National Health Commission Press Conference Responds to Hot Issues of Respiratory Diseases in Winter
The results of multi-pathogen monitoring show that the main pathogens of respiratory infectious diseases are different among different age groups in recent years. Influenza virus and rhinovirus predominate among people aged 1 to 4, influenza virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and adenovirus predominate among people aged 5 to 14, influenza virus, rhinovirus and Covid-19 predominate among people aged 15 to 59, and influenza virus, human metapneumovirus and common coronavirus predominate among people aged 60 and above.
● Large hospitals are crowded, with long waiting time and high risk of cross-infection. If there are children with mild symptoms at home, it is recommended to go to primary health care institutions or general hospitals for pediatric treatment. The elderly are susceptible to respiratory diseases, so we should make a comprehensive judgment based on their age, basic diseases and infection severity to decide whether to stay at home or go to the hospital.
Recently, many parts of the country suffered from cold wave weather, the temperature plummeted, and respiratory diseases entered a period of high incidence in winter. Which pathogens are prevalent? How to prevent and treat the "one old and one small" key population? How to optimize outpatient service? The National Health and Wellness Commission held a press conference on November 26th to respond to the hot issues of respiratory diseases in winter.
The epidemic pathogens are different among different age groups.
Mi Feng, spokesperson of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that monitoring shows that in recent days, influenza is the main respiratory infectious disease in China, and rhinovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus are also caused. It is believed that the recent increase of acute respiratory diseases in China is related to the superposition of various respiratory pathogens.
Wang Huaqing, chief expert of immunization program of China CDC, said that the results of multi-pathogen monitoring showed that the main pathogens of respiratory infectious diseases in different age groups were different recently. Influenza virus and rhinovirus predominate among people aged 1 to 4, influenza virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and adenovirus predominate among people aged 5 to 14, influenza virus, rhinovirus and Covid-19 predominate among people aged 15 to 59, and influenza virus, human metapneumovirus and common coronavirus predominate among people aged 60 and above.
Mi Feng introduced that the National Health and Wellness Commission and the National Disease Control Bureau are continuing to carry out respiratory disease monitoring and situation judgment, requiring all localities to scientifically coordinate medical resources and implement a graded diagnosis and treatment system; Timely disclose and update the information of medical institutions such as pediatrics and fever clinics to the public; Do a good job in epidemic prevention and control in schools, kindergartens, nursing homes and other key crowded places.
Mi Feng suggested that large hospitals are crowded with people, waiting for a long time, and the risk of cross-infection is high. If there are children with mild symptoms at home, it is recommended to go to primary medical and health institutions or general hospitals for pediatric treatment. The public should adhere to the hygienic habits of wearing masks, ventilation and washing hands frequently, and take good protection when respiratory symptoms appear.
The elderly are susceptible to respiratory diseases. Li Yanming, director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Peking Hospital, said that we should make a comprehensive judgment on the age, basic diseases and infection severity of the elderly to decide whether to stay at home or go to the hospital. Family members should know the basic conditions of the elderly at home, such as temperature, blood pressure, pulse, etc., and closely observe the symptoms. If there is a high fever, difficulty breathing, listlessness, etc., they need to see a doctor in time. For influenza, antiviral drugs are effective as soon as possible.
Advocate active vaccination of related vaccines.
"Vaccines are effective, safe, convenient and economical measures to prevent infectious diseases and play an important role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases." Wang Huaqing said that different vaccines have their key populations, which are mainly determined according to vaccine characteristics and prevention and control needs.
Among them, the influenza vaccine can be used by all people over 6 months old, and it is recommended to vaccinate the elderly, people with basic diseases, infants and other people with high risk of infection; Covid-19 vaccine is recommended for the elderly over 60 years old, people with serious basic diseases between 18 and 59 years old, people with low immune function and people with high risk of infection.
Wang Huaqing appealed to the public to actively vaccinate according to the vaccination recommendations issued by the health department, as long as they meet the vaccination conditions, so as to prevent infectious diseases.
Recently, many hospitals have long queues for fever clinics and pediatric clinics. According to reports, the National Health and Wellness Commission has instructed all localities to strengthen overall planning, implement a graded diagnosis and treatment system, give play to the role of medical associations, and strengthen technical guidance to primary medical and health institutions.
How to treat children respiratory infectious diseases caused by multiple pathogens differently?
When a child has symptoms such as fever, cough and sore throat, how can parents distinguish which pathogen is infected?
Qin Qiang, chief physician of the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, said that mycoplasma infection is generally more common in school-age children. Some older children have early symptoms of high fever and irritating dry cough, while the early symptoms of influenza are sudden high fever, which is often accompanied by systemic symptoms. Some older children may have headaches or muscle and joint aches, and younger children may not be able to express it. Usually, their mental state is different from the past, and infants may have mental malaise, which needs parents’ attention.
Qin Qiang said that adenovirus, rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus are also common pathogens in respiratory tract infections, but there are no specific treatment drugs for these viral infections, mainly to observe the changes of the disease and symptomatic treatment. "There are many types of adenovirus, among which only some types of infection may cause severe adenovirus pneumonia in children under 2 years old, which is characterized by persistent high fever, which is often not relieved after general treatment, accompanied by obvious changes in respiratory system, dyspnea, obvious cough and wheezing, and even mental changes. Parents should pay attention to it. Some older children are positive for adenovirus. If there is no obvious lower respiratory tract infection, they can be treated at home. "
According to experts, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the important virus pathogens that cause acute lower respiratory tract infection in children under 5 years old worldwide. The early symptoms after infection are similar to the common cold, with symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, coughing, hoarseness and low fever. Most children’s symptoms will disappear by themselves within 1 to 2 weeks, and a few can develop into bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Most infected people can fully recover, but they cannot produce permanent immunity after infection.
"Uncle De" trick:
"One old and one young" can skillfully use Chinese medicine to prevent influenza.
How does "one old and one young" prevent and treat winter flu? At the press conference held in National Health Commission on November 26th, Zhang Zhongde ("Uncle De"), vice president of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and president of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, made suggestions on TCM health care.
"Uncle De" said that every winter is the season of high incidence of respiratory viruses, which is a great test for key groups such as "one old and one young". Traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes supporting healthy qi to resist cold and dry fire. In winter, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is also large. Everyone should pay attention to adding or subtracting clothes. In terms of diet, you can use some ingredients such as Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, ginger, perilla leaves, walnuts, etc. to cook different diets to improve disease resistance.
How do the elderly prevent winter flu? "Uncle De" said that the elderly must pay attention to keep warm. There is a saying in Chinese medicine that the wind comes from the head and the cold starts from the feet, so the elderly should pay attention to the head not to be affected by the wind; Keep your feet and back warm; In addition, the elderly should get more sunshine, which is the best way to warm the yang, dispel cold and improve immunity.
Many children suffer from respiratory diseases, although their fever has gone down, they often cough for a long time. What tricks does Chinese medicine have to relieve cough?
"Uncle De" said that children are "childish yin and yang" physique. When the disease first recovered, the function of the spleen and stomach was still weak, but some parents, out of eagerness, would give their children "tonic". Children who eat too much tonic will easily increase the burden on the spleen and stomach, thus causing cough. In another case, parents may overdo it in order to let their children have a fever without rebounding. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it is easy to "close the door and stay behind" if it is too bitter and cold or too overheated. If wind-cold or wind-heat cannot be completely removed, it will cause cough.
"Uncle De" said that there are ways to relieve the cough caused by these reasons. First of all, it is necessary to distinguish whether cough is caused by wind-heat or wind-cold. If wind and heat cause sore throat, the child will have a little yellow phlegm and yellow nose, so that the child can take some Chinese patent medicines or western medicines that clear away heat, detoxify and resolve phlegm; If the cough is caused by cold, the child will often have a runny nose. At this time, some Chinese patent medicines can be taken to dispel cold, relieve exterior symptoms and replenish lung qi. If the child has a dry cough, dry cough and no phlegm, it is necessary to pay attention to moistening the lungs. In terms of dietotherapy, there are many ingredients for clearing away heat and toxic materials, such as Sydney, horseshoe, borneol and fritillary bulb.
In addition, blowing Dazhui with a hair dryer and wiping the trachea with ginger can help children relieve cough. Of course, the premise of this is that the child does not have severe pneumonia and other serious symptoms; If the child has serious symptoms, he must go to the hospital for relevant examination in time and use integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for diagnosis and treatment.