and it is also the key to the transaction. Only when the user finally makes a transaction will it mean the improvement of GMV. The payment page is also commonly called the cashier page.

    Page browsing data and pay-per-click data are the most important, which are the key data indicators of the order process funnel.

    Many platforms will also open other functions at the checkout counter, such as choosing different payment methods, supporting the choice of installment payment and choosing different installment numbers, and observing users’ payment preferences through their clicks.

    The article "Long Dry Goods" explains the e-commerce data index system in detail.

    In e-commerce business, search is a very important business entrance. When users have no clear purchase target, they may browse the recommended products in the feed stream.

    But when users have a very clear purchase goal, search is always the first entrance for users.

    1) Search the basic situation

    • Search exposure uv;
    • Search exposure PV;
    • Search and click PV;
    • Search and click PV;
    • Search UV usage rate = search click UV/ search exposure UV;
    • Search PV utilization rate = search click PV/ search exposure PV;
    • Number of searches per capita = search click PV/ search click UV;
    • Per capita search terms = (search results words+search results words)/search clicks UV.

    Search portals will exist in multiple pages, usually on the home page, so that users can clearly see them, so it is necessary to record their exposure and click data and analyze the user’s use of search.

    In addition, we can observe the number of searches per capita and the number of words. If users search a lot, on the one hand, it shows that their purpose of coming to the platform is clear, on the other hand, they need to pay attention to whether the relevant recommendations are not accurate enough, which leads users to use search frequently.

    The article "Long Dry Goods" explains the e-commerce data index system in detail.

    2) Search has results

    • Search has results uv;
    • Search has a result PV;
    • Search for results, click on the results UV;
    • Search for results and click on the results PV;
    • Search results without clicking UV;
    • Search results without clicking UV proportion = search results without clicking UV https://www.woshipm.com/data-analysis/search results with UV;
    • Search for the amount of words with results;
    • Search for the number of words with results and no clicks;
    • Proportion of words with search results without clicking = words with search results without clicking/words with search results.

    According to the search results, it can be divided into search with results and search without results. When the search has results, you can check the number and times of people who have search results and whether they click after the results.

    If the search has results, but the proportion of no clicks is high, it may be necessary to pay attention to whether the search results are not accurate enough, and the products searched out are not what users want, so users don’t want to click.

    The article "Long Dry Goods" explains the e-commerce data index system in detail.

    3) Search has no results

    • Search for no results uv;
    • Search for no result PV;
    • Proportion of people who search for no results = search for no results UV/search click UV;
    • Search for fruitless words;
    • Proportion of search words without results = search words without results/(search words with results+search words without results).

    Compared with the search with results, the search without results needs to focus on the problem of word quantity.

    If there are a lot of words with no results, and the proportion is high, it means that there is a shortage of goods or the search matching algorithm needs to be optimized.

    When the proportion of users who have no results in the overall search increases, they need to pay attention to the optimization of search products immediately. If more and more users come to search but don’t get feedback, then more and more users will be lost.

    In the search data, the observation idea can be:

    1. Pay attention to the data without results first, reduce the proportion of search without results, and ensure that users can find things;
    2. Then pay attention to the data with results, reduce the proportion of results without clicks, and ensure that what the user finds is what he wants;
    3. Finally, pay attention to the click data with results, and judge whether the things searched and clicked by users have finally formed a transformation.

    Commodities mainly depend on their sales volume and profit, with sales volume paid by placing orders and profit by gross profit.

    1) Basic information of commodities

    • Quantity of commodities;
    • New quantity of goods;
    • The number of goods in stock;
    • No inventory quantity of goods;
    • The goods are sold in quantity;
    • No sales quantity of goods;
    • New rate of goods = new quantity of goods/quantity of goods;
    • Sales rate of commodities = quantity of commodities sold/quantity of commodities;
    • The unsalable rate of commodities = unsold quantity of commodities/quantity of commodities;
    • Commodity dumping rate = quantity of goods out of stock/quantity of goods.

    The quantity of goods reflects the ability of "goods" in e-commerce, and transactions can only be made if goods are available first.

    But in addition, we need to pay attention to several major indicators, and whether the new rate feedback platform on commodities has continuously iteratively updated commodities.

    The sales rate of commodities ensures that not only commodities are available, but also people buy them.

    If the slow-moving rate of video is too high, we need to take corresponding measures to enhance the exposure of long-tail goods.

    If the commodity dumping rate is high, on the one hand, it can reflect the preferences of platform users, on the other hand, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the supply chain is complete and whether iterative optimization is needed to support commodity sales.

    2) Commodity sales

    • Number of people placing orders;
    • Number of orders placed;
    • Order amount;
    • Number of payers;
    • Payment odd number;
    • Payment amount.

    The data indicators of goods ordering and payment mainly feed back the sales of goods.

    3) Commodity profit

    • Gross profit of self-operated goods = transaction amount-procurement cost-storage cost-logistics cost+rebate;
    • Gross profit of pop products = transaction amount * deduction ratio-platform promotion expenses.

    The profit of commodities can be divided into self-operated commodities and pop commodities to calculate.

    For the big platform, there are both self-operated goods and shops, and the profit of the platform is calculated by deducting points.

    The gross profit of self-operated goods needs to deduct the purchase cost, storage cost and logistics cost from the transaction amount of goods.

    In addition, there may be cooperation with the brand, and the corresponding rebate can be obtained for selling a certain commodity, which is also part of the income.

    It should be noted that only the gross profit of goods is considered here, all from the perspective of goods, such as labor costs are not taken into account.

    For pop goods, that is, goods sold in stores, the commission is generally calculated by deducting the proportion of points, and at the same time, the promotion expenses spent by the platform, such as the amount of coupons issued by the platform, are deducted.

    Order is the core of e-commerce system and the key to all transformation and statistics. The whole order process includes ordering, payment, completion and after-sales.

    1) Place an order

    • Number of orders placed;
    • Number of people placing orders;
    • Order amount.

    2) Deal

    • Number of transactions;
    • Number of transactions;
    • Transaction amount;
    • Unit price of clinched a deal = clinched a deal amount/clinched a deal quantity;
    • Transaction customer unit price = transaction amount/number of transactions;
    • Turnover rate = turnover/order number;
    • Transaction order conversion rate = transaction quantity/order quantity.

    In addition to the basic order transaction index, it is also necessary to observe the customer unit price, which is the key to measure the user’s value, and can also understand the user’s consumption habits.

    In addition, through the conversion rate of the transaction, we can check the loss of the order, and then optimize the process funnel of payment under the order.

    3) Close the bill

    • Quantity of customs clearance;
    • Number of people closing the bill;
    • Amount of customs clearance;
    • Automatic closing quantity;
    • Manual closing quantity.

    Order closing includes that the user cancels the order voluntarily or the system cancels the order for various reasons.

    In addition to paying attention to quantity, we need to pay attention to the specific reasons for closing orders, such as the classification of the reasons why users cancel orders voluntarily, whether the price is too high or the quality is not good.

    It is equivalent to a user survey, so as to iterate according to user feedback.

    4) After sale

    • Number of after-sales orders;
    • Number of after-sales orders;
    • Number of successful after-sales orders;
    • Number of failed after-sales orders.

    After-sale forms generally include refund, return and exchange. Observing the quantity of after-sales orders and the number of people can confirm the performance quality of orders. If the quantity of after-sales orders is too high, it indicates that there are problems in the quality and service of goods.

    At the same time, we should also pay attention to the results of after-sales orders and judge whether we have provided good after-sales service for users.

    E-commerce marketing is mostly completed through coupons and various promotional activities, including single product direct drop activities, full discount activities, and group activities. The basic measurement indicators of different activities are similar, but there are some gaps in the corresponding indicators because of the different settings of coupons.

    1) coupons

    • Circulation;
    • Number of recipients;
    • Number of coupons received;
    • Collection rate = number of coupons received/circulation;
    • Number of people using coupons;
    • Number of coupons used;
    • Coupon rate = number of coupons used/number of coupons received;
    • Number of people placing orders with coupons;
    • Number of orders placed with coupons;
    • The amount of the order with the coupon;
    • Number of people paid by coupons;
    • Pay the single amount with coupons;
    • The amount paid by coupons;
    • Coupon investment amount = coupon payment amount * coupon denomination;
    • Coupon ROI= coupon investment amount/coupon payment amount.

    The coupon collection rate and coupon utilization rate can help operators find the funnel problem, whether users do not collect coupons or place orders without coupons after receiving them.

    The ROI of coupons is the key to measure the value of coupon activities. The order amount brought by coupons can be confirmed by paying the amount with coupons, and then the total input cost can be obtained by multiplying the total number of coupons consumed by the coupon denomination, and finally the input-output ratio can be calculated.

    2) Activities

    • Number of people placing orders at the event;
    • Number of active orders;
    • Activity order amount;
    • Number of people paying for activities;
    • Activity payment bill quantity;
    • Activity payment amount;
    • Amount invested in the activity;
    • Activity ROI= activity input amount/activity payment amount;
    • Activity indicators are similar to coupons, mainly taking ROI as a measure of activity value.

    The above indicators such as traffic, orders, commodities, marketing, etc. can be used not only for platform self-operation, but also for the operation measurement of platform-settled merchants.

    If there is a platform with both self-operated and pop merchants like JD.COM, you only need to apply different indicators to different objects.

    Data is a reliable basis for business improvement and iteration, a powerful basis for upgrading and transformation, and a reliable basis for strategic decision-making.

    It represents the user’s behavior habits and ways, and it needs to be calculated, observed and analyzed to see the conclusion.

    Data plays an irreplaceable role in e-commerce and is the guarantee for its continuous development.

    Only by building a complete and clear data index system can we achieve business transformation through data promotion.

    The core of e-commerce data indicators includes users, traffic, search, goods, orders and marketing.

    Each company and business may be slightly different, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and finally build a data system that matches its own business.

     

    Author: Ball, WeChat WeChat official account: product balls.

    This article was originally published by @ yo-yo. Everyone is a product manager. It is forbidden to reprint without permission.

    The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

    Statistical Communiqué on National Economic and Social Development of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 2021

      Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 28th

      Statistical Communiqué on National Economic and Social Development of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 2021[1]

      National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)

      February 28, 2022

      2021 is a landmark year in the history of the party and the country. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, all localities and departments adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and its previous plenary sessions, carry forward the great spirit of party building, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, comprehensively deepen reform and opening up, persist in innovation-driven development, and promote high-quality development. We solemnly celebrated the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), achieved the goal of the first centenary, started a new journey towards the goal of the second centenary, calmly responded to the changes in the past century and the epidemic in the century, took new steps in building a new development pattern, achieved new results in high-quality development, and achieved a good start in the 14 th Five-Year Plan. China’s economic development and epidemic prevention and control have maintained a leading position in the world, the national strategic scientific and technological strength has been accelerated, the toughness of the industrial chain has been improved, the reform and opening up have been deepened, the people’s livelihood has been effectively guaranteed, and the construction of ecological civilization has been continuously promoted. These achievements are the result of the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and the concerted efforts and hard work of the whole party and people of all ethnic groups throughout the country.

      I. Synthesis

      According to preliminary accounting, the annual GDP [2] was 114,367 billion yuan, an increase of 8.1% over the previous year, with an average growth of [3]5.1% in two years. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 8,308.6 billion yuan, an increase of 7.1% over the previous year; The added value of the secondary industry was 45,090.4 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 60,968 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2%. The added value of the primary industry accounts for 7.3% of GDP, the added value of the secondary industry accounts for 39.4%, and the added value of the tertiary industry accounts for 53.3%. The final consumption expenditure of the whole year boosted GDP growth by 5.3 percentage points, the total capital formation boosted GDP growth by 1.1 percentage points, and the net export of goods and services boosted GDP growth by 1.7 percentage points. The annual per capita GDP was 80,976 yuan, an increase of 8.0% over the previous year. The gross national income [4] was 113,351.8 billion yuan, up by 7.9% over the previous year. The overall labor productivity [5] was 146,380 yuan/person, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year.

      At the end of the year, the population of China was [7] 1,412.6 million, an increase of 480,000 over the end of last year, including 914.25 million urban residents. The annual birth population was 10.62 million, and the birth rate was 7.52&permil. ; The death population was 10.14 million, with a mortality rate of 7.18‰ ; The natural growth rate is 0.34‰ . There are [8] 504 million people separated from their families in China, including [9] 385 million floating population.

      At the end of the year, there were 746.52 million employed people in China, including 467.73 million employed people in cities and towns, accounting for 62.7% of the total employed people in China, up 1.1 percentage points from the end of last year. In 2001, 12.69 million new jobs were created in cities and towns, an increase of 830,000 over the previous year. The national urban survey unemployment rate averaged 5.1% in the whole year. At the end of the year, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 5.1%, and the registered urban unemployment rate was 3.96%. The total number of migrant workers [11] in China was 292.51 million, an increase of 2.4% over the previous year. Among them, there were 171.72 million migrant workers, an increase of 1.3%; There were 120.79 million local migrant workers, an increase of 4.1%.

      The annual consumer price rose by 0.9% over the previous year. The ex-factory price of industrial producers rose by 8.1%. The purchase price of industrial producers rose by 11.0%. The producer price of agricultural products [12] decreased by 2.2%. In December, among 70 large and medium-sized cities, the sales price of new commercial housing increased in 53 cities and decreased in 17 cities. The number of cities where the sales price of second-hand houses increased year-on-year was 43, while that of one was flat and that of 26 was down.

      At the end of the year, China’s foreign exchange reserves reached 3,250.2 billion US dollars, an increase of 33.6 billion US dollars over the end of last year. The annual average exchange rate of RMB was 6.4515 yuan to the dollar, an increase of 6.9% over the previous year.

      New industries, new formats and new models have accelerated their growth. Among the industries above designated size, the added value of high-tech manufacturing [14] increased by 18.2% over the previous year, accounting for 15.1% of the added value of industries above designated size; The added value of equipment manufacturing [15] increased by 12.9%, accounting for 32.4% of the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size. Among the service industries above designated size [16], the operating income of strategic emerging service industries [17] increased by 16.0% over the previous year. The annual investment in high-tech industries [18] increased by 17.1% over the previous year. The annual output of new energy vehicles was 3.677 million, an increase of 152.5% over the previous year; The output of integrated circuits was 359.43 billion, an increase of 37.5%. The annual online retail sales reached 13,088.4 billion yuan, an increase of 14.1% compared with the previous year. In the whole year, there were 28.87 million newly registered market entities, with an average of 25,000 newly registered enterprises per day. At the end of the year, the total number of market entities reached 150 million.

      The coordinated development of urban and rural areas has been solidly promoted. At the end of the year, the urbanization rate of permanent residents in China was 64.72%, an increase of 0.83 percentage points over the end of the previous year. By region [20], the GDP of the eastern region was 59,220.2 billion yuan, an increase of 8.1% over the previous year; The GDP of the central region was 25,013.2 billion yuan, an increase of 8.7%; The gross domestic product of the western region was 23,971 billion yuan, an increase of 7.4%; The GDP of Northeast China was 5,569.9 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1%. The annual GDP of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 9,635.6 billion yuan, an increase of 7.3% over the previous year; The GDP of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was 53,022.8 billion yuan, an increase of 8.7%; The GDP of the Yangtze River Delta was 27,605.4 billion yuan, an increase of 8.4%. Major regional strategies such as the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin and high-quality development have been implemented in depth.

      New achievements have been made in ecological and environmental protection. The energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP in the whole year [22] decreased by 2.7% compared with the previous year. Among the 339 monitored cities at prefecture level and above, 64.3% of the cities met the air quality standards and 35.7% failed to meet the standards. The annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is 30 μ g/m3, which is 9.1% lower than the previous year. Among the 3641 national surface water assessment sections, the proportion of sections with excellent water quality (I-III) is 84.9%, the proportion of sections with class IV is 11.8%, the proportion of sections with class V is 2.2%, and the proportion of sections with poor class V is 1.2%.

      Second, agriculture

      The annual grain planting area was 117.63 million hectares, an increase of 860,000 hectares over the previous year. Among them, the rice planting area was 29.92 million hectares, a decrease of 150,000 hectares; The wheat planting area was 23.57 million hectares, an increase of 190,000 hectares; The planting area of corn was 43.32 million hectares, an increase of 2.06 million hectares. The cotton planting area was 3.03 million hectares, a decrease of 140,000 hectares. The oil planting area was 13.1 million hectares, a decrease of 30,000 hectares. The planting area of sugar was 1.46 million hectares, a decrease of 110,000 hectares.

      The annual grain output was 682.85 million tons, an increase of 13.36 million tons or 2.0% over the previous year. Among them, the output of summer grain was 145.96 million tons, an increase of 2.2%; The output of early rice was 28.02 million tons, an increase of 2.7%; The output of autumn grain was 508.88 million tons, an increase of 1.9%. The annual grain output was 632.76 million tons, an increase of 2.6% over the previous year. Among them, the rice output was 212.84 million tons, an increase of 0.5%; Wheat output was 136.95 million tons, an increase of 2.0%; The output of corn was 272.55 million tons, an increase of 4.6%.

      The annual cotton output was 5.73 million tons, a decrease of 3.0% over the previous year. Oil production was 36.13 million tons, an increase of 0.8%. The output of sugar was 114.51 million tons, a decrease of 4.7%. The output of tea was 3.18 million tons, an increase of 8.3%.

      The annual output of pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry was 88.87 million tons, up by 16.3% over the previous year. Among them, the output of pork was 52.96 million tons, an increase of 28.8%; The beef output was 6.98 million tons, an increase of 3.7%; The mutton output was 5.14 million tons, an increase of 4.4%; The output of poultry meat was 23.8 million tons, up by 0.8%. The output of poultry eggs was 34.09 million tons, down by 1.7%. The milk output was 36.83 million tons, up by 7.1%. At the end of the year, there were 449.22 million live pigs, an increase of 10.5% over the end of last year. In the whole year, 671.28 million pigs were slaughtered, an increase of 27.4% over the previous year.

      The annual output of aquatic products was 66.93 million tons, an increase of 2.2% over the previous year. Among them, the output of aquaculture products was 53.88 million tons, an increase of 3.1%; The output of fishing aquatic products was 13.05 million tons, down by 1.5%.

      The annual timber output was 98.88 million cubic meters, down 3.6% from the previous year.

      In the whole year, 460,000 hectares of cultivated land and 1.88 million hectares of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation were added.

      III. Industry and Construction Industry

      The total industrial added value of the whole year was 37,257.5 billion yuan, an increase of 9.6% over the previous year. The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 9.6%. In industries above designated size, the added value of state-owned holding enterprises increased by 8.0% according to economic types; Joint-stock enterprises increased by 9.8%, and foreign-invested enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan increased by 8.9%; Private enterprises increased by 10.2%. In terms of categories, the mining industry grew by 5.3%, the manufacturing industry by 9.8%, and the electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries by 11.4%.

      Among the industries above designated size, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industry increased by 7.7% over the previous year, textile industry increased by 1.4%, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry increased by 7.7%, non-metallic mineral products industry increased by 8.0%, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry increased by 1.2%, general equipment manufacturing industry increased by 12.4%, special equipment manufacturing industry increased by 12.6%, automobile manufacturing industry increased by 5.5%, and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 16.8.

      At the end of the year, the installed capacity of power generation in China was 2,376.92 million kilowatts, an increase of 7.9% over the end of last year. Among them, [26], the installed capacity of thermal power is 1,296.78 million kilowatts, an increase of 4.1%; The installed capacity of hydropower was 390.92 million kilowatts, an increase of 5.6%; The installed capacity of nuclear power was 53.26 million kilowatts, an increase of 6.8%; The installed capacity of grid-connected wind power is 328.48 million kilowatts, an increase of 16.6%; The installed capacity of grid-connected solar power generation was 306.56 million kilowatts, an increase of 20.9%.

      The annual profit of industrial enterprises above designated size was 8,709.2 billion yuan, an increase of [27]34.3% over the previous year. In terms of economic types, the profits of state-owned holding enterprises were 2,277 billion yuan, an increase of 56.0% over the previous year; Joint-stock enterprises reached 6,270.2 billion yuan, up 40.2%, and foreign-invested enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan reached 2,284.6 billion yuan, up 21.1%. Private enterprises totaled 2,915 billion yuan, an increase of 27.6%. In terms of categories, the profit of the mining industry was 1,039.1 billion yuan, an increase of 190.7% over the previous year; The manufacturing industry was 7,361.2 billion yuan, an increase of 31.6%; Electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries reached 308.9 billion yuan, down 41.9%. The annual cost per 100 yuan of operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 83.74 yuan, a decrease of 0.23 yuan over the previous year; The profit rate of operating income was 6.81%, an increase of 0.76 percentage points. At the end of the year, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 56.1%, down 0.1 percentage point from the end of the previous year. The utilization rate of industrial capacity in the whole year [28] was 77.5%.

      The added value of the construction industry in the whole year was 8,013.8 billion yuan, an increase of 2.1% over the previous year. The profit of general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification grade nationwide was 855.4 billion yuan, up by 1.3% over the previous year, of which 362 billion yuan was state-owned holding enterprises, up by 8.0%.

      Fourth, the service industry

      The added value of wholesale and retail industry in the whole year was 11,049.3 billion yuan, an increase of 11.3% over the previous year; The added value of transportation, warehousing and postal services was 4,706.1 billion yuan, an increase of 12.1%; The added value of accommodation and catering industry was 1,785.3 billion yuan, an increase of 14.5%; The added value of the financial industry was 9,120.6 billion yuan, an increase of 4.8%; The added value of the real estate industry was 7,756.1 billion yuan, up by 5.2%; The added value of information transmission, software and information technology services was 4,395.6 billion yuan, an increase of 17.2%; The added value of leasing and business services was 3,535 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2%. The operating income of service enterprises above designated size increased by 18.7% over the previous year, and the total profit increased by 13.4%.

      The total volume of cargo transportation in the whole year was [2.9] 53 billion tons, and the turnover of cargo transportation was 22,357.4 billion tons-kilometers. In 2001, the port handled 15.5 billion tons of goods, up 6.8% over the previous year, including 4.7 billion tons of foreign trade goods, up 4.5%. The port container throughput was 282.72 million TEUs, up by 7.0%.

      The total number of passengers transported in the whole year was 8.3 billion, down by 14.1% over the previous year. Passenger transport turnover was 1,975.8 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 2.6%.

      At the end of the year, there were 301.51 million civilian cars (including 7.32 million tricycles and low-speed trucks), an increase of 20.64 million over the end of last year, of which 262.46 million were private cars, an increase of 18.52 million. The number of civilian cars was 167.39 million, an increase of 10.99 million, including 157.32 million private cars, an increase of 10.59 million.

      In the whole year, the total business volume of the postal industry was 1,369.8 billion yuan, an increase of 25.1% over the previous year. The postal industry completed 1.09 billion postal mail business, 20 million parcel business, 108.30 billion express delivery business, and the income from express delivery business was 1,033.2 billion yuan. In 2001, the total telecom business volume reached 1,696 billion yuan, an increase of 27.8% over the previous year. By the end of the year, there were 9.96 million mobile phone base stations, including 5.9 million 4G base stations and 1.43 million 5G base stations. The total number of telephone users in China is 1,823.53 million, including 1,642.83 million mobile phone users. The mobile phone penetration rate is 116.3/100 people. There were [33] 535.79 million fixed Internet broadband access users, an increase of 52.24 million over the end of last year, of which [34] 505.51 million fixed Internet fiber broadband access users, an increase of 51.36 million. There were 1.399 billion end users of cellular Internet of Things [3.5], an increase of 264 million. There are 1.032 billion Internet users, including 1.029 billion mobile phone users. The Internet penetration rate is 73.0%, of which 57.6% is in rural areas. In 2001, the access traffic of mobile Internet users was 221.6 billion GB, an increase of 33.9% over the previous year. The software and information technology service industry [37] completed software business income of 9,499.4 billion yuan in 2001, an increase of 17.7% over the previous year in terms of comparable caliber.

      V. Domestic trade

      The total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole year was 44,082.3 billion yuan, an increase of 12.5% over the previous year. According to the statistics of business locations, the retail sales of urban consumer goods reached 38,155.8 billion yuan, up by 12.5%. The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 5,926.5 billion yuan, up by 12.1%. According to the consumption type, the retail sales of commodities reached 39,392.8 billion yuan, an increase of 11.8%. The catering revenue was 4,689.5 billion yuan, an increase of 18.6%.

      Among the retail sales of commodities above designated size in the whole year, the retail sales of grain, oil and food increased by 10.8%, beverages by 20.4%, tobacco and alcohol by 21.2%, clothing, shoes, hats and knitwear by 12.7%, cosmetics by 14.0%, gold and silver jewelry by 29.8%, daily necessities by 14.4%, household appliances and audio-visual equipment by 10.0%. Cultural office supplies increased by 18.8%, furniture by 14.5%, communication equipment by 14.6%, building and decoration materials by 20.4%, petroleum and products by 21.2% and automobiles by 7.6%.

      The annual online retail sales of physical goods reached 10,804.2 billion yuan, an increase of 12.0% over the previous year, accounting for 24.5% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods.

      VI. Investment in fixed assets

      In the whole year, the investment in fixed assets of the whole society was [3.8] 552884 billion yuan, an increase of 4.9% over the previous year. Investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) was 54,454.7 billion yuan, an increase of 4.9%. In fixed assets investment (excluding farmers), by region [39], investment in the eastern region increased by 6.4%, investment in the central region increased by 10.2%, investment in the western region increased by 3.9%, and investment in the northeast region increased by 5.7%.

      In fixed assets investment (excluding farmers), the investment in primary industry was 1,427.5 billion yuan, up by 9.1% over the previous year; The investment in the secondary industry was 16,739.5 billion yuan, an increase of 11.3%; Investment in the tertiary industry was 36,287.7 billion yuan, an increase of 2.1%. Private investment in fixed assets [40] was 30,765.9 billion yuan, up by 7.0%. Infrastructure investment [41] increased by 0.4%. Investment in social fields [42] increased by 10.7%.

      The annual investment in real estate development was 14,760.2 billion yuan, an increase of 4.4% over the previous year. Among them, residential investment was 11,117.3 billion yuan, an increase of 6.4%; The investment in office buildings was 597.4 billion yuan, down by 8.0%; Investment in commercial premises was 1,244.5 billion yuan, down 4.8%. At the end of the year, the area of commercial housing for sale was 510.23 million square meters, an increase of 11.73 million square meters over the end of the previous year, of which the area of commercial housing for sale was 227.61 million square meters, an increase of 3.81 million square meters.

      In the whole year, 1.65 million shanty towns were renovated, and 2.05 million were basically completed. Construction of affordable rental housing nationwide started and 940,000 sets were raised.

      VII. Foreign Economy

      The total import and export volume of goods in the whole year was 39.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 21.4% over the previous year. Among them, exports were 21,734.8 billion yuan, an increase of 21.2%; Imports reached 17,366.1 billion yuan, an increase of 21.5%. The import and export surplus of goods was 4,368.7 billion yuan, an increase of 734.4 billion yuan over the previous year. The total import and export volume of countries along the "Belt and Road" [44] was 11,597.9 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6% over the previous year. Among them, exports were 6,592.4 billion yuan, up by 21.5%; Imports reached 5,005.5 billion yuan, an increase of 26.4%.

      The total import and export of services in the year was 5,298.3 billion yuan, an increase of 16.1% over the previous year. Among them, service exports were 2,543.5 billion yuan, an increase of 31.4%; Service imports reached 2,754.8 billion yuan, up 4.8%. The service import and export deficit was 211.3 billion yuan.

      In 2001, 47,643 enterprises were newly established by foreign direct investment (excluding banking, securities and insurance), an increase of 23.5% over the previous year. The actual amount of foreign direct investment was 1,149.4 billion yuan, up by 14.9%, or 173.5 billion US dollars, up by 20.2%. Among them, 5,336 enterprises were newly established by countries along the "Belt and Road" for direct investment in China (including investment in China through some free ports), an increase of 24.3%; The amount of direct investment in China was 74.3 billion yuan, up by 29.4%, or 11.2 billion dollars, up by 36.0%. In 2001, the actual use of foreign capital in high-tech industries was 346.9 billion yuan, up by 17.1%, or 52.2 billion dollars, up by 22.1%.

      In 2001, foreign non-financial direct investment was 733.2 billion yuan, down 3.5% from the previous year, or US$ 113.6 billion, up 3.2%. Among them, the non-financial direct investment in countries along the "Belt and Road" was 20.3 billion US dollars, an increase of 14.1%.

      In 2001, the turnover of foreign contracted projects was 999.6 billion yuan, down 7.1% from the previous year, or 154.9 billion US dollars, down 0.6%. Among them, the turnover of countries along the "Belt and Road" was 89.7 billion US dollars, down by 1.6%, accounting for 57.9% of the turnover of foreign contracted projects. Foreign labor cooperation sent 320,000 laborers of various types.

      VIII. Finance and finance

      In the whole year, the national general public budget revenue was 20,253.9 billion yuan, up by 10.7% over the previous year, of which tax revenue was 17,273.1 billion yuan, up by 11.9%. The national general public budget expenditure was 24,632.2 billion yuan, up by 0.3% over the previous year. The annual tax reduction and fee reduction was about 1.1 trillion yuan.

      At the end of the year, the balance of broad money supply (M2) was 238.3 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.0% over the end of last year. The balance of narrow money supply (M1) was 64.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 3.5%; The balance of money in circulation (M0) was 9.1 trillion yuan, up by 7.7%.

      In the whole year, the scale of social financing increased by [45]31.4 trillion yuan, which was 3.4 trillion yuan less than that of the previous year. At the end of the year, the stock of social financing scale was [46]314.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.3% compared with the end of the previous year, of which the balance of RMB loans to the real economy was 191.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 11.6%. At the end of the year, the balance of local and foreign currency deposits of all financial institutions was 238.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 20.2 trillion yuan over the beginning of the year, of which the balance of RMB deposits was 232.3 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.7 trillion yuan. The balance of local and foreign currency loans of all financial institutions was 198.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 20.1 trillion yuan, of which the balance of RMB loans was 192.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.9 trillion yuan. The balance of RMB inclusive finance loan [47] was 26.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.0 trillion yuan.

      At the end of the year, the balance of RMB loans of major rural financial institutions (rural credit cooperatives, rural cooperative banks and rural commercial banks) was 24,249.6 billion yuan, an increase of 2,660.7 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. The balance of RMB consumer loans of all financial institutions was 54,884.9 billion yuan, an increase of 5,318.1 billion yuan. Among them, the balance of personal short-term consumer loans was 9,355.8 billion yuan, an increase of 608 billion yuan; The balance of personal medium and long-term consumer loans was 45,529.2 billion yuan, an increase of 4,710.1 billion yuan.

      In the whole year, the accumulated fund-raising of A shares in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges was 1,674.3 billion yuan, an increase of 132.6 billion yuan over the previous year. The Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges issued 481 initial public offerings of A shares, raising 535.1 billion yuan, an increase of 60.9 billion yuan over the previous year, including 162 science and technology innovation board stocks, raising 202.9 billion yuan; The refinancing of A shares in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (including public issuance, private placement, allotment, preference shares and convertible bonds) was 1,139.1 billion yuan, an increase of 71.7 billion yuan. Beijing Stock Exchange publicly issued 11 shares, raising [4.9] 2.1 billion yuan. Throughout the year, various entities raised 8,655.3 billion yuan by issuing bonds (including corporate bonds, convertible bonds, exchangeable bonds, policy financial bonds, local government bonds and enterprise asset-backed securities) on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, an increase of 177.6 billion yuan over the previous year. There are 6,932 listed companies in the national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises [50], and the listed companies have raised 26 billion yuan in shares in the whole year.

      Corporate credit bonds [51] were issued in 14.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 0.5 trillion yuan over the previous year.

      In the whole year, the original insurance premium income of insurance companies was [5.2] 4.49 trillion yuan, an increase of 4.0% over the previous year in terms of comparable caliber. Among them, the original insurance premium income of life insurance business was 2,357.2 billion yuan, the original insurance premium income of health insurance and accidental injury insurance business was 965.7 billion yuan, and the original insurance premium income of property insurance business was 1,167.1 billion yuan. Pay all kinds of reparations and pay 1,560.9 billion yuan. Among them, life insurance paid 354 billion yuan, health insurance and accident insurance paid 438.1 billion yuan, and property insurance paid 768.7 billion yuan.

      Income, consumption and social security of residents

      In the whole year, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 35,128 yuan, an increase of 9.1% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, the real increase was 8.1%. The median per capita disposable income of national residents [53] was 29,975 yuan, an increase of 8.8%. According to the place of permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 47,412 yuan, an increase of 8.2% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, the real increase was 7.1%. The median per capita disposable income of urban residents was 43,504 yuan, an increase of 7.7%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 18,931 yuan, an increase of 10.5% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, the real increase was 9.7%. The median per capita disposable income of rural residents was 16,902 yuan, an increase of 11.2%. The per capita disposable income ratio of urban and rural residents was 2.50, which was 0.06 lower than that of the previous year. According to the national income quintile [54], the per capita disposable income of the low-income group is 8333 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the lower-middle income group is 18445 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the middle-income group is 29053 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the upper-middle income group is 44949 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of the high-income group is 85836 yuan. The average monthly income of migrant workers nationwide was 4,432 yuan, an increase of 8.8% over the previous year. The annual per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken counties [55] was 14,051 yuan, an increase of 11.6% over the previous year, with a real increase of 10.8% after deducting the price factor.

      In the whole year, the per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents was 24,100 yuan, up by 13.6% over the previous year, with a real increase of 12.6% after deducting the price factor. Among them, the per capita service consumption expenditure [56] was 10,645 yuan, an increase of 17.8% over the previous year, accounting for 44.2% of the per capita consumption expenditure of residents. According to the place of permanent residence, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 30,307 yuan, an increase of 12.2%. After deducting the price factor, the actual increase was 11.1%. The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 15,916 yuan, an increase of 16.1%. After deducting the price factor, the actual increase was 15.3%. The Engel’s coefficient of national residents is 29.8%, including 28.6% in urban areas and 32.7% in rural areas.

      At the end of the year, the number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban workers nationwide was 480.75 million, an increase of 24.54 million over the end of last year. The number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents was 547.97 million, an increase of 5.54 million. The number of people participating in basic medical insurance was 1,364.24 million, an increase of 2.93 million. Among them, 354.22 million people participated in the basic medical insurance for employees, an increase of 9.67 million; The number of people who participated in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents was 1,010.02 million. The number of people participating in unemployment insurance was 229.58 million, an increase of 12.68 million. At the end of the year, the number of people receiving unemployment insurance benefits nationwide was 2.59 million. The number of people participating in industrial injury insurance was 282.84 million, an increase of 15.21 million, of which 90.86 million were migrant workers, an increase of 1.52 million. The number of people participating in maternity insurance was 238.51 million, an increase of 2.83 million. At the end of the year, a total of 7.38 million people in China enjoyed the urban minimum living security, 34.74 million people enjoyed the rural minimum living security, 4.38 million people enjoyed the assistance and support of rural poor people, and 10.89 million people received temporary assistance. In 2001, the state provided pensions and subsidies to 8.17 million ex-servicemen and other special care recipients.

      At the end of the year, there were 43,000 civil service organizations providing accommodation in China, including 40,000 institutions for the aged and 801 institutions for the welfare, assistance and protection of children. There are [59] 8.402 million beds for civil affairs services, including 8.135 million beds for the aged and 96,000 beds for children’s welfare and rescue and protection institutions. By the end of the year, there were 29,000 community service centers and 472,000 community service stations.

      X. Science, Technology and Education

      The annual expenditure on research and experimental development (R&D) was 2,786.4 billion yuan, up by 14.2% over the previous year, accounting for 2.44% of the GDP, including 169.6 billion yuan for basic research. The National Natural Science Foundation supported 48,700 projects. By the end of the year, there were 533 state key laboratories in operation, 191 national engineering research centers, 1,636 national enterprise technology centers and 212 demonstration bases for mass entrepreneurship and innovation. The National Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Guidance Fund has set up a total of 36 Zhi Zi Funds with a total capital of 62.4 billion yuan. There are 1,287 state-level science and technology business incubators [60], and 2,551 national record creation spaces [61]. In the whole year, 4.601 million patents were granted, an increase of 26.4% over the previous year; The number of PCT patent applications accepted was [62] 73,000. By the end of the year, there were 15.421 million valid patents, including 2.704 million domestic valid invention patents. The number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 population is 7.5 [63]. In 2001, 7.739 million trademarks were registered, an increase of 34.3% over the previous year. A total of 670,000 technology contracts were signed in 2001, with a turnover of 3,729.4 billion yuan, an increase of 32.0% over the previous year.

      52 space launches were successfully completed throughout the year. The Tianwen-1 probe successfully landed on Mars, and the Zhu Rong rover sailed on the surface of Mars. The Tianhe core module was successfully launched, and missions such as Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13 were carried out one after another. Chinese entered his own space station for the first time. Xi he’s Japanese exploration satellite was successfully launched. Zu Chongzhi II and Jiuzhang II were successfully developed, and our country realized the superiority of quantum computing in two physical systems: superconducting quantum and optical quantum. Haidou-1 all-depth unmanned submersible broke many world records. Hualong No.1 independent third-generation nuclear power unit put into commercial operation.

      At the end of the year, there were 869 national quality inspection centers in China. There are 932 certification bodies for product quality, system and service in China, and 870,000 enterprises have been certified. In the whole year, 2,815 national standards were formulated and revised, of which 1,900 were newly formulated. The annual qualified rate of manufacturing products [64] was 93.08%.

      In the whole year, there were 1.177 million students enrolled in postgraduate education, 3.332 million graduate students and 773,000 graduates. General and vocational colleges [65] enrolled 10.013 million students, 34.961 million students and 8.265 million graduates. Secondary vocational education [66] enrolled 6.562 million students, 17.385 million students and 4.841 million graduates. Ordinary high schools enrolled 9.05 million students, 26.05 million students and 7.802 million graduates. Junior high school enrolled 17.054 million students, 50.184 million students and 15.871 million graduates. Ordinary primary schools enrolled 17.826 million students, 107.799 million students and 17.18 million graduates. Special education enrolled 149,000 students, 920,000 students and 146,000 graduates. There are 48.052 million children in preschool education. The consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education is 95.4%, and the gross enrollment rate in senior high school is 91.4%.

      XI. Cultural Tourism, Health and Sports

      At the end of the year, there were 2,044 art performance groups and 3,671 museums in the national cultural and tourism system. There are 3,217 public libraries in China, with a total circulation of [67] 728.98 million people. There are 3317 cultural centers. There are 201 million cable TV users, including 195 million cable digital TV users. At the end of the year, the comprehensive population coverage rate of radio programs was 99.5%, and that of TV programs was 99.7%. In the whole year, 6736 episodes of 194 TV plays and 78372 minutes of TV cartoons were produced. In the whole year, 565 feature films and 175 science, education, documentary, animation and special films [68] were produced. It has published 27.6 billion newspapers, 2 billion periodicals and 11 billion books, with a per capita book possession of [69]7.76 books. By the end of the year, there were 4,233 archives in China, and 189.31 million volumes (pieces) of various archives had been opened. In the whole year, the operating income of cultural and related industries enterprises above designated size was 11,906.4 billion yuan, an increase of 16.0% over the previous year.

      In 2001, there were 3.25 billion domestic tourists, up by 12.8% over the previous year. Among them, there were 2.34 billion tourists from urban residents, an increase of 13.4%; Rural residents visited 900 million people, an increase of 11.1%. Domestic tourism revenue was 2,919.1 billion yuan, an increase of 31.0%. Among them, urban residents spent 2,364.4 billion yuan, an increase of 31.6%; Rural tourists spent 554.7 billion yuan, an increase of 28.4%.

      At the end of the year, there were 1.031 million medical and health institutions in China, including 37,000 hospitals, 12,000 public hospitals and 25,000 private hospitals. There are 977,000 primary medical and health institutions, including 35,000 township hospitals, 36,000 community health service centers (stations), 307,000 outpatient departments (institutes) and 599,000 village clinics; There are 13,000 professional public health institutions, including 3,380 centers for disease control and prevention and 2,790 health supervision centers. At the end of the year, there were 11.23 million health technicians, including 4.27 million licensed doctors and assistant licensed doctors and 5.02 million registered nurses. There are 9.57 million beds in medical and health institutions, including 7.48 million in hospitals and 1.44 million in township hospitals. In the whole year, the total number of medical consultations was [7] 8.53 billion, and the number of discharged patients was [7.1] 240 million. By the end of the year, 102,314 confirmed cases were reported in novel coronavirus, 94,792 cases were cured and 4,636 people died. A total of 2,835.33 million doses of novel coronavirus vaccine were reported nationwide. A total of 11,937 medical and health institutions in China provide novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection services, with a total detection capacity of 41.68 million copies per day.

      At the end of the year, there were [72] 3.971 million sports venues in China, with an area of [73] 3.41 billion square meters and a per capita sports venue area of 2.41 square meters. In the whole year, Chinese athletes won 67 world championships in 16 sports, creating 12 world records. At the 32nd Olympic Games, Chinese athletes won a total of 38 gold medals, with a total of 88 medals, ranking second in the Olympic gold medal list and medal list. China’s disabled athletes won 110 world championships in five international competitions. At the 16th Paralympic Games, Chinese athletes won 96 gold medals, with a total of 207 medals, ranking first in the gold medal list and medal list for the fifth time.

      XII. Resources, Environment and Emergency Management

      In the whole year, the total supply of state-owned construction land in China was [74] 690,000 hectares, an increase of 4.8% over the previous year. Among them, 175,000 hectares of industrial and mining storage land, an increase of 4.9%; Real estate land [750] 136,000 hectares, a decrease of 12.2%; Infrastructure land was 379,000 hectares, an increase of 12.7%.

      The total amount of water resources in the whole year was 2,952 billion cubic meters. The total annual water consumption was 592.1 billion cubic meters, an increase of 1.9% over the previous year. Among them, domestic water consumption increased by 5.3%, industrial water consumption increased by 2.0%, agricultural water consumption increased by 0.9%, and artificial ecological environment water supplement increased by 2.9%. The water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP was [76]54 cubic meters, down by 5.8%. The water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial added value was 31 cubic meters, down 7.0%. The per capita water consumption was 419 cubic meters, an increase of 1.8%.

      The afforestation area was 3.6 million hectares, including 1.34 million hectares of artificial afforestation, accounting for 37.1% of the total afforestation area. The improved area of planting grass is [77] 3.07 million hectares. By the end of the year, there were 474 national nature reserves and 5 national parks. The newly-increased soil erosion control area is 62,000 square kilometers.

      According to preliminary accounting, the total energy consumption in the whole year was 5.24 billion tons of standard coal, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year. Coal consumption increased by 4.6%, crude oil consumption increased by 4.1%, natural gas consumption increased by 12.5% and electricity consumption increased by 10.3%. Coal consumption accounted for 56.0% of the total energy consumption, down 0.9 percentage points from the previous year; The consumption of clean energy such as natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and solar power accounted for 25.5% of the total energy consumption, up by 1.2 percentage points. The comprehensive energy consumption per unit of calcium carbide in key energy-consuming industrial enterprises decreased by 5.3%, the comprehensive energy consumption per unit of synthetic ammonia was the same as last year, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel decreased by 0.4%, the comprehensive energy consumption per unit of electrolytic aluminum decreased by 2.1%, and the standard coal consumption per kWh of thermal power generation decreased by 0.5%. The national carbon dioxide emissions per 10,000 yuan of GDP [78] decreased by 3.8%.

      In the whole year, 81.3% of the coastal waters reached the national Grade I and II seawater quality standards, 5.2% were Grade III seawater, and 13.5% were Grade IV and Grade IV seawater.

      Among the 324 cities that carry out the monitoring of urban regional acoustic environment, 4.9% of the cities have good daytime acoustic environment quality, 61.7% are good, 31.5% are average and 1.9% are poor.

      The annual average temperature was 10.53℃, 0.28℃ higher than the previous year. A total of five typhoons landed.

      The affected area of crops in the whole year was 11.74 million hectares, of which 1.63 million hectares were never harvested. In the whole year, direct economic losses caused by floods and geological disasters were 247.7 billion yuan, direct economic losses caused by drought disasters were 20.1 billion yuan, direct economic losses caused by low-temperature freezing and snow disasters were 13.3 billion yuan, and direct economic losses caused by marine disasters were 3 billion yuan. In the whole year, there were 20 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 or above in mainland China, resulting in direct economic losses of 10.7 billion yuan. There were 616 forest fires in the whole year, and the affected forest area was about 0.4 million hectares.

      A total of 26,307 people died in various production safety accidents throughout the year. There were 100,000 employees in industrial, mining and commercial enterprises, and 1.374 people died in production safety accidents, up by 5.6% over the previous year. The number of deaths per million tons in coal mines was 0.045, down by 23.7%. The number of deaths per 10,000 vehicles in road traffic accidents was 1.57, down by 5.4%.

      Notes:

      [1] The data in this bulletin are preliminary statistics. The statistics do not include Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province Province. Due to rounding, some data are not equal to the total of sub-items.

      [2] The absolute figures of GDP, added value of tertiary industries and related industries, regional GDP, per capita GDP and gross national income are calculated at current prices, and the growth rate is calculated at constant prices.

      [3] The two-year average growth rate refers to the growth rate calculated by the geometric average method based on the same period in 2019.

      [4] Gross national income, formerly known as gross national product, refers to the total initial distribution income obtained by all permanent units in a country or region in a certain period of time, which is equal to the gross domestic product plus the net initial distribution income from abroad.

      [5] The total labor productivity is the ratio of gross domestic product (calculated at 2020 prices) to all employed people, and the historical data was revised according to the results of the seventh national census.

      [6] See note [5].

      [7] The national population refers to the population of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and active servicemen in mainland China, excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents and foreigners living in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

      [8] The population with separated households refers to the population whose residence is inconsistent with the township street where the household registration is located and who has left the household registration for half a year or more.

      [9] Floating population refers to the population separated by households, excluding the population separated by households within the municipal area. The population with separated households within the municipal area refers to the population within the jurisdiction of a municipality directly under the central government or prefecture-level city and between districts, whose residence and household registration are not in the same township street.

      [10] By the end of 2021, the population aged 0-14 (including those under the age of 15) was 246.78 million, and the population aged 15-59 (including those under the age of 60) was 898.46 million.

      [11] The annual number of migrant workers includes migrant workers who have been employed outside their own towns for 6 months or more and local migrant workers who have been engaged in non-agricultural industries for 6 months or more.

      [12] The producer price of agricultural products refers to the price when agricultural producers directly sell their products.

      [13] Housing prices include rental housing rent, housing maintenance and management, water, electricity and fuel prices.

      [14] High-tech manufacturing includes pharmaceutical manufacturing, aviation, spacecraft and equipment manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, computer and office equipment manufacturing, medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing, and information chemicals manufacturing.

      [15] Equipment manufacturing industry includes metal products industry, general equipment manufacturing industry, special equipment manufacturing industry, automobile manufacturing industry, railway, ship, aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry, and instrument manufacturing industry.

      [16] The statistical scope of service industries above designated size includes: transportation, warehousing and postal services with an annual business income of 20 million yuan or more, information transmission, software and information technology services, water conservancy, environment and public facilities management, and health industry legal entities; Real estate (excluding real estate development and operation), leasing and business services, scientific research and technical services, and legal entities in the education industry with annual operating income of 10 million yuan or more; As well as residents’ services, repairs and other services, culture, sports and entertainment, and social work industries with annual business income of 5 million yuan or more.

      [17] Strategic emerging service industries include service-related industries in eight major industries, including new generation information technology industry, high-end equipment manufacturing industry, new material industry, biological industry, new energy automobile industry, new energy industry, energy conservation and environmental protection industry and digital creative industry, as well as related services such as new technologies and innovation and entrepreneurship. In 2021, the growth rate of business income of strategic emerging service enterprises is calculated by comparable caliber.

      [18] High-tech industry investment includes six categories of high-tech manufacturing investment such as pharmaceutical manufacturing, aerospace and equipment manufacturing, and nine categories of high-tech service investment such as information services and e-commerce services.

      [19] Online retail sales refer to the retail sales of goods and services realized through public online trading platforms (online platforms mainly engaged in physical commodity trading, including self-built websites and third-party platforms).

      [20] The eastern region refers to the ten provinces (cities) of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong and Hainan; The central region refers to the six provinces of Shanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei and Hunan; The western region refers to 12 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang; Northeast China refers to Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.

      [21] According to the results of the seventh national census, the data of urbanization rate of permanent residents at the end of 2017-2019 were revised.

      [22] The energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP is calculated at the price of 2020.

      [23] The output data of some products in 2020 were verified and adjusted, and the output growth rate in 2021 was calculated according to comparable caliber.

      [24] Thermal power includes coal-fired power generation, oil-fired power generation, gas-fired power generation, waste heat, residual pressure and residual gas power generation, garbage incineration power generation and biomass power generation.

      [25] The data of steel output includes repeated processing of steel between enterprises.

      [26] A small amount of installed power generation capacity (such as geothermal) is not listed in the bulletin.

      [27] Due to the changes in the scope of investigation stipulated in the statistical investigation system, statistical law enforcement, elimination of duplicate data and other factors, the growth rate and changes of financial indicators of industrial enterprises above designated size in 2021 are calculated according to comparable caliber.

      [28] Capacity utilization refers to the ratio of actual output to production capacity (both measured in value). The actual output of an enterprise refers to the total industrial output value of the enterprise during the reporting period; The production capacity of an enterprise refers to the product output that the enterprise can realize and maintain for a long time when the production equipment (machinery) keeps normal operation under the condition of guaranteed supply of labor, raw materials, fuel and transportation during the reporting period.

      [29] The total volume and turnover of cargo transportation include the completion of five modes of transportation: railway, highway, waterway, civil aviation and pipeline, and the growth rate in 2021 is calculated according to comparable caliber.

      [30] The total business volume of postal industry is calculated at the price of 2020.

      [31] The total telecom business is calculated at the price of 2020.

      [32] The number of mobile phone base stations refers to the number of wireless transceiver equipment serving the community at the end of the reporting period, which handles wireless communication between base stations and mobile stations, plays a relay role between mobile switches and mobile stations, and monitors the quality of wireless transmission.

      [33] Fixed Internet broadband access users refer to users who registered in telecom enterprises at the end of the reporting period and accessed the public Internet through xDSL, FTTx+LAN, FTTH/O and other broadband access methods and ordinary private lines.

      [34] Fixed Internet fiber-optic broadband access users refer to users who registered in telecom enterprises at the end of the reporting period and accessed the public Internet through FTTH or FTTO.

      [35] The end users of cellular Internet of Things refer to the users who accessed the mobile communication network and opened the Internet of Things service at the end of the reporting period. The IOT terminal is an IOT device that connects the sensing network layer and the transmission network layer to realize remote data collection and data transmission to the network layer.

      [36] The number of people surfing the Internet by mobile phone refers to the number of people who accessed and used the Internet through mobile phones in the past six months.

      [37] Software and information technology services include software development, integrated circuit design, information system integration and Internet of Things technical services, operation and maintenance services, information processing and storage support services, information technology consulting services, digital content services and other information technology services.

      [38] According to the reform of statistical survey methods and system regulations, the relevant data of fixed assets investment in 2020 were revised, and the growth rate of relevant indicators in 2021 was calculated according to comparable caliber.

      [39] See Note [20].

      [40] Private investment in fixed assets refers to the investment in the construction or purchase of fixed assets by domestic investigation units with collective, private and individual nature and investigation units controlled by them (including absolute holding and relative holding).

      [41] Infrastructure investment includes transportation, postal services, telecommunications, radio and television and satellite transmission services, Internet and related services, and investment in water conservancy, environment and public facilities management.

      [42] Social investment includes education, health and social work, and investment in culture, sports and entertainment.

      [43] In addition to real estate development investment, real estate investment also includes self-built houses by construction units, property management, intermediary services and other real estate investments.

      [44] The Belt and Road refers to the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.

      [45] The increment of social financing scale refers to the total amount of funds obtained by the real economy from the financial system in a certain period of time.

      [46] The stock of social financing scale refers to the balance of funds obtained by the real economy from the financial system at the end of a certain period (the end of the month, the end of the season or the end of the year).

      [47] Loans in inclusive finance include loans for small and micro enterprises with a single household credit of less than 10 million yuan, loans for individual industrial and commercial households, loans for small and micro enterprises, loans for farmers’ production and operation, loans for poor people who have set up a file, loans for business start-ups and loans for students.

      [48] According to the listing date, the amount of stock financing in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges includes the actual amount of convertible bonds. In 2020 and 2021, the actual amount of convertible bonds was 119.5 billion yuan and 134.2 billion yuan respectively.

      [49] The amount of stock financing of Beijing Stock Exchange is calculated according to the listing date, and the amount of financing is only included in the newly listed companies since the opening date of Beijing Stock Exchange. The historical financing data of selected companies are kept in the statistical report of the original national small and medium-sized enterprise share transfer system.

      [50] The national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises is a national stock exchange approved by the State Council in 2012. In the whole year, the cumulative financing of listed companies in the national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises does not include preferred shares, and the stock financing is counted according to the listing date of new shares.

      [51] Corporate credit bonds include non-financial corporate debt financing instruments, corporate bonds, corporate bonds and convertible bonds.

      [52] The original insurance premium income refers to the original insurance contract premium income confirmed by the insurance enterprise.

      [53] The median per capita income refers to the per capita income of all the survey households in the middle position according to the per capita income level from low to high (or from high to low).

      [54] The quintuple income grouping of national residents refers to arranging all the surveyed households according to the per capita income level from low to high, and dividing them into five equal parts on average. The families with the lowest income of 20% are low-income groups, and so on.

      [55] Poverty alleviation counties include the original 832 national key counties for poverty alleviation and development, counties in concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas, and 7 cities and counties in Aksu, Xinjiang.

      [56] Service consumption expenditure refers to the consumption expenditure of households for catering services, educational, cultural and entertainment services and medical services.

      [57] Poor people in rural areas refer to the rural elderly, disabled people and minors under the age of 16 who have no ability to work, no source of income, no obligation to support, support and support or their legal obligors have no ability to perform their obligations.

      [58] Temporary assistance refers to the emergency and transitional assistance given by the state to families or individuals whose basic life is in trouble due to unexpected events, accidental injuries, serious diseases or other special reasons, which can not be covered by other social assistance systems for the time being or whose basic life is still in serious difficulties for the time being after assistance.

      [59] In addition to adoption institutions, civil service beds also include beds in rescue institutions and community institutions.

      [60] National science and technology business incubator refers to a science and technology business incubator that conforms to the provisions of the Measures for the Administration of Science and Technology Business Incubators, aims at promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, cultivating science and technology enterprises and entrepreneurship, and provides physical space, shared facilities and professional services, and is approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology.

      [61] The national record creation space refers to a new innovation and entrepreneurship service platform that meets the requirements of the Guidelines for the Development of Creative Space, and has been audited and filed by the Ministry of Science and Technology in accordance with the Interim Provisions of the National Record Creation Space.

      [62]PCT patent application acceptance refers to the number of PCT patent applications accepted by China National Intellectual Property Administration as the PCT patent application acceptance bureau. PCT(Patent Cooperation Treaty) is an international cooperation treaty in the patent field.

      [63] The number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 population refers to the number of effective invention patents authorized by China National Intellectual Property Administration that meet any of the following conditions: invention patents in strategic emerging industries; Invention patents with the same family patent right overseas; An invention patent with a service life of more than 10 years; Invention patents with higher pledge financing amount; The invention patent won the National Science and Technology Award and the China Patent Award.

      [64] The qualification rate of product quality in manufacturing industry refers to the implementation of quality sampling inspection by means of product quality inspection in accordance with prescribed methods, procedures and standards, and the number of samples judged as qualified accounts for the percentage of all sampled samples. The statistical survey samples cover 29 industries in manufacturing industry.

      [65] General and vocational colleges include general undergraduate courses, vocational undergraduate courses and higher vocational colleges. In 2021, the statistical caliber of higher vocational (junior college) enrollment changed, including the number of five-year higher vocational students transferred to junior college.

      [66] Secondary vocational education includes general secondary schools, adult secondary schools, vocational high schools and technical schools.

      [67] The total number of people in circulation refers to the total number of people who received library services in the library venues this year, including borrowing books and periodicals, consulting questions and participating in various reader activities.

      [68] Special films refer to films that are displayed in different ways from conventional cinemas in terms of technology, equipment and programs, such as image maximum, stereoscopic films, stereoscopic special effects (4D) films, dynamic films and dome films.

      [69] The per capita book ownership refers to the number of books published in the same year that each person in the country can own within one year.

      [70] The total number of medical consultations refers to the total number of medical consultations, including outpatient consultations, emergency consultations, home visits, appointments for medical consultations, individual health examinations, and health consultation and guidance (excluding health lectures and nucleic acid testing).

      [71] The number of discharged patients refers to the number of all discharged patients after hospitalization during the reporting period, including those who left the hospital on medical advice, those who were transferred to other medical institutions on medical advice, those who left the hospital without medical advice, those who died and others, excluding the number of family sickbeds.

      [72] The survey objects of sports venues do not include sports venues belonging to the military and railway systems.

      [73] The area of sports ground refers to the effective area of sports training, competition and fitness ground.

      [74] The total supply of state-owned construction land refers to the total amount of state-owned construction land that the municipal and county people’s governments signed a transfer contract or issued an allocation decision and completed transactions with land units or individuals according to the annual land supply plan in accordance with the law.

      [75] Real estate land refers to the sum of commercial service land and residential land.

      [76] Ten thousand yuan of GDP water consumption and ten thousand yuan of industrial added value water consumption are calculated at 2020 prices.

      [77] The improved area of grass planting refers to the sum of the areas where the number of grasses is increased by sowing, planting and other measures, and the original vegetation and ecology of grassland are improved by pressing salt, alkali and sand, soil improvement and enclosure.

      [78] The carbon dioxide emissions per 10,000 yuan of GDP are calculated at 2020 prices.

      [79] The seawater quality in coastal waters is evaluated by area method.

      Source:

      In this bulletin, the data of new employment in cities and towns, registered unemployment rate in cities and towns, endowment insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and technical schools are from Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Foreign exchange reserves and exchange rate data come from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange; The data of market subject, quality inspection, formulation and revision of national standards and qualified rate of manufacturing products come from the State Administration of Market Supervision. Data such as environmental monitoring come from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment; The data of aquatic product output and new high-efficiency water-saving irrigation area come from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The data of timber output, afforestation area, grass improvement area, national nature reserves and national parks come from the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau. The data of new cultivated land irrigation area, total water resources, water consumption and new soil erosion control area come from the Ministry of Water Resources; The installed capacity of power generation, newly added substation equipment of 220 kV and above, and power consumption data come from China Electric Power Enterprise Association; The data of port cargo throughput, port container throughput, road transportation, waterway transportation, newly rebuilt expressway mileage, and new capacity of port 10,000-ton wharf berths are from the Ministry of Transport; The data of railway transportation, mileage of newly-built railway, mileage of newly-built double-track railway and mileage of electrified railway are from China National Railway Group Co., Ltd.; The data of civil aviation transportation and new civil transportation airports are from the Civil Aviation Administration of China; Pipeline transportation data comes from China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Co., Ltd., China Petrochemical Corporation, China Offshore Oil Group Co., Ltd. and National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Network Group Co., Ltd.;The data of civil car ownership and road traffic accidents come from the Ministry of Public Security; Postal service data comes from the State Post Bureau; The data of communication industry, software business income, new optical cable line length and so on come from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology; Data of Internet users and Internet penetration rate come from China Internet Network Information Center. The data of shantytown renovation and affordable rental housing come from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development; Import and export data of goods come from the General Administration of Customs; Data on service import and export, foreign direct investment, foreign direct investment, foreign contracted projects, and foreign labor cooperation come from the Ministry of Commerce. Financial data comes from the Ministry of Finance; The data of new tax reduction and fee reduction comes from State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China; Data of monetary, financial and corporate credit bonds come from the People’s Bank of China; The fund-raising data of domestic trading places come from China Securities Regulatory Commission; The insurance data comes from the Insurance Regulatory Commission of the Bank of China; The data of medical insurance and maternity insurance come from the National Health Insurance Bureau; The data of urban and rural subsistence allowances, assistance and support for rural poor people, temporary assistance and civil affairs services come from the Ministry of Civil Affairs; The data of special care recipients comes from the Department of Veterans Affairs; The data of projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China come from the National Natural Science Foundation of China; The data of State Key Laboratory, National Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Guidance Fund, National Science and Technology Business Incubator, National Record Creation Space, and Technology Contract come from the Ministry of Science and Technology. Data such as National Engineering Research Center, National Enterprise Technology Center and Volkswagen Innovation Demonstration Base come from the National Development and Reform Commission. Patent and trademark data come from China National Intellectual Property Administration;Space launch data comes from the National Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense; Education data comes from the Ministry of Education; Art performance groups, museums, public libraries, cultural centers and tourism data come from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism; Television and radio data come from the State Administration of Radio and Television; The film data comes from the National Film Bureau; The data of newspapers, periodicals and books come from the State Press and Publication Administration. File data comes from the National Archives Bureau; Medical and health data come from the National Health and Wellness Committee; Sports data comes from the State Sports General Administration; The data of disabled athletes come from China Disabled Persons’ Federation; The data of state-owned construction land supply and direct economic losses caused by marine disasters come from the Ministry of Natural Resources. The average temperature and typhoon landing data are from China Meteorological Bureau. The data of affected area of crops, direct economic losses caused by floods and geological disasters, direct economic losses caused by drought disasters, direct economic losses caused by low-temperature freezing and snow disasters, number of earthquakes, direct economic losses caused by earthquake disasters, forest fires, affected forest areas and production safety accidents come from the Emergency Management Department; Other data are from the National Bureau of Statistics.

    Highlights of Xinjiang’s economy: Demonstration of changing electricity and heavy trucks to lead the development of "green transportation" in Xinjiang

      Tianshan net-Xinjiang Daily reporter Yu Jiangyan

      From Zhundong Economic and Technological Development Zone to Urumqi, about 200 kilometers, three power stations will be arranged to ensure that heavy trucks (hereinafter referred to as "heavy trucks") can be replaced with fully charged batteries in time. Recently, PetroChina Xinjiang Sales Co., Ltd. began to build a demonstration trunk line for replacing electricity and heavy trucks from Zhundong to Urumqi to create "green transportation" and help reduce carbon emissions.

      "Three power stations are located near a coal mining enterprise in Urumqi Economic and Technological Development Zone (Toutunhe District), changji city and Zhundong Development Zone. On August 2, the construction of the power exchange station in Urumqi has started, and it is expected to be completed and put into operation before the end of this year. " Relevant business personnel of the Development Planning Department of PetroChina Xinjiang Sales Company said.

      Relying on the Xiangyun gas station of PetroChina in Urumqi, PetroChina Xinjiang Sales Company will cooperate with Xinjiang Energy and Chemical Co., Ltd., the State Power Investment Group, to build a new power exchange station in the station. It takes an average of 3-5 minutes for heavy trucks to arrive at the power exchange station, and the replaced batteries can be fully charged in about 50 minutes. The company is equipped with enough batteries to meet the 24-hour power exchange demand of heavy trucks transporting coal and other resources.

    Effect diagram of power exchange station built by Xinjiang Derun Xiexin Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Photo courtesy of the interviewed companies

      Zhundong Development Zone is an important part of the 14th large-scale coal base determined by the state. At present, a large amount of coal needs to be transported by heavy trucks and short barges and loaded on trains. At the same time, Xinjiang Derun Xiexin Energy Technology Co., Ltd. also plans to build a heavy truck power station in Zhundong.

      At present, Derun Xiexin Energy has built a heavy truck-to-power station at a selected site in Shihezi City to meet the demand of short transportation and heavy truck-to-power exchange from Shihezi Railway Station to the power plant. "We cooperate with the logistics company, and the logistics company buys the new energy heavy truck body. We buy the battery. The power exchange station is actually a battery bank. The first batch of power exchange stations can meet the needs of 30 inverted short heavy trucks." Shi Weidong, general manager of Xinjiang Derun Xiexin Energy Technology Co., Ltd. said that it is estimated that by this way, a short transport vehicle can save 70,000-100,000 yuan in transportation costs every year.

      Derun Xiexin Energy plans to build a power station in the area with more short-term business first, and the next step is to build a power station in the economic and technological development (industrial zone) of Ganquanbao, Urumqi. In addition, Hami and Hotan are also included in the future power station construction layout. "In Xinjiang, we will start with the construction of short-term transportation for power stations, then build 300-500 km demonstration trunk lines, and finally build a’ green transportation’ network system by connecting several trunk lines." Shi Weidong said.

    Xinjiang Zhaoyuan Green Energy Co., Ltd. is building a power station in Wusu City. Photo courtesy of the interviewed companies

      Located in Wusu, Kuitun and Dushanzi "Jinshanjiao", millions of tons of coal are transported to surrounding power plants and petrochemical enterprises every year. In July this year, Xinjiang Zhaoyuan Green Energy Co., Ltd. started the construction of power exchange station in Wusu City. "Prepare to build two power stations, one in the first phase, eight positions and seven spare batteries." Hang Wanqiang, the person in charge of the heavy truck replacement project of Xinjiang Zhaoyuan Green Energy Co., Ltd., said that it will operate in cooperation with Xinjiang Suhong Logistics Co., Ltd., and the logistics company has purchased 10 heavy trucks.

      According to the previous investigation and forecast, after the heavy trucks are put into operation, the logistics cost will be reduced by 5 yuan per ton. In the future, Xinjiang Zhaoyuan Green Energy also plans to build power stations in Kuitun City and dushanzi area in Karamay City, and invest at least 200 heavy-duty trucks to build the "Kuidu Wujin Mountain Corner" demonstration trunk line for heavy-duty trucks.

      In January this year, the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region issued the Guiding Opinions on Further Accelerating the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles and Industrial Development (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), proposing to accelerate the electrification of transportation and the demonstration construction of hydrogen fuel with the focus on "Urumqi-Changzhou-Shijiazhuang", "Kuidu-Urumqi" and the joint control area of atmospheric defense in Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. By 2025, no less than 150 urban (intercity) public charging and replacing power stations will be built and put into operation.

      Driven by the Opinions, in April this year, Xinjiang’s first electric heavy truck exchange power station was put into use in Ganquanbao Economic and Technological Development Zone.

    A heavy truck is charging in Wucaiwan Industrial Park. Photo courtesy of the interviewed companies

      Before promoting the construction of heavy-duty truck-changing power station, heavy-duty truck charging scenes had been applied in Wucaiwan Industrial Park in Xinjiang and Heishan Coal Mine in Toksun County. In 2020, Xinjiang Energy and Chemical Wucaiwan Power Generation Co., Ltd. built heavy-duty truck charging piles in Wucaiwan Industrial Park. In 2021, seven heavy-duty trucks were operated for a total of 378,794 kilometers, and the annual cumulative emission reduction was about 694 tons.

      (The publication of manuscripts on this website must be authorized in writing. Reprinting, editing, copying and creating mirror images without authorization are prohibited, and offenders will be investigated for legal responsibility according to law. )

    A set of figures to understand the strategic thinking of the 14 th Five-Year Plan proposal

      This morning’s press conference in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China introduced the drafting of "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Proposal on Formulating the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Goals for the Year 2035". A set of figures will show you →

      A key

      The planning "Proposal" was formulated under the personal leadership of the Supreme Leader General Secretary.

      In March this year, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee decided that the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee would consider the proposal of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and set up a document drafting group, with General Secretary of the Supreme Leader as the team leader and Li Keqiang, Wang Huning and Han Zheng as the deputy team leaders.

      In the past seven months, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has presided over two Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party meetings, three The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) meetings and two drafting group meetings to study and consider the overall framework, basic ideas, guiding principles and important contents of the draft of the Planning Proposal.

      General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered a series of important speeches and made many important instructions to grasp the general direction, determine the general idea and put forward the grand strategy for planning the drafting of the "Proposal".

      The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally made many in-depth investigations at local and grass-roots levels, personally listened to opinions and suggestions from all walks of life, personally revised the draft of the approval document for many times, made strategic planning, and devoted a lot of efforts to ensure that the drafting of the draft of the "Proposal" was completed with high quality.

      An important feature

      An important feature of the planning "Proposal" is to persist in promoting democracy, open the door and ask questions, and brainstorm.

      At the end of last year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader asked the CPC Central Committee and relevant departments in the State Council to organize preliminary research on the economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan. The Central Finance Office and the National Development and Reform Commission entrusted more than 60 research institutions and relevant departments, including national high-end think tanks, to carry out research on 37 major topics, resulting in more than 130 research reports. The National People’s Congress and Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference organized special research discussions and formed a series of research reports.

      In March and August this year, the CPC Central Committee twice solicited opinions within and outside the Party, and the drafting group carefully studied and absorbed the opinions and suggestions put forward by various regions, departments and relevant parties.

      At the beginning of August this year, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important instructions to unify the strengthening of top-level design and the insistence on asking questions from the people, to encourage the broad masses of the people and all sectors of society to make suggestions in various ways, and to fully absorb social expectations, the wisdom of the masses, expert opinions and grassroots experience. Qi Xin worked together to compile the 14 th Five-Year Plan.

      From August 16th to 29th, the drafting of the 14th Five-Year Plan was solicited for comments online, which was the first time in the history of drafting documents of the Central Plenary Session. The broad masses of the people actively participated, and there were more than 1 million online messages, from which more than 1,000 opinions and suggestions were sorted out.

      From July to September, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the symposium of non-party people, entrepreneurs, solidly promoting the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, experts in the economic and social fields, scientists, grassroots representatives and experts in the fields of education, culture, health and sports, and listened to opinions and suggestions from all sides in person. 

      Five principles

      First, handle the relationship between inheritance and innovation, and do a good job of organically connecting the goals of "two hundred years".

      The second is to handle the relationship between the government and the market and give full play to China’s institutional advantages.

      The third is to handle the relationship between openness and autonomy and better coordinate the two overall situations at home and abroad.

      The fourth is to properly handle the relationship between development and security, so as to ensure that there will be no systematic risks affecting the modernization process.

      The fifth is to handle the relationship between strategy and tactics, so as to be far-sighted and pragmatic. 

      Three major plates

      There are 15 parts in the planning proposal, which can be divided into three parts in general.

      The general part mainly expounds the achievements of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the development environment of our country, the long-term goal in 2035, the guiding ideology, principles and main goals during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

      The discussion part is generally organized according to the connotation of the new development concept, and expounds the key tasks of economic and social development and reform and opening up during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period in different fields.

      The last part mainly expounds strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee and improving the planning mechanism to provide a strong guarantee for the implementation of the plan. 

      A logical main line

      After building a well-off society in an all-round way, to start a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, we should scientifically grasp the new development stage, thoroughly implement the new development concept, speed up the construction of a new development pattern, take promoting high-quality development as the theme, and deepen the supply-side structural reform as the main line, so as to achieve economic stability, social stability and harmony, and make a good start for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. 

      Three core essentials

      The core essence of the planning proposal is embodied in three "newness", namely, new development stage, new development concept and new development pattern.

    Is Li Qin suspected of resource degradation? From the heroine of the drama to nanaya snow, we can realize the flow of the drama with both hands.

    The popularity of nanaya snow starring Li Qin and Joseph was as high as 7206 on the first broadcast day of iQiyi, which swept the list of various dramas in the station, and the hot search for topics related to the series continued, causing countless netizens to discuss the plot and characters online, with a total reading of 1.06 billion.At the same time, nanaya snow performed well on other platforms.Although there are many difficulties in adaptation of Cang Yue’s novels, there are still film and television producers who have been unwilling to buy copyright adaptation for so many years, even her "Zhu Yan in the Mirror", which has nothing to do, has not been spared.

    In fact, "nanaya snow" has been surrounded by negative public opinion since its launch.First of all, the play is unnatural, and the overall feeling is very poor. The audience sharply commented that the play of nanaya snow is like a puppet show. Thirdly, there are serious traces of matting in the play, and the background displayed is far from the real-life shooting of snow publicized before the play, which makes the audience feel cheated.Based on this, although nanaya snow still left a part of the audience with the influence of two actors, Li Qin and Joseph, more viewers felt that.This drama is probably another cannon fodder puppet drama that failed to adapt Cang Yue’s novels.

    I have to say that the current online performance of nanaya snow is very general, which seems to be caused by Li Qin’s carelessness in choosing the script.As an actress who came into contact with the Star Drama earlier in the 1990s, Li Qin’s works in her youthful period are mainly true and false. The hot "Bright Life" and "The Return of a Thousand Daughters" are all like this.It seems that Li Qin’s outstanding face value and unique temperament doomed her to be able to play the real money of grassroots living abroad.At that time, it should be the peak period of Li Qin’s traffic. Unfortunately, due to the brokerage contract, Li Qin’s thriving business encountered a three-year suspension period.

    It is also the three-year off-schedule period that gave Li Qin a chance to settle down.Later, Li Qin turned red again with the role of Princess Yuan Chun in Chu Qiao Biography.After a series of fate tricks, this silly and sweet princess changed her mind greatly and became a ruthless and crazy beauty.Although the role of Princess Yuanchun is quite different, and the inner transformation of the characters is complicated, it is very difficult to show it, but Li Qin still plays this role vividly, which makes countless real-time audiences feel distressed.With this play, Li Qin returned to the public’s field of vision and challenged more types of roles.

    These include Tian Xiaoe in the drama White Deer Plain, the southern song of the heroine’s drama Splendid South Song, and Wan’er Lin, the heroine of the male frequency drama Joy of Life.Although Li Qin’s idea of taking over the drama seems very confusing, on the whole, there is still a little logic in it. While performing a well-made and well-designed ancient puppet show, we try to get in touch with the drama with good script and texture, so as to realize the real sense of flow and texture.Because of this, after Tian Xiaoe was recognized by the industry, Li Qin’s drama resources also made a qualitative leap.

    The Road to Life with Chen Xiao, Na Pianhai in Dreams with Sean Xiao, and The Wind Catcher with YiBo.The three dramas have made Li Qin’s expressive power and role-building power recognized by the industry and appreciated by the audience.More importantly, these three plays starring Li Qin have achieved extremely good results, whichIt shows that Li Qin still has certain aesthetic ability when choosing the role of drama, and has a clear understanding of market orientation, which is sometimes extremely important for actors.After performing three dramas, Li Qin chose the ancient puppet drama "nanaya snow" from the perspective of the heroine.

    The partner is Joseph, who has an excellent audience relationship.Speaking, the casting of this drama is very good, and Li Qin’s face value and temperament belong to the standard of cold beauty in the novel. Playing Xue Ziye is a piece of cake.Because he was born in Kunqu Opera, Li Qin’s temperament is quite good, and his coolness is what he was born with. Cold Beauty This track is a breeze for Li Qin. Being able to play the role of comfort zone is very lucky for actors.Especially the ending of "nanaya snow" is abusive, and the female host always likes male four. Fate and pull are both unique.

    For the audience watching the drama, they are still looking forward to the follow-up performance of Li Qin and Joseph, and I don’t know whether the drama side will make an appropriate adaptation for the ending of the original book, or continue the style of the original book, with a faint sadness.The casting of this play is great, Li Qin is very suitable for Xue Ziye, and it is also a very wise decision to let Joseph play the young knight-errant.Although Li Qin and Joseph seem to have different ages, and their sense of CP is not good, so far, there is no problem with their performance, and some people even exaggerate the meaning of drama.A lot of discussions are centered around two people.

    After all, the market of ancient puppet shows is poor this year, and many traffic shows are not well broadcast.Fortunately, Li Qin and Joseph didn’t follow the flow route, so the achievement of nanaya snow had no great influence on their subsequent development. In fact,As one of the few actresses in the 90-year-old who has won tickets for the drama and works beside her, Li Qin is rarely sober and transparent.After a long period of no drama, Li Qin regained attention and topic because of Chu Qiao Biography, and many cast members also threw olive branches.Li Qin also took this opportunity to film more and return to the audience’s field of vision.

    At the same time, Li Qin didn’t give up taking the initiative to contact the drama resources when he paid attention to choosing the script with the theme of "Big Hot Ancient Puppet". Although the resources of ancient puppet dramas can be loved and supported by more audiences, actors can get more opportunities to exchange acting skills with the old ones in the main drama, and a drama will be of great benefit in acting.Li Qin’s appearance is good. He was able to win the role of Tian Xiaoe in White Deer Plain, and his outstanding appearance is naturally the main factor.Although the role is very bitter in the later period, and he needs to eat wild vegetables covered with dirt and dress up ugly, Li Qin doesn’t care at all.

    She was preoccupied with playing the role of Tian Xiaoe.Sure enough, Li Qin’s performance was excellent, and her success made her emerge in the drama circle. At the same time, Li Qin didn’t give up acting in ancient puppet dramas and popular male frequency dramas. Thereby maintaining discussion and exposure.Although the ancient puppet drama is a type of drama that does not require acting skills, the male frequency drama is said to be a brainless drama that is too big. But both of them can really make the actors get a bonus. soEven after three dramas, Li Qin has been regarded as a 90-year-old who has successfully transformed. She could have played the drama with peace of mind.

    However, she still didn’t completely give up the ancient puppet shows. Instead, she perfectly balanced the number of dramas and ancient puppet shows, and successfully achieved both flow and texture.