Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 13th
Report on the implementation of the national economic and social development plan in 2021 and the draft national economic and social development plan in 2022
— — At the fifth meeting of the 13th National People’s Congress on March 5th, 2022.
National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC)
Delegates:
Entrusted by the State Council, the implementation of the plan for national economic and social development in 2021 and the draft plan for national economic and social development in 2022 are submitted to the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress for review, and members of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference are invited to give their opinions.
I. Implementation of the National Economic and Social Development Plan for 2021
2021 is a landmark year in the history of the party and the country, and it will surely go down in history. We solemnly celebrate the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), win the battle against poverty as scheduled, formally announce the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, realize the first centenary goal, and start a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and marching towards the second centenary goal. We convened the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, summed up the great achievements and historical experience of the Party’s century-long struggle, and adopted the third historical resolution in the century-long history of the Party. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, all localities and departments adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and its previous plenary sessions, carry forward the great spirit of party building, and follow the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. Conscientiously implement the Government Work Report examined and approved by the Fourth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress, the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Outline of Long-term Goals for 2035 and the National Economic and Social Development Plan for 2021, implement the review opinions of the Financial and Economic Committee of the National People’s Congress, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, and do a solid job in the work of "six guarantees" and "six guarantees". Pay attention to the cross-cycle and countercyclical adjustment of macro policies, effectively respond to various risk challenges, take new steps in building a new development pattern, achieve new results in high-quality development, and coordinate epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development.The main objectives and tasks of the whole year were well completed, the "14 th Five-Year Plan" achieved a good start, and China’s development made new major achievements.
(1) Strengthen external defense input and internal defense rebound, and normalize epidemic prevention and control in a strong and orderly manner. Adhere to the people first, life first, adhere to the "dynamic clearing" of accurate prevention and control of the whole chain, and maintain the dominant position of global epidemic prevention and control.
First, the zoning and grading prevention and control measures are accurate and efficient. Strictly implement measures to prevent people, things and the environment, strengthen the capacity building of public health prevention and treatment, limit the spread of the epidemic through ports to the maximum extent, timely and effectively deal with the concentrated epidemic in some areas, take measures to simultaneously pay attention to production, increase supply, strengthen monitoring and smooth logistics, and strive to ensure adequate supply of daily necessities and stable prices in epidemic-affected areas, ensuring people’s life safety and health, and maintaining normal production and living order.
Second, vaccination and drug research and development have progressed steadily. We will spare no effort to ensure the production and supply of vaccines. By the end of 2021, China has produced more than 5 billion doses of vaccines, improved the adaptability of vaccines to mutant strains, promoted vaccination by regions and age groups, and reported a total of 2.84 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine, with more than 1.2 billion people completing the whole vaccination and a coverage rate of over 85%. China’s first anti-Covid-19 specific drug was approved for listing.
Third, the effectiveness of international cooperation against epidemic diseases is outstanding. Actively share samples, data, and countermeasures. In 2021, China has provided more than 2 billion doses of vaccine to more than 120 countries and international organizations, making it the country that provides the largest amount of COVID-19 vaccine to the outside world. Participate in and support COVID-19’s vaccine implementation plan to improve the accessibility and affordability of vaccines in developing countries. Most of the vaccines obtained by developing countries so far come from China.
(2) Innovating and improving macro-control, and further consolidating the basic economy. Accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, strengthen the cross-cycle adjustment of macro policies, do a good job in ensuring supply and stabilizing prices, and increase efforts to help enterprises bail out, achieving an optimal combination of higher growth and lower inflation, and maintaining a good economic development trend.
First, the economic growth rate is at the forefront of major economies. According to preliminary accounting, the GDP in 2021 will reach 114.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.1%, which is the main contributor to the recovery and development of the world economy, and its proportion in the world economy will further increase; The per capita GDP exceeds $12,000, exceeding the global average. There were 12.69 million new jobs in cities and towns nationwide, the national urban survey unemployment rate averaged 5.1%, the consumer price index rose by 0.9%, the international balance of payments remained basically balanced, and the scale of foreign exchange reserves remained above 3.2 trillion US dollars at the end of the year.
The second is to maintain the continuity and pertinence of macro policies. Macroeconomic policies should meet the needs of cross-cycle adjustment, maintain necessary support for economic recovery, and at the same time consider reserving policy space for coping with difficult challenges this year. A proactive fiscal policy is more sustainable by improving quality and efficiency. Maintain the necessary scale of fiscal expenditure, further optimize the management of the issuance and use of special bonds of local governments, establish a normalized direct mechanism of financial funds, include 2.8 trillion yuan of central financial funds in the direct scope, and provide timely financial support for grassroots people’s livelihood, wages and operation. The new tax reduction and fee reduction in the whole year reduced the burden on market players by more than 1 trillion yuan. Implement phased deferred tax payment for small and medium-sized enterprises in manufacturing, coal-fired power and heating enterprises. The monetary policy was flexible, accurate, reasonable and moderate, and various policy tools such as RRR reduction, refinancing and rediscount were used flexibly. The RRR was lowered twice in an all-round way, and the liquidity remained reasonably abundant. The balance of broad money supply (M2) and the stock of social financing scale increased by 9% and 10.3% respectively. We increased support for the real economy, key areas and weak links, and the comprehensive financing cost of enterprises decreased steadily. In the whole year, RMB loans increased by 19.95 trillion yuan, an increase of 315 billion yuan over the previous year. The loans of large commercial banks for small and micro enterprises increased by more than 40%, and the average interest rate of enterprise loans was 4.61%, down by 0.1 percentage point over the previous year. Strengthen the implementation of the policy of stabilizing posts and expanding employment, do a solid job in the employment of key groups such as college graduates, and promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation.
Third, the work of ensuring supply and stabilizing prices of important resources such as grain and energy is effective. In view of the abnormal fluctuations in the prices of commodities such as corn, coal, iron ore, copper, aluminum and zinc, measures such as two-way adjustment of supply and demand, joint supervision of futures and spot markets, and expected guidance were taken in time, and a policy combination of ensuring supply and stabilizing prices was played, which effectively promoted the return of prices to a reasonable range. Strengthen the regulation of the grain market, rationally arrange imports and policy grain inventory sales, and effectively guarantee the stable supply of the grain market. Strengthen the supervision of the futures market and guide the purchase of new cotton, increase the supply of central reserve cotton in a timely manner, and promote the smooth and orderly operation of the cotton market. Efforts will be made to solve the shortage of coal power supply, promote the increase of coal production and supply and the return of coal prices to a reasonable level, support power generation and heating enterprises to solve problems, improve the support and guarantee capacity of coal power, reform and improve the formation mechanism of coal power price marketization, expand the fluctuation range of market transaction prices, strengthen the connection between transportation and demand of energy assets such as coal and liquefied natural gas (LNG), ensure the people’s livelihood and public energy demand, and promote the whole society to save electricity. Give play to the role of inter-departmental coordination mechanism and do a good job in ensuring supply and price stability in the fertilizer market. Formulate and implement a response plan for rising raw material prices and a work plan for ensuring supply and stabilizing prices by variety. Give play to the regulatory role of the national reserve market and put in national reserves such as crude oil, refined oil and copper, aluminum and zinc in batches.
The fourth is to prevent and resolve risks in key areas and make solid progress. Compacting local territorial responsibility, departmental supervision responsibility and corporate main responsibility, grasping the strength and rhythm of risk disposal, and orderly resolving risks in key areas. Adhere to the positioning that houses are used for living, not for speculation, properly handle the risks of high-debt real estate enterprises, and maintain the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. Important achievements have been made in anti-monopoly, anti-unfair competition and prevention of disorderly expansion of capital. Timely "accurate bomb disposal" for enterprise groups that violate serious laws and regulations and high-risk financial institutions in some places. The work of preventing and resolving hidden debt risks of local governments has been solidly promoted.
(3) Promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, and continuously improve the security, stability and resilience of the industrial chain supply chain. The innovation-driven development strategy has been implemented in depth, and China’s global innovation index ranking has risen to the 12th place, and the advantages of the whole industrial chain have been effectively linked with domestic and international demand.
First, the country’s strategic scientific and technological strength has accelerated. The first batch of national laboratories were set up and put into operation, and the leading effect of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area international science and technology innovation centers and Huairou, Zhangjiang, Greater Bay Area and Hefei comprehensive national science centers continued to appear, and the construction of Chengdu-Chongqing regional science and technology innovation centers was accelerated. The pace of construction of national industrial innovation centers such as biological breeding was accelerated, and the optimization and integration of national engineering research centers was successfully completed. Promote the establishment of a scientific and technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, and improve and promote mechanisms such as "revealing the list and taking the lead" and "horse racing". Formulate and implement the ten-year plan for basic research, the three-year plan for tackling key problems in the reform of science and technology system, and the outline for building a strong country with intellectual property rights (2021-2035). Promoting scientific and technological innovation 2030-a major project. Significant innovations have been achieved. The Tianwen-1 probe successfully landed on Mars, the xi he satellite was successfully launched, the space station and the core module were docked with the Tianzhou cargo spacecraft, Chinese entered its own space station for the first time, and the independent third-generation nuclear power unit "Hualong No.1" was put into commercial operation, and the deep-water gas field "Deep Sea No.1" was successfully put into production. The first batch of units with the largest single unit capacity of one million kilowatts in the world of Baihetan Hydropower Station was put into production, and the aviation remote sensing system of the national major scientific and technological infrastructure was put into use.
Second, the independent and controllable ability of the industrial chain supply chain continued to increase. We will promote chain maintenance, chain stabilization and chain strengthening, and implement key core technologies in the fields of basic software, industrial machine tools, new energy vehicles and smart cars, and green and low-carbon energy transformation and development. Continue to implement the policy of adding and deducting R&D expenses, and increase the proportion of adding and deducting R&D expenses of manufacturing enterprises to 100%. Enterprise R&D expenditure increased by 15.5%. Promote the high-quality development of the API industry and promote the safety and stability of the industrial chain supply chain in key areas such as biomedicine and high-end instruments. We will promote the construction of iron ore, copper and other production, supply, storage and marketing systems, support the development and construction of domestic iron ore resources projects, and further enhance the ability to ensure the safety of strategic mineral resources.
Third, the industrial structure continued to be optimized. Revitalize the operation of industrial economy, promote the high-quality development of industry, implement the five-year action plan to enhance the core competitiveness of manufacturing industry and the industrial base reconstruction project, and the stable production and improved efficiency of manufacturing industry will drive the sustained recovery of investment. In 2021, the added value of manufacturing industry accounted for 27.4% of GDP, an increase of 1.1 percentage points over the previous year; Drive the growth rate of fixed assets investment in manufacturing industry to reach 13.5%. The integrated development of advanced manufacturing industry and modern service industry accelerated the high-quality development of manufacturing service industry, and the second batch of pilot projects for the integrated development of advanced manufacturing industry and modern service industry was carried out smoothly. China Brand Day was successfully held.
Fourth, new industries and new formats have thrived. The construction of strategic emerging industrial clusters has been steadily promoted, and the development level of emerging industries has been continuously improved. The added value of high-tech manufacturing and investment in high-tech industries have increased by 18.2% and 17.1% respectively. Domestic commercial aircraft continue to innovate and develop, Beidou’s industrial application continues to deepen, and the construction of national civil space infrastructure is accelerated. The healthy development of the digital economy, the implementation of the "East Counting and West Counting" project, the layout and construction of a national integrated big data center, the improvement of the digital economy supervision system, the overall planning of online and offline integrated supervision, and the promotion of the healthy and sustainable development of the platform economy. The series of activities of "Double Creation Week" was successfully held, the demonstration action of entrepreneurship driving employment was implemented in depth, and the enthusiasm of innovation and entrepreneurship in the whole society was further stimulated and released.
(4) Adhere to the strategic base of expanding domestic demand, and speed up the smooth circulation of the domestic economy. Efforts will be made to cultivate a complete domestic demand system, fully stimulate domestic demand potential, stabilize consumption and investment, and further smooth the supply and demand cycle.
First, consumption has steadily escalated in the course of sustained recovery. We will improve measures to prevent and control the normalized epidemic situation in consumer places, tap consumption potential, comprehensively promote consumption, and residents’ consumption will continue to recover. The production and sales of basic consumer goods grew steadily, the consumption of upgraded goods increased well, the sales of new energy vehicles increased rapidly, and the consumption of services such as catering, tourism, culture, sports and entertainment gradually recovered. The cultivation of new consumption was accelerated, and the integration of online and offline consumption continued to advance. The coverage of rural e-commerce and logistics has expanded, and the proportion of "express delivery into the village" in established villages nationwide has exceeded 80%, further releasing the rural consumption potential. The total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 44.08 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.5%; Online retail sales reached 13.09 trillion yuan, up 14.1%, of which online retail sales of physical goods reached 10.8 trillion yuan, up 12%, accounting for 24.5% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods.
Second, the efforts to make up for shortcomings in investment continued to increase. The investment in the central budget focuses on major events, emergencies and difficulties. The 102 major projects in the Outline of the 14 th Five-Year Plan were implemented in an orderly manner, and the construction of "two new and one heavy" and short-board projects was actively promoted. The pace of infrastructure construction in the fields of public health, disaster prevention and mitigation, major science and technology and energy has been accelerated. A total of 62 major water conservancy projects have been started, and 56,000 old urban communities have been newly renovated. Standardize and promote the government and social capital cooperation (PPP) model, and further promote the reform of investment and financing system and mechanism. Piloting real estate investment trusts (REITs) in the infrastructure sector to effectively revitalize the existing assets of infrastructure. Investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) increased by 4.9%, of which private investment increased by 7.0% and social investment increased by 10.7%.
Third, the quality and efficiency of infrastructure development have been continuously improved. Major projects such as sichuan-tibet railway, the new land-sea passage in the west and the high-speed railway along the Yangtze River are progressing smoothly. All 12 units in wudongde hydropower station have been completed and put into operation, and the preliminary work of hydropower development in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River has been promoted in an orderly manner. In the whole year, the railway investment was 748.9 billion yuan, and the total mileage of railway operation exceeded 150,000 kilometers, of which the mileage of high-speed rail exceeded 40,000 kilometers. The "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed rail network was fully completed, and the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed rail network was being formed by encryption. The national highway network planning and the national port and waterway layout planning were revised, and the construction of highway and waterway was steadily advanced, and 10 automated terminals were built. The infrastructure construction in the old revolutionary base areas and along the border has been solidly promoted. Accelerate the construction of new infrastructure and build the world’s largest 5G independent networking network. The development of low-carbon and intelligent transportation has been accelerated.
Fourth, the modern circulation system was accelerated. A series of major special plans for modern circulation, modern logistics, cold chain logistics and grain logistics were compiled, and the construction of logistics infrastructure was steadily advanced. In the whole year, 25 national logistics hubs were added, the construction of national backbone cold chain logistics bases was accelerated, and a modern logistics operation system of "channel+hub+network" was initially formed. Coordinate the construction of county commercial system and the promotion of urban commerce. Actively promote logistics to reduce costs and increase efficiency, and the level of social logistics costs has decreased steadily.
(5) Fully implementing the rural revitalization strategy and solidly promoting the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. The strategic plan for rural revitalization has been thoroughly implemented, the development capacity of poverty-stricken areas has been continuously enhanced, and new progress has been made in the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries.
First, consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively link with rural revitalization. Identify 160 key counties for rural revitalization in China. We will increase the investment in rural revitalization subsidies and support underdeveloped areas to cultivate industries with distinctive advantages. We will strengthen monitoring and assistance to unstable households out of poverty, households prone to poverty on the edge and households with sudden severe difficulties, and include 2.4 million people in the scope of subsistence allowances or special hardship support. We will increase the follow-up support for work-for-relief and ex situ poverty alleviation, carry out employment cooperation and assistance in relocation areas, basically realize the employment of at least one relocated family with labor force, and the number of migrant workers out of poverty will reach 31.45 million. Promote consumption assistance to upgrade files, and the proportion of market-oriented assistance exceeds 2/3. Deepen the cooperation between the east and the west and the fixed-point assistance of the central unit, carry out the action of "prospering thousands of villages with thousands of enterprises", and promote the high-quality development of the breeding industry in poverty-stricken areas.
Second, the foundation of modern agriculture continues to be solid. Timely and effectively respond to natural disasters such as floods, typhoons and droughts, and start the continuous construction and modernization of 512 large and medium-sized irrigation areas. A one-time subsidy of 20 billion yuan will be given to grain farmers to cope with the impact of the rapid increase in agricultural prices. Raise the minimum purchase price of rice and wheat to ensure the absolute safety of rations. The total grain output reached 1,365.7 billion Jin, achieving a high yield increase. The annual output of corn reached the highest level in history, and the output of meat, eggs and milk reached 160 million tons. The "vegetable basket" products such as vegetables and fruits were stable in quantity and price. The layout optimization and structural adjustment of agricultural productive forces were accelerated, and 105 million mu of high-standard farmland was built. The national black land protection project was launched, and 72 million mu of black land in Northeast China was cultivated conservatively. The national survey of agricultural germplasm resources was carried out, the technical research of core provenances was accelerated, and the revitalization of seed industry started steadily. Promote the construction of cotton and sugar production, supply, storage and marketing system.
Third, rural construction was promoted in an orderly manner. We will carry out rural construction actions and five-year actions to improve rural human settlements. Implement the rural power grid consolidation and upgrading project to further improve the quality and level of rural electricity consumption. We will carry out the construction of weak water conservancy projects such as the regulation of small and medium-sized rivers and the reinforcement of large and medium-sized dangerous reservoirs, and further fill the shortcomings of flood control infrastructure. Accelerate the construction of agricultural non-point source pollution control projects in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, and implement the county-wide promotion project of resource utilization of livestock manure. Promote the rural toilet revolution according to local conditions, and the national rural sanitary toilet penetration rate exceeds 70%. Efforts have been made to control domestic sewage and garbage, and the proportion of natural villages where domestic garbage is collected and transported has remained stable at over 90%. The existing administrative villages have fully realized broadband access to every village, and the penetration rate of tap water in rural areas has reached 84%. We will further promote the integration and development of rural industries, create a number of new agricultural modernization demonstration zones and national modern agricultural industrial parks, and actively carry out the creation of the third batch of national rural industrial integration and development demonstration parks.
(6) Effectively promote coordinated regional development and new urbanization, and adjust and optimize the regional economic layout. Give full play to comparative advantages, highlight regional characteristics, focus on promoting the integration of urban and rural development, and thoroughly implement major regional strategies and regional coordinated development strategies, so that the regional economy operates steadily and steadily.
First, major regional strategies have been implemented in depth. New breakthroughs have been made in resolving the functions of Beijing’s non-capital. the State Council issued the Opinions on Supporting the High-quality Development of Beijing’s Sub-centers. xiong’an new area entered the stage of large-scale construction, implemented the opinions on supporting the high-quality development of Tianjin Binhai New Area, and accelerated the construction of Zhangjiakou’s capital water conservation functional area and ecological environment support area. The ecological priority and green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have been further promoted, the "4+1" project for rectification of outstanding ecological problems and pollution control has been steadily implemented, and the ecological environment system has achieved remarkable results in protection and restoration. The Yangtze River has achieved a good start in ten years, aquatic biological resources have been gradually restored, the comprehensive transportation system along the Yangtze River has been accelerated, and the Yangtze River Protection Law has been formally implemented. The construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has progressed steadily. the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have issued the Overall Plan for the Construction of Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone and the Plan for Comprehensively Deepening the Reform and Opening-up of Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone, and the integration of infrastructure and public services has been carried out in an orderly manner. The integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta has been further promoted, the level of infrastructure interconnection has been continuously improved, and the system and mechanism of integrated development have been continuously optimized. the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Opinions on Supporting the High-level Reform and Opening-up in Pudong New Area to Create a Leading Zone for Socialist Modernization, and the major tasks such as building a world-class port group in the Yangtze River Delta to form an integrated governance system and jointly building Hongqiao International Open Hub have been vigorously promoted, and the construction of an eco-green integrated development demonstration zone has achieved remarkable results. "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan"The implementation plan for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin was issued, and the "3+1" comprehensive control plan for agriculture, industry, urban life and tailings pond pollution was solidly promoted. Major projects in the fields of pollution prevention, ecological protection and restoration, deep water saving and water control, and soil and water conservation were steadily implemented, and the task of controlling soil erosion of 12,000 square kilometers was completed in the Yellow River provinces.
Second, the strategy of regional coordinated development continued to advance. The newly revised Catalogue of Encouraged Industries in the Western Region will be implemented, and the coverage of preferential policies will be further expanded to promote the protection and development of the west side of the 400 mm precipitation line. The reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises in Northeast China continued to advance, structural adjustment and layout optimization were intensified, and the high-quality development plan of Liaoning coastal economic belt was issued and implemented. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued Opinions on Promoting High-quality Development in Central China in the New Era. All policy tasks to support Hubei’s economic and social development have been completed, and disaster relief and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction in Henan and other places have been solidly promoted. Encourage the eastern region to further enhance its innovation capability, Fujian to promote high-quality development in all directions, accelerate the construction of Jinan’s new and old kinetic energy conversion starting area, and issue and implement the development plan for Jiangsu coastal areas. Vigorously promote the construction of key platforms in key areas, and accelerate the construction of key projects such as national new districts, industrial transfer demonstration zones and airport economic demonstration zones. Support for the revitalization and development of special areas such as underdeveloped areas, old revolutionary base areas, border areas, ecologically degraded areas, resource-based areas and old industrial cities, which focus on poverty alleviation areas, has continued to increase. Accelerate the development of marine economy and promote the construction of a maritime power.
Third, the new urbanization with people as the core has been further promoted. Adhere to the new urbanization road with China characteristics and further improve the new urbanization strategy. The urbanization rate of permanent residents reaches 64.72%. The restrictions on urban settlement were relaxed in an orderly manner, the work of covering the permanent residents who have not settled in urban basic public services continued to advance, and the skills and quality of the agricultural transfer population continued to improve. The carrying capacity of urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas has been continuously improved, and the "1+N" planning system for the construction of the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu-Chongqing area has been accelerated. The work of making up the shortcomings of county towns has been accelerated, and the leading role of 120 county town construction demonstration areas has been effectively exerted. The functions of towns in border areas have been continuously strengthened, and the standardized and healthy development of characteristic towns has been promoted in an orderly manner. Exploration on speeding up the reform of the national urban-rural integration development experimental zone.
(7) We continued to deepen market-oriented reforms, and the confidence and vitality of market players continued to increase. We will deepen the reform around key areas and key links, focus on the concerns of market players, introduce reform plans more accurately, and accelerate the implementation of various reform measures.
First, the system and mechanism of market-oriented allocation of factors continued to improve. We improved the basic system of the market system, introduced the overall plan for implementing the comprehensive reform of market-oriented allocation of factors, and continued to deepen the reform of the negative list system of market access. The action plan for building a high-standard market system was implemented, and the construction of a unified national market was carried out steadily. The long-term mechanism for optimizing the business environment in the field of bidding has been gradually improved, the differentiated treatment of enterprises in bidding and government procurement has been further eliminated, the integration and sharing of public resource trading platforms have been further promoted, the service behavior of trading platforms has been further standardized, and the regional integration and cooperation of trading platforms have been carried out in a solid manner.
Second, the vitality of various market players has been further stimulated. We will further implement the three-year action plan for the reform of state-owned enterprises, accelerate the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, and further focus on the functions of strategic security, industrial leadership, national economy and people’s livelihood, and public services. The reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises was actively and steadily promoted, and nearly 100 pilot enterprises completed the main reform task. Continue to create a good environment for the reform and development of private enterprises, more than 20 laws and regulations related to property rights have been changed and abolished, and 5,847 normative documents related to property rights have been cleaned up. Private enterprises entered oil and gas import and export, railways, nuclear power and other fields, and the first Hangzhou-Shaotai high-speed railway controlled by private capital was completed and opened to traffic. Summarize 72 typical practices of supporting the reform and development of private enterprises in 8 places and promote them to the whole country, and give full play to the leading role of demonstration. Give full play to the role of financing credit service platforms at all levels, strengthen the sharing and application of credit information and promote the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Third, the nationwide business environment continued to be optimized. New progress has been made in the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform. In-depth implementation of the "Regulations on Optimizing the Business Environment", solid business environment evaluation, and pilot business environment innovation. Introduce and implement regulations on the registration of market entities, and unify the registration system of market entities. Standardize the fees charged by enterprises. The reform of the examination and approval system for investment projects has continued to deepen, and the system of investment management laws and regulations has basically taken shape, further reducing the examination and approval procedures and processing time limit for enterprises involved, and realizing "one network to handle more matters". Strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition law enforcement, and increase supervision over platform enterprises. In 2001, 28.872 million new market entities were established, and the total number of market entities exceeded 150 million, including 103 million individual industrial and commercial households, and the activity of market entities remained at around 70%.
Fourth, reforms in key areas such as finance, taxation, finance and prices have been steadily advanced. Opinions on further deepening the reform of budget management system were issued, and the stamp tax law was officially announced. The merger of the main board and small and medium-sized board of Shenzhen Stock Exchange was successfully implemented, and the Beijing Stock Exchange and Guangzhou Futures Exchange were established, and the third pillar of endowment insurance was standardized. Innovate the price mechanism of pumped storage, introduce the new energy parity online policy, optimize the peak-valley time-of-use electricity price mechanism, innovate the natural gas pipeline tariff mechanism, improve the urban water supply price policy, and gradually establish the non-resident kitchen waste metering and charging and over-quota progressive price increase mechanism. The power system reform went hand in hand in many ways, and the second batch of pilot spot trading of power was launched. The competitive business of placing electricity was released in an orderly manner, and the green electricity trading pilot was officially launched. The reform of the oil and gas system has been further promoted, and a new mechanism for oil and gas production and operation has been established with the National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Group Co., Ltd. as the link, and the capacity of peak shaving and emergency supply guarantee has been further enhanced.
(8) Take various measures to stabilize foreign trade and foreign investment, and continuously expand the scope, fields and levels of opening up. Actively participate in international economic cooperation, and the level of opening up has been continuously improved. The total import and export volume of goods reached 39.1 trillion yuan, up by 21.4%, the actually used foreign direct investment amounted to 173.5 billion dollars, up by 20.2%, and the foreign non-financial direct investment amounted to 113.6 billion dollars, up by 3.2%.
First, the measures to stabilize foreign trade and foreign investment have achieved remarkable results. Accelerate the development of new foreign trade formats and new models, and further improve the quality of foreign trade import and export. Major exhibitions such as China International Import Expo(CIIE), Canton Fair, Service Fair, Consumer Fair and CIFIT were successfully held. Expand the pilot scope of cross-border e-commerce retail import, and lay out and build a number of overseas warehouses in seaports and dry ports. Comprehensively deepen the pilot of innovation and development of service trade and make steady progress. In-depth implementation of the foreign investment law, the formulation and release of the 2021 version of the negative list of foreign investment access in the national and free trade pilot zones, and the reduction of special management measures to 31 and 27 respectively. The construction and development of Lingang New Area in China Pilot Free Trade Zone has reached a new level. We will steadily and orderly promote the opening of capital projects and further improve the cross-border RMB settlement policy. We will improve the management of full-caliber foreign debt, continuously optimize the structure of foreign debt, and carry out medium-and long-term foreign debt supervision and inspection and risk investigation pilots to prevent corporate foreign debt risks. Focus on guiding enterprises’ foreign debt funds to implement major national strategies and promote the development of key areas.
Second, new progress has been made in the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road". By the end of 2021, China has signed more than 200 cooperation documents with 145 countries and 32 international organizations to jointly build the Belt and Road Initiative. We made overall plans to promote epidemic prevention and control and production construction of overseas projects. A number of major landmark projects made positive progress. China-Laos Railway was completed and opened to traffic. The construction of China-Pakistan, China-Mongolia-Russia, China-Indo-China Peninsula and other key projects such as Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway and Hungary-Serbia Railway progressed steadily. The second-phase equity of Piraeus Port was successfully delivered. Solidly promote third-party market cooperation. The "Belt and Road" green energy cooperation has been accelerated. China-Europe trains operated safely and stably, with 15,000 trains and 1.46 million TEUs, up by 22% and 29% respectively, with a heavy container rate of 98.1%, reaching 180 cities in 23 European countries. The construction of the "Belt and Road" risk prevention and control and security system has been continuously improved, and the level of local participation and integration in building the "Belt and Road" has been continuously improved.
Third, the platform for opening to the outside world has been steadily advanced. The Hainan Free Trade Port Law, the negative list of foreign investment access and the negative list of cross-border service trade in Hainan Free Trade Port were promulgated and implemented, and the "zero tariff" policy was implemented for some imported goods, and special measures for relaxing market access, encouraged industrial catalogues and trade liberalization and facilitation measures were promulgated and implemented. We will promote the construction of the main channel of the new land and sea channel in the west, build an international gateway port in Beibu Gulf, and continue to deepen the open cooperation with ASEAN along the channel. The construction of a comprehensive demonstration zone for expanding and opening up the national service industry in Beijing has been solidly promoted, and four new comprehensive pilot projects for expanding and opening up the service industry have been added.
The fourth is to take new steps in participating in global economic governance. Firmly uphold the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization (WTO) as the core, and put forward China’s proposal on multilateral occasions such as the Group of Twenty (G20), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and BRICS countries. Promote the entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) and apply to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (CPTPP) and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA). China-Cambodia (Puzhai) FTA came into effect. Negotiations on the second phase of the China-South Korea FTA and follow-up negotiations on the upgrade of the China-Singapore (Singapore) FTA were promoted in an orderly manner.
(9) solidly promote the construction of ecological civilization, and the pace of comprehensive green transformation is steady. We will fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control, consolidate and expand the achievements of pollution prevention and control, do a good job in carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyle.
First, the ecological security barrier has been gradually built. The integrated protection and systematic management of grass and sand in mountains, rivers, forests, fields and lakes have been solidly promoted, the reform of state-owned forest farms and key state-owned forest areas has achieved positive results, the planning of major projects such as ecological protection and restoration in the ecological barrier area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been accelerated, and key tasks such as natural forest protection and afforestation, restoration of degraded grasslands, soil erosion control, desertification control and wetland protection have been implemented in an orderly manner. The area of soil erosion control in China has increased by 62,000 square kilometers, and the area of new land greening has exceeded 100 million mu. The establishment of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body was accelerated. New progress has been made in the construction of national ecological civilization experimental zones in Fujian, Jiangxi, Guizhou and Hainan. The compensation system and mechanism for ecological protection are more perfect. Further strengthen the protection of biodiversity and successfully hold the first phase of the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
Second, the work of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions was promoted in an orderly manner. We issued and implemented the Opinions on Completely, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concept to Do a Good Job in Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions and the peak carbon dioxide emissions Action Plan before 2030 to accelerate the construction of the "1+N" policy system for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of a green and low-carbon circular development economic system, vigorously promote industrial green transformation and energy structure adjustment, and accelerate the planning and construction of large-scale wind power and photovoltaic base projects, focusing on deserts, Gobi and desert areas in Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Xinjiang. Increase financial support for key areas of clean and efficient utilization of renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaics and coal. The installed capacity of renewable energy power generation has exceeded 1 billion kilowatts. Actively and constructively participate in the negotiation and consultation on various issues of the United Nations Climate Change Glasgow Conference. The national carbon emission trading market started online trading, and the first performance cycle included 2162 key emission units in the power generation industry, and the carbon emission reduction support tools came into effect. We will further improve the dual control of energy consumption intensity and total amount, clarify the benchmark level and benchmark level of energy efficiency in key areas, strictly restrict energy efficiency, and resolutely curb the blind development of "two high" and low-level projects.
Third, the battle against pollution continued to deepen. Deepen the battle against pollution and promote the construction of a modern environmental governance system. The coordinated control of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone has been continuously strengthened, and the investigation and rectification of urban black and odorous water bodies, sewage outlets entering rivers and seas and industrial parks have been intensified, and the control and remediation of soil pollution have continued to deepen. We will promote the recycling of sewage, vigorously promote the construction of urban environmental infrastructure, further promote cleaner production, vigorously promote the whole chain control of plastic pollution, make positive progress in the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and fully realize zero import of foreign garbage. The proportion of days with excellent air quality in cities at prefecture level and above reached 87.5%, the average concentration of PM2.5 decreased by 9.1%, the proportion of sections with excellent surface water quality (I-III) increased to 84.9%, and the proportion of sections with poor V water quality decreased to 1.2%.
(ten) efforts to ensure the improvement of people’s livelihood, people’s living standards have steadily improved. We will continue to do a good job in the construction of inclusive, basic and comprehensive people’s livelihood, improve the level of public services, and further strengthen the social security network.
First, the work of promoting common prosperity has been solidly promoted. Plan to promote the top-level design of common prosperity and support the high-quality development and construction of a common prosperity demonstration zone in Zhejiang. The reform of the income distribution system continued to deepen, the initial distribution policy was improved, and the redistribution adjustment was intensified. The income of urban and rural residents has increased steadily, and the per capita disposable income of the national residents has actually increased by 8.1%.
Second, the employment priority policy continued to be strengthened. We will continue to implement some phased policies to reduce burdens, stabilize posts and expand employment, promote entrepreneurship to drive employment demonstration actions, carry out in-depth projects to improve the quality of employment services, and promote the construction of labor brands. Promote the employment and entrepreneurship of key groups such as college graduates, retired military personnel and migrant workers, strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of workers in new employment forms, and promote the healthy development of flexible employment. In 2021, the demonstration action of entrepreneurship driving employment will drive employment of about 2 million people. Carry out vocational skills training on a large scale and support the construction of a number of public training bases. We will strengthen the construction of entrepreneurial parks in rural areas, and strengthen the support of entrepreneurial platforms for migrant workers and other personnel.
Third, the pace of building a strong country through education has been accelerated. A strong education country will promote the implementation of the project, support basic education to make up for shortcomings, build excellent vocational education and create first-class higher education. The consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education and the gross enrollment rate of high school education reached 95.4% and 91.4% respectively, and the enrollment of undergraduate and postgraduate students in general higher education exceeded 11 million. Solidly promote the "double reduction" of compulsory education and strengthen the supervision of off-campus training fees for disciplines. Improve the standard of nutritional and dietary subsidies for rural compulsory education students, and further promote the construction of weak links and capacity improvement of compulsory education. Continue to increase the supply of inclusive preschool education resources and improve the basic conditions for running ordinary high schools in the county. Concentrate on supporting poverty-stricken counties to focus on compulsory education, coordinate the construction of preschool education resources, and expand the supply of degrees. Exceeded the three-year action goal of higher vocational enrollment expansion. Strengthening the key areas of economic and social development urgently needs discipline construction and personnel training, and increasing support for disciplines such as integrated circuits and artificial intelligence. In key areas such as integrated circuits and energy storage technology, a number of innovative platforms for integration of production and education will be laid out. 63 state-owned enterprises with integration of industry, education and education and 21 pilot cities with integration of industry and education were newly identified.
Fourth, the construction of a healthy China has progressed steadily. In-depth patriotic health campaign, continue to promote the Healthy China Action, and implement the national nutrition plan. The quality and safety supervision of food, medicine and other products has been continuously strengthened. The comprehensive reform of public hospitals continued to deepen. Promote the expansion of high-quality medical resources and balanced regional distribution, steadily advance the construction of national medical centers, expand the pilot scope of national regional medical center construction projects in an orderly manner, and accelerate the construction of graded diagnosis and treatment and medical associations. The construction of public health prevention and treatment capacity has been accelerated, and the pace of construction of CDC has been accelerated. Promote the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine. We will promote the normalization and institutionalization of centralized drug procurement, continue to expand the scope of centralized procurement of drugs and medical consumables nationwide, greatly reduce the prices of some drugs in the medical insurance catalogue, and significantly improve the level of drug protection for major diseases and special populations. Optimize the birth policy and implement the three-child birth policy and supporting measures.
Fifth, the multi-level social security system has been continuously improved. The number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance reached 1.029 billion, and the participation rate exceeded 91%. Promote the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance, and steadily improve the basic pension for retirees. The basic medical insurance for employees, the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents and the serious illness insurance system have become more perfect, the medical insurance treatment list system has been established, the basic medical insurance covers 1.36 billion people, and the participation rate has been stabilized at over 95%. The reimbursement rate of hospitalization expenses within the policy scope of urban and rural residents’ basic medical insurance has remained at 70%, and the inter-provincial direct settlement of general outpatient expenses has covered all co-ordination areas. The inter-provincial direct settlement rate of hospitalization expenses has reached 60%, and the long-term care insurance system has been expanded. The number of people participating in unemployment insurance and work-related injury insurance has further increased, and the phased unemployment subsidy policy has continued to be implemented. Through work-related injury insurance, 2.02 million workers with work-related injuries and their dependent relatives have been provided with treatment protection. Strengthen the basic living security of people in need, establish a dynamic monitoring mechanism for low-income population, promote the construction of a hierarchical and classified social assistance system, and timely provide basic living assistance, special assistance or emergency social assistance. Accelerate the urban and rural overall planning of the subsistence allowance system, so as to ensure that all insurance should be guaranteed. Further improve the linkage mechanism between social assistance and security standards and price increases, and expand the scope of temporary price subsidies. We will speed up the improvement of the housing security system and support large cities with net population inflow to expand the supply of affordable rental housing. Strengthen disaster prevention, mitigation and relief work, properly resettle the affected people, and support post-disaster recovery and reconstruction in Henan, Zhengzhou and other places.Prevent and contain serious accidents.
Sixth, the quality of public services has been further improved. Introduce and implement the National Basic Public Service Standard (2021 Edition), gradually improve industry standards and norms, organize grassroots standardization pilots, and improve the equalization promotion mechanism. The landmark projects of the Great Wall, the Grand Canal, the Long March, the Yellow River and other national cultural parks were promoted in an orderly manner. We will carry out cultural protection and inheritance projects and strengthen the protection and utilization of important cultural heritage and important natural heritage. Promote the high-quality development of public cultural services, implement the national smart library system and public cultural cloud construction projects, and promote the construction of new public cultural spaces in urban and rural areas. Study and formulate the outline of national tourism and leisure development, and promote the implementation of the paid vacation system. Support the high-quality development of red tourism and rural tourism. Formulate opinions on building a higher-level national fitness service system and promote the construction of sports parks, with a per capita sports area of 2.41 square meters. Deepen the "leader" action to promote the upgrading and expansion of domestic service industry, and carry out the credit construction action of domestic enterprises. Accelerate the coordinated development of the cause of aging and the aging industry, and initially establish an old-age service system that is coordinated by home community institutions and combines medical care and health care. The number of old-age beds in the whole society has reached 8.135 million. The protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly has been continuously strengthened, and the barrier-free environment in urban and rural areas has been significantly improved. Develop a universal nursery service system and promote the construction of a number of convenient, affordable and quality-guaranteed nursery institutions. Improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the two subsidy standards for the disabled. Do a good job in safeguarding the rights and interests of women and children,We will promote the construction of child-friendly cities, gradually improve the network of assistance and protection for minors, and continuously improve social welfare systems for the disabled and orphans.
Generally speaking, in 2021, the expected targets of economic growth, employment, consumer price, balance of payments, etc. have been well achieved, indicators in the fields of scientific and technological innovation, resource conservation, environmental protection and social security have been continuously improved, food and energy production has grown steadily, and the main objectives and tasks of economic and social development have been well completed throughout the year. It’s hard to know what’s going on until it’s gone through. Facing the complicated and severe international and domestic situation, we have maintained our strategic strength, unswervingly managed our own affairs, strived to complete the arduous task of reform and development, successfully achieved the first century-long struggle goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and made a solid step on the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and marching towards the second century-long struggle goal. These achievements are the result of the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the scientific guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, and the concerted efforts and hard work of the whole party and people of all ethnic groups throughout the country.
At the same time, we should also see that the problems and challenges facing China’s development are obviously increasing. From the international situation, the global epidemic is still going on, the momentum of world economic recovery is insufficient, commodity prices fluctuate at a high level, and the external environment is becoming more complicated, severe and uncertain. From the domestic situation, economic development faces triple pressures of demand contraction, supply shock and expected weakening, and local epidemics occur from time to time. The new downward pressure on the economy is prominent, and risks in some areas may be exposed faster, making it significantly more difficult to maintain a stable economic operation. First, the aggregate demand is shrinking. The overall market environment is tightening, the recovery of consumption and investment is slow, and effective demand is still insufficient. The two-year average growth rate of per capita disposable income of residents is lower than that before the epidemic. Coupled with the disturbance of the epidemic, the consumption ability and willingness of urban residents are restrained, and the recovery of offline contact consumption is still affected by the epidemic. The endogenous motivation of investment is not strong, the foundation for the subsequent growth of manufacturing investment is not firm, the land acquisition area of real estate is declining, the growth rate of development investment is declining, and the income from land transfer in some places is reduced, and the guarantee of capital land is insufficient, which affects the expansion of effective investment. At the same time, as the gap between supply and demand narrows after the economic order of some countries is restored, the competition in the international market is more intense, and it is more difficult to stabilize exports. The second is the structural shortage. Enterprise production still faces problems such as factor shortage, and there are still some constraints in coal and power supply security. The supply performance of bulk commodities such as oil and natural gas is easily affected by changes in global supply and demand situation and geopolitical risks, and the problem of "stuck neck" in some industries is prominent.Problems such as lack of core, lack of cabinet and lack of work still exist to varying degrees. The international environment facing the development of high-tech industries is more severe, and the ability of scientific and technological innovation needs to be strengthened. The pressure of resources and environment will also restrict the supply of some products. Third, costs and prices have risen. The demand is tight, the supply is limited, the prices of energy, minerals and other commodities are running at a high level, and the main production and operation indicators of enterprises are not optimistic. It is more difficult for some middle and lower reaches manufacturing enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises, to digest the cost pressure, and the problems such as expensive labor and difficult recovery of accounts receivable are prominent. Fourth, risks in the economic and financial fields have risen. Some enterprises with high debts and blind expansion, especially real estate enterprises, are exposed to risks. The asset quality of some small and medium-sized banks has declined, and financial risks are still accumulating in some areas. In some places, there are many difficulties in economic recovery and development, and the contradiction between revenue and expenditure at the grass-roots level is still prominent. Some local governments are under great pressure to repay debts, and it is still difficult to ensure basic people’s livelihood, wages and operation. There are still many shortcomings and weaknesses in the areas of people’s livelihood such as fertility, parenting, education, medical care, old-age care and environmental protection. There are still many challenges to ensure food security and energy supply, and the disorderly expansion of capital may form a greater risk hidden danger. The pressure of production safety is still high, extreme weather events may become more and more intense, and the task of disaster prevention and mitigation is arduous. Fifth, the market expectation is unstable. Many market players, especially small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, have difficulties in production and operation, are worried about the market prospects, and the task of stabilizing employment is even more arduous. In addition, the overall coordination ability of multi-objectives and multi-policies needs to be improved, the government work is insufficient, and formalism and bureaucracy are still outstanding.The phenomenon of being divorced from reality and going against the wishes of the masses often occurs. Some of them adopt a "one size fits all" and sports-oriented approach in policy implementation. In some places, the understanding and understanding of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality goal is still biased. In some places, the policy implementation is simple and mechanical, and some local reasonable policies are superimposed, which has a negative impact.
We should face up to the difficulties and strengthen our confidence. Although the difficulties and challenges faced by China’s economic operation have obviously increased, the good momentum of sustained economic recovery and development has not changed, the conditions of production factors supporting high-quality development have not changed, the fundamentals of strong economic resilience and long-term improvement have not changed, and China’s development is still in an important strategic opportunity period. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the great achievements and historical experience of the party’s 100-year struggle have gathered strong spiritual strength, and the institutional advantages of concentrating on doing big things have continued to be highlighted. The comprehensive national strength has steadily increased and the potential of the ultra-large-scale domestic market has formed strong support. The deepening of reform and opening up has stimulated market vitality, and the coordinated development of regional urban and rural areas has fostered strong impetus. In particular, hundreds of millions of people have a strong desire to pursue a better life, great potential for entrepreneurial innovation, firm will to overcome difficulties together, and have accumulated rich experience in coping with major risks and challenges. We have the foundation, conditions, confidence and ability to maintain stable, healthy and sustainable economic development.
II. Overall requirements, main objectives and policy orientation of economic and social development in 2022
The The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China（CPC） will be held in 2022, which is a very important year in the development of the cause of the party and the country. It is of great significance to do a good job in economic work.
(1) General requirements.
To do a good job in economic work in 2022, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and under the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we should fully implement the spirit of the 19th Party Congress and its previous plenary sessions, carry forward the great spirit of party building, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, comprehensively deepen reform and opening up, and persist in innovation-driven development. Promote high-quality development, adhere to the supply-side structural reform as the main line, coordinate epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, coordinate development and safety, continue to do a good job in "six stabilities" and "six guarantees", continuously improve people’s livelihood, focus on stabilizing the macro-economic market, keep the economy running in a reasonable range, maintain overall social stability, and welcome the convening of the Party’s twentieth victory.
In specific work, we should correctly grasp the main social contradictions and central tasks, attach importance to strategic and strategic issues, combine strategic firmness with strategic flexibility, deepen the research on major theoretical and practical issues, correctly understand and grasp the main goals and practical ways to achieve common prosperity, correctly understand and grasp the characteristics and behavior laws of capital, correctly understand and grasp the supply guarantee of primary products, correctly understand and grasp the prevention and resolution of major risks, correctly understand and grasp peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality, and achieve key breakthroughs in the overall promotion. We should put steady growth in a more prominent position. Economic work is the central task of the party in governing the country, and development is the basis and key to solving all problems in China. We must insist that development is the top priority, firmly grasp that stability is the main tone and stability is the overall situation, and strive to solve the dilemma and difficult problems in economic operation and promote stable, healthy and sustainable development. It is necessary to make overall plans to stabilize growth, adjust the structure and promote reform. Accelerate the transformation of the development mode, make greater efforts to improve the quality of the supply system and smooth the economic cycle, implement the innovation-driven development strategy in depth, promote high-level science and technology to stand on its own feet and strengthen itself, promote the reform of key links in key areas with greater determination, and strive to open up various card points and plug points, strengthen the support of factor guarantee, increase high-quality supply, promote consumption upgrading, promote effective investment, and form a strong domestic market. We should persist in seeking truth from facts. Based on the basic national conditions in the primary stage of socialism, respecting the law of development, objective reality and the needs of the masses, we should work creatively according to local conditions.Fully mobilize the entrepreneurial enthusiasm of all officials. It is necessary to promote a better combination of an effective market and a promising government. Pay more attention to the use of market-oriented means, accelerate the removal of deep-seated institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict high-quality development, build a new open economic system at a higher level, accelerate the creation of a world-class business environment, and stimulate market vitality and social creativity. We should pay more attention to overall development and security. Deeply grasp the evolution trend of the world’s unprecedented great changes in the past century, closely follow the changes in the international and domestic situations, strengthen risk prevention and control in key areas, prepare work plans in advance to deal with various complex situations, and firmly hold the bottom line that no systemic risks will occur. We should adhere to the people-centered development thought. We will continue to improve people’s lives in development, strengthen employment priority orientation in promoting high-quality development, persist in doing our best and doing what we can, improve the system of public service policies and systems, rely on joint efforts, solidly promote common prosperity, safeguard basic people’s livelihood, and continuously enhance people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security.
(2) Main expected objectives.
In accordance with the above general requirements, adhere to the current and long-term perspective, give consideration to needs and possibilities on the basis of comprehensive balance, and put forward the main expected goals of economic and social development in 2022:
— — The gross domestic product increased by about 5.5%. Main considerations: First, this goal fully considers the current economic operation reality, reflects the need to stabilize employment, protect people’s livelihood and prevent risks, and is conducive to guiding development expectations, boosting market confidence and mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties. Second, this goal is in line with the average economic growth rate in the past two years and the requirements of the 14 th Five-Year Plan. Third, this goal is in line with the expectations of all parties in the face of China’s economic development. This is a medium-to-high-speed growth with a high base, which reflects the initiative and needs hard work to achieve.
— — More than 11 million new jobs were created in cities and towns, and the urban unemployment rate was controlled within 5.5% throughout the year. On the new employment in cities and towns: considering the employment needs of key groups such as college graduates and workers’ job transfer brought about by industrial upgrading, it is the basic requirement to achieve new employment in cities and towns with more than 11 million people; At the same time, with the sustained economic recovery, especially the effectiveness of various policies to promote employment, there is good support for achieving new employment in cities and towns with more than 11 million people. Regarding the survey of unemployment rate in cities and towns, it is mainly considered that employment is related to people’s livelihood and social stability. It is necessary to further highlight the policy orientation of giving priority to employment, fully embody the determination to stabilize employment, and compact the responsibility of all parties, especially all localities, to protect employment. This goal is also achievable.
— — Consumer prices rose by about 3%. The main considerations are: the imported inflationary pressure may continue, and the rising cost at the production end may be gradually transmitted to the consumption end, etc., and the hikes are superimposed. It is estimated that the rising pressure of consumer prices in 2022 may be greater than that in 2021, and the increase of consumer prices will be set at about 3%, which reflects the work requirements of ensuring the supply and stability of daily necessities and keeping the overall price level basically stable. At the same time, it also leaves room appropriately, which is conducive to stabilizing market expectations.
— — Residents’ income growth is basically synchronized with economic growth. Main considerations: this is an inevitable requirement of adhering to the people-centered development thought and an important foundation for expanding consumption and stabilizing the economy. With the promotion of policies and measures such as promoting employment, improving the quality of employment, expanding middle-income groups, increasing the income of low-income groups, and strengthening redistribution adjustment, the income growth of residents is expected to continue to keep pace with economic growth in 2022.
— — Import and export promote stability and quality improvement, and the international balance of payments is basically balanced. Main considerations: this is the need to cope with complex and severe external environmental changes, and it is also an important measure to stabilize the basic foreign investment and foreign trade and maintain a stable economic operation. At the same time, the advantages of China’s entire industrial chain continue to emerge, various policies to stabilize foreign trade and foreign investment have been effective, new formats and new models have flourished, and the pace of high-quality trade development has accelerated, which can provide strong support for promoting the stability and quality of imports and exports and the basic balance of payments.
— — Grain output remained above 1.3 trillion Jin. The main considerations are: food is the most important thing for the people, and food stability makes the world safe. Ensuring food security is the bottom line of security that must be kept. Although China’s grain has been harvested year after year, the supply and demand are still in a tight balance. Considering the domestic grain consumption demand, comprehensive production capacity, changes in the global grain market and other factors as a whole, in order to ensure market supply and price stability, the grain output must be kept above 1.3 trillion Jin.
— — The quality of the ecological environment continued to improve, and the discharge of major pollutants continued to decline; The energy consumption intensity target shall be assessed as a whole during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with appropriate flexibility, and the newly added renewable energy and raw material energy shall not be included in the total energy consumption control. Main considerations: set the annual target of ecological environment according to the time schedule of the 14th Five-Year Plan, promote accurate, scientific and legal pollution control, fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control in depth, and accelerate the implementation of various key emission reduction projects. At the same time, considering the current economic development reality, ensuring the safety of energy supply and achieving the goal of energy conservation and carbon reduction, the energy intensity target will be assessed as a whole during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, with appropriate flexibility, which will not only leave a reasonable space for energy use to ensure the stable operation of the economy, but also effectively promote local efforts to maintain energy conservation, taking into account development and emission reduction, both at present and in the long run, and steadily promote green and low-carbon development under the premise of ensuring energy security, thus providing support for achieving the goal of energy intensity reduction during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.
(3) Major macro-policy orientations.
In order to achieve the above goals, we must adhere to the principle of stability and strive for progress. Macro policies should be steady and effective, micro policies should continue to stimulate the vitality of market players, structural policies should focus on smoothing the national economic cycle, science and technology policies should be solidly implemented, reform and opening-up policies should activate the development momentum, regional policies should enhance the balance and coordination of development, and social policies should focus on grasping the bottom line of people’s livelihood. All aspects should focus on implementing these major policies and requirements and refine the specific measures. Strengthen multi-objective co-ordination, do a good job in coordinating and connecting various policies, further give play to the enthusiasm of the central and local governments, make appropriate efforts in policy development, use reserve policy tools in a timely manner, grasp the timeliness and effectiveness of policies, strengthen economic monitoring and early warning and pre-research and reserve policies, find and deal with emerging trend problems early, strengthen directional control, precise control and camera control on the basis of interval control, enhance foresight, pertinence and effectiveness, and formulate risk prevention plans. Improve the efficiency of policy implementation, introduce more practical measures that are conducive to boosting effective demand, strengthening supply security and stabilizing market expectations, strive to hedge the uncertainty of the external environment with the certainty of work, boost the confidence of all parties in China’s development, and ensure the smooth operation of the economy.
A proactive fiscal policy should improve efficiency and pay more attention to accuracy and sustainability. In 2022, deficit ratio will be arranged at about 2.8%, which is lower than that in 2021, which will not only ensure the intensity of fiscal expenditure, but also enhance fiscal sustainability and reserve sufficient space for dealing with possible more complicated situations. It is estimated that the fiscal revenue will continue to grow in 2022, and the profits accumulated in recent years by certain state-owned financial institutions and franchisees will be transferred to the budget stabilization fund, so the available financial resources will increase significantly, and the expenditure scale will be more than 2 trillion yuan than that in 2021. The new financial resources should sink to the grassroots level, mainly used to implement the basic livelihood policies of helping enterprises to bail out difficulties and stabilizing employment, to promote consumption and expand demand. Strengthen support for small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, manufacturing, and risk resolution. Implement a new combined tax and fee support policy. Optimize the focus and structure of expenditure, increase financial support for major national strategic tasks, and further support the protection and improvement of people’s livelihood. The transfer payment from the central government to the local government increased by 18%, a substantial increase compared with 2021, and more funds were included in the direct scope, which made the grassroots more capable and motivated to implement the policy of benefiting enterprises and benefiting the people. Party and government organs persist in living a tight life, strictly enforce financial discipline, resolutely control newly-built buildings and halls, and strictly control general expenditures. Resolutely curb the hidden debts of new local governments.
A prudent monetary policy should be flexible and moderate, and maintain a reasonable and sufficient liquidity. Give full play to the dual functions of monetary policy tools in terms of aggregate and structure, and provide stronger support for the real economy. In 2022, the balance of broad money supply (M2), the growth rate of social financing scale and the nominal growth rate of GDP will be basically matched, and the macro leverage ratio will be basically stable. Improve the regulation mechanism of money supply, improve the formation and transmission mechanism of market-oriented interest rates, and further reduce the comprehensive financing cost of the real economy. Further dredge the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, promote the reasonable growth of money and credit, optimize the credit structure, make good use of refinancing, rediscount and direct access tools, and guide financial institutions to increase their support for the real economy, especially manufacturing, small and micro enterprises, scientific and technological innovation and green development. Use multi-level capital market to increase financing support, increase the proportion of equity financing, and promote the virtuous circle of finance, technology and industry. We will improve the macro-prudential management and micro-supervision of the foreign exchange market and maintain the basic stability of the RMB exchange rate at a reasonable and balanced level. Build a long-term mechanism to prevent and resolve financial risks, and firmly hold the bottom line that systemic financial risks do not occur.
Employment priority policy should improve quality and strength. Adhere to the employment priority strategy, improve the employment impact assessment mechanism, and strengthen the employment priority orientation in promoting high-quality development. Vigorously expand employment channels, focus on stabilizing employment by stabilizing market players, and enhance the role of entrepreneurship in promoting employment. Fiscal, financial and other policies should give priority to employment and increase support for enterprises to stabilize and expand their posts. We will adjust and improve some policies to reduce burdens, stabilize posts and expand employment, use 100 billion yuan of unemployment insurance fund to support job stabilization and vocational skills training, continue to promote entrepreneurship to promote employment, implement the policy of business guarantee loans and interest subsidies, and thoroughly implement the project to improve the quality of employment services. We will continue to do a good job in the employment of key groups such as college graduates, retired military personnel and migrant workers, strengthen employment assistance for the labor force vulnerable to poverty alleviation, increase employment assistance for people with employment difficulties and the disabled, and ensure that zero-employment families are dynamically cleared. Establish a mechanism to promote multi-channel flexible employment, support and standardize the development of new employment forms, promote the pilot of occupational injury protection for employees in new employment forms, and safeguard the rights and interests of workers in new employment forms. In-depth implementation of Skills China, large-scale and multi-level vocational skills training, building and sharing a number of public training bases, and implementing relevant policies to expand college graduates’ participation in vocational skills training. Improve the all-round public employment service system. Strengthen employment monitoring and unemployment early warning, effectively prevent and resolve the risk of large-scale unemployment, and strive to achieve more full and higher-quality employment.
At the same time, make overall plans and do a good job in the regulation of coal, electricity, oil and gas transportation. Give full play to the role of inter-ministerial coordination mechanism for coal, electricity, oil and gas transportation support, compact the responsibilities of local governments, departments and enterprises, adhere to the principle of first establishing and then breaking, and give priority to people’s livelihood to ensure the safe supply of energy. Strengthen the domestic resources production support capacity, accelerate the exploration and development of oil, gas, minerals and other resources, and consolidate the good momentum of development, storage and production. Ensure the supply of electric coal, increase the transportation guarantee of electric coal in key coal-producing areas and areas with tight transportation capacity, improve the formation mechanism of coal market price, enhance the power guarantee capacity, ensure stable, reliable and sufficient supply, improve the on-grid electricity price mechanism of new energy, and improve the level of natural gas source protection. Promote the adjustment and optimization of energy structure in an orderly manner. We will implement a comprehensive conservation strategy, strengthen refined energy management, ensure people’s livelihood and public energy demand, promote the orderly implementation of transformation and upgrading of key industries with energy efficiency below the benchmark level, and promote the whole society to strengthen energy conservation. Improve the national strategic material reserve system.
III. Main Tasks of the National Economic and Social Development Plan for 2022
In 2022, in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, we should highlight the key points, grasp the key points, and do a good job in ten aspects.
(1) Strengthen and improve macro-control and effectively expand domestic demand. Optimize the macro-policy mix, identify the focus of policies, enhance the key role of investment in optimizing the supply structure, give play to the basic role of consumption in economic development, release the potential of domestic demand, stimulate the advantages of domestic super-large-scale market, and smooth the domestic circulation, thus providing a solid foundation for stabilizing the macro-economic market.
The first is to improve policies such as reducing burdens and relieving difficulties. Adhere to the combination of phased measures and institutional arrangements, and simultaneously reduce taxes and refund taxes. We will continue to implement the policy of tax reduction and fee reduction to support manufacturing, small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, increase the scope of reduction and exemption, exempt small-scale taxpayers from value-added tax in stages, and levy corporate income tax by half on the part of small and micro enterprises with annual taxable income of 1 million to 3 million yuan. Large-scale tax refund will be implemented for the value-added tax allowance, with emphasis on supporting the manufacturing industry and giving priority to small and micro enterprises. It is estimated that the annual tax reduction and tax rebate will be about 2.5 trillion yuan, of which the tax rebate will be about 1.5 trillion yuan. We will continue to implement the policy of reducing unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance rates in stages. We will carry out special rectification actions for illegal fees charged by enterprises, and resolutely investigate and deal with arbitrary charges, fines and apportionment. We will further solve the financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises, expand the coverage of inclusive finance, make good use of universal micro-credit support tools, continue to increase small-scale loans to support agriculture, promote the increase, expansion and price reduction of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, promote the obvious growth of the balance of universal micro-loans, and continuously increase the issuance of first loans and credit loans. Promote the financial system to make profits to the real economy by lowering interest rates, reducing fees and other measures. Guide financial institutions to optimize credit management, continue to provide financing support to enterprises in industries seriously affected by the epidemic, and avoid blindly restricting loans, drawing loans and cutting off loans in industries. Promote the reduction of production and operation costs of enterprises, clean up the unreasonable price increase in the process of switching to power supply, support local governments to implement phased preferential policies for electricity consumption in industries with special difficulties, and increase the efforts to clean up accounts owed to small and medium-sized enterprises.Guide large-scale platform enterprises to reduce fees and reduce the burden on small and medium-sized businesses.
The second is to actively expand effective investment. In 2022, it is planned to arrange 3.65 trillion yuan of local government special bonds and 640 billion yuan of investment in the central budget. High-quality construction of 102 major projects in the 14 th Five-Year Plan. Adhere to the principle that "projects follow the plan, and funds and elements follow the project", speed up the projects under construction, pay close attention to the start of a number of mature projects, strengthen project planning and reserve, and appropriately lay out infrastructure projects ahead of schedule. Do a good job in ensuring land, energy and other factors, implement separate energy consumption for major national projects, and strengthen project scheduling and supervision. Expand investment in strategic emerging industries and support enterprises to expand investment in equipment renewal and technological transformation. Fill the shortcomings in the fields of agriculture and rural areas, water conservancy, municipal engineering, disaster prevention and mitigation, emergency support, etc., promote the transformation of old urban communities, and promote urban renewal in an orderly manner. Promote the aging and renovation of urban gas pipelines, strengthen the management of urban waterlogging, and implement the basic network improvement project of small and medium-sized cities in the central and western regions. Improve the urban system and infrastructure along the border. Deepen the reform of investment and financing system and mechanism, encourage and guide private capital to participate in the construction of short-board projects such as municipal, transportation, water conservancy, ecological environment and social undertakings. Standardize and orderly promote the government and social capital cooperation (PPP) model, accelerate the pilot of real estate investment trusts (REITs) in infrastructure, promote the revitalization of existing assets, and form a virtuous circle of investment.
The third is to promote the sustained recovery of consumption. Further release the consumption potential and continue to cultivate consumption hotspots. Stabilize and expand the mass consumption of automobiles, promote the transformation of consumer goods such as automobiles from purchase management to use management, support the consumption of new energy vehicles, continue to carry out new energy vehicles to the countryside, and strengthen the construction of urban parking facilities and supporting facilities such as charging piles and power stations. Develop service consumption and relax market access in the service sector. Implement the paid vacation system. Expand new consumption scenarios, cultivate and expand new consumption such as smart retail, digital culture and smart tourism, promote online consumption, and promote the standardized and healthy development of live e-commerce. Promote the implementation of the action plan for the development of ice and snow tourism. Encourage qualified places to carry out green smart home appliances to the countryside and trade in old ones, and carry out green building the countryside activities. Advocate a simple and moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle and consumption pattern. Promote the innovative development of time-honored brands. Cultivate and develop the silver-haired economy, and develop technologies and products suitable for aging. Promote the cultivation and construction of an international consumption center city. Promote the construction of regional consumption centers. Encourage qualified cities to develop night economy. Improve community commercial facilities, create a convenient living circle in the city, improve the county commercial network, and speed up the penetration of county and rural e-commerce systems and express logistics distribution systems. Strengthen supervision over the quality and safety of consumer goods, crack down on counterfeiting, strengthen the protection of consumers’ rights and interests, and further improve the consumption environment.
Fourth, carry out major infrastructure construction ahead of schedule. Accurately and effectively promote the construction of major infrastructure projects in the fields of transportation, water conservancy, logistics, energy, new infrastructure and people’s livelihood. We will accelerate the construction of sichuan-tibet railway, the new land and sea passage in the west, the high-speed railway along the Yangtze River, a number of key projects of special railway lines and the upgrading and reconstruction of the G318 line of Sichuan-Tibet Highway. We will promote the construction of intercity railways and regional (suburban) railways in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Greater Bay Area urban agglomerations as a whole. Encourage the promotion of rail transit+land comprehensive development model experience. Do a good job in revising the medium and long-term railway network, national highway network and national port and waterway layout planning, and strengthen the functions of national highway, port and high-grade waterway network. Research and demonstration of promoting the new waterway of the Three Gorges. Implement major national water network projects. Accelerate the development of multimodal transport of hot metal and iron. Improve the comprehensive support capacity and service level of hub airports, accelerate the cultivation of regional aviation market, and improve the international air cargo capacity. Accelerate the construction of modern circulation network of "fulcrum city+backbone corridor". Steadily promote the construction of national logistics hub and national backbone cold chain logistics base, strengthen epidemic prevention and control measures in cold chain transportation, and improve the "321" cold chain logistics operation system. Accelerate the integration, innovation and development of logistics manufacturing industry, and actively promote the development of new formats and new models such as multimodal transport and smart logistics. Layout a number of new infrastructure projects, accelerate the construction of 5G, Gigabit optical networks, integrated big data centers, major Beidou industrialization projects, and civil space infrastructure, and promote the intelligent transformation of traditional infrastructure.
(2) Deepen the reform of key areas and key links, and strive to stimulate the endogenous motivation for development. Highlight the enhancement of development momentum, accelerate system construction, promote joint construction and sharing, achieve security and stability, and continue to deepen reform.
First, solidly promote the construction of a high-standard market system. Accelerate the construction of a unified national market, continuously improve the basic systems of the market system such as property rights protection, market access, fair competition and social credit, and do a good job in the comprehensive reform of the market-oriented allocation of factors. Establish and improve the basic data system, accelerate the cultivation of the data element market, and promote the efficient and compliant circulation and use of data elements. We will implement the special measures to relax market access for Shenzhen to build a pilot demonstration zone in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, support the high-level reform and opening-up in Pudong New Area, and build a leading zone for socialist modernization. Adhere to the "two unshakable", protect the property rights and legitimate rights and interests of various market entities according to law, treat them equally, and enhance the vitality of various market entities. We will promote the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of state-owned capital, actively and steadily deepen the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises, and fully complete the three-year reform of state-owned enterprises. Optimize the development environment of private economy, support private enterprises to integrate into and serve the national major strategy, ensure that private enterprises use resource elements equally according to law, participate in competition openly and fairly, and be equally protected by law, timely and pertinently introduce policies to benefit enterprises and help them out, and continue to create a good environment conducive to the growth of entrepreneurs. Create a development ecology in which large enterprises and small, medium and micro enterprises coexist and prosper together, and accelerate the construction of a policy system and a long-term mechanism to support the development of individual industrial and commercial households. Promote the improvement of bidding laws, regulations and rules, fully implement the electronic bidding process, and compile technical standards and data specifications for electronic bidding. Adhere to the public service orientation of the public resource trading platform,Continue to deepen the integration, sharing and functional expansion of trading platforms, and continuously improve the sharing and application level of information resources.
The second is to deepen institutional reform in key areas. Deepen the reform of budget performance management and enhance the binding and transparency of the budget. Promote the reform of the financial system below the provincial level. Promote tax legislation such as value-added tax, consumption tax and customs duties, and steadily promote the reform of consumption tax collection for some backward items. Improve the tax collection and management system and crack down on tax evasion and tax fraud according to law. We will continue to deepen the reform of the capital market and fully implement the stock issuance registration system. We will steadily push forward the reform of monopoly industries, deepen competitive links such as energy, telecommunications and public utilities, and market-oriented reforms such as the railway industry, accelerate the construction of a unified national electricity market, promote the integration of provincial-level pipe networks into the national pipe network in a market-oriented manner, and create a "national network" for oil and gas. We will promote the reform of the on-grid electricity price formation mechanism for gas-fired power generation and nuclear power generation, improve the new energy price formation mechanism for wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation, improve the ladder electricity price policy for high-energy-consuming industries, and complete the reform of transmission and distribution prices in the third regulatory cycle. We will do a solid job in pricing inter-provincial natural gas pipelines, deepen the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices, and improve the charging mechanism for sewage and garbage disposal. Deepen the reform of land management system and enhance the ability to guarantee high-quality development in advantageous areas.
The third is to create a market-oriented and legalized international business environment. Continue to promote the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, and simultaneously implement regulatory responsibilities and measures for cancellation and decentralization of examination and approval. Continue to expand market access. Establish and improve the business environment laws and regulations system, continue to do a good job in the implementation of the Regulations on Optimizing the Business Environment, and establish a collection and notification system for cases that damage the business environment. Standardize and make good use of the business environment evaluation mechanism, and organize business environment evaluation in the country in a timely manner. Explore the formulation of national standards for business environment assessment. We will promote the integrated development of optimizing the business environment in key areas such as the Yangtze River Delta, and replicate and promote typical experiences and innovative practices in optimizing the business environment. Fully implement the list management of administrative licensing items. Strengthen the construction of digital government, promote the sharing of government affairs data, and basically realize the national mutual recognition and interoperability of electronic certificates. Strengthen the government’s regulatory responsibilities, and strictly implement the regulatory responsibilities of industry authorities and relevant departments and the territorial regulatory responsibilities of local governments. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of an all-round, multi-level and three-dimensional supervision system, realize the whole chain and all-field supervision before and after the event, and improve the supervision efficiency. Strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition, and further promote the implementation of fair competition policy.
(3) Adhere to high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and strengthen the supporting role of scientific and technological innovation. In-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, relying on scientific and technological innovation to improve the level of industrial development, and foster new kinetic energy.
First, speed up key core technology research. Implement the ten-year plan for basic research and strengthen long-term stable support. Implement a three-year plan to tackle key problems in the reform of science and technology system. We will improve the key core technology research mechanism, strengthen basic research and applied basic research, speed up the research and development of basic and cutting-edge technologies such as biomedicine, high-end instruments, key information systems, green and low-carbon energy transformation and development, and basic software, support the research and development of large-scale medical equipment and high-end medical consumables, simultaneously promote the formulation and implementation of standards, and smooth the chain of source innovation, achievement transformation and market application. Continue to organize the implementation of major technical equipment research projects. We will promote the reform of scientific research institutes and improve the project establishment and management methods of major scientific and technological projects. Improve the system and mechanism of talent development and increase support for young researchers.
The second is to accelerate the creation of a high-level innovation platform. Strengthen the construction of national laboratories and steadily promote the reorganization of national key laboratories. We will increase efforts to support the construction of international science and technology innovation centers in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, continuously improve the innovation level of comprehensive national science centers, and promote the construction of a number of major national science and technology infrastructure projects with high display, strong driving force and great influence as soon as possible. Highlight the guidance of industrial demand, strengthen the construction of innovation platforms such as industrial innovation centers, engineering research centers, manufacturing innovation centers, and technological innovation centers, increase the supply of industrial common technologies, vigorously develop industrial software, promote the solution of "stuck neck" problems, and support and lead industrial innovation and development.
The third is to promote the vigorous development of strategic emerging industries. In-depth implementation of the strategic emerging industry cluster project, systematically promote the sustainable innovation and development of emerging industries such as biology, new materials, aerospace, marine equipment and new energy. Vigorously promote the development of Beidou navigation industry, promote the healthy and orderly development of photovoltaic industry, and steadily and cautiously promote the development of hydrogen energy industry. Actively look forward to the layout of future industries, and explore the construction and demonstration iteration of future industrial application scenarios.
The fourth is to promote the healthy development of the digital economy. Coordinate and promote the layout of new infrastructure such as 5G networks, artificial intelligence and big data, and plan a number of major infrastructure and application demonstration projects with outstanding driving effects. Cooperate to promote digital industrialization and industrial digitalization, and create new advantages of digital economy. Maintain network security. Improve the rules and regulations, improve the regulatory capacity and level, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the platform economy. Continue to further promote the construction of the national digital economy innovation and development pilot zone and implement the digital transformation pilot. Develop smart cities and digital villages. Promote the construction of the Digital Silk Road. Accelerate the construction of a national integrated big data center system and promote the optimization of computing resources layout.
The fifth is to stimulate market players to innovate and create vitality. Accelerate the construction of an innovation consortium led by leading enterprises, supported by colleges and universities, and coordinated by various innovation subjects. We will strengthen the implementation of the policy of adding and deducting R&D expenses, increase the proportion of adding and deducting R&D expenses for small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises from 75% to 100%, and implement tax incentives for enterprises to invest in basic research. We will improve the financial support system for scientific and technological innovation and continue to strengthen the protection and application of intellectual property rights. Promote full chain services such as intellectual property pledge financing. Encourage and support technology shares. Focus on the safety and stability of the industrial chain supply chain, set up an innovation and entrepreneurship ecological cultivation center, and promote the integration and innovation of large, medium and small enterprises. We will further promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, organize and implement demonstration actions to promote employment through entrepreneurship, support small and medium-sized enterprises to start businesses, and promote the employment of key groups. Run a series of activities of Double Creation Week with high quality, and enhance the service capability of Double Creation Platform. Improve the gradient cultivation system of high-quality small and medium-sized enterprises, stimulate the emergence of a large number of "specialized and innovative" enterprises, and give strong support in terms of funds, talents and incubation platform construction. We will comprehensively promote the solid implementation of science and technology policies and enhance the driving force for scientific and technological innovation. Vigorously promote the comprehensive innovation and reform experiment, and break the institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict innovation and entrepreneurship.
(four) to promote the smooth circulation of industrial chain supply chain, consolidate and expand the foundation of the real economy. Adhere to the focus of economic development on the real economy, and promote the smooth operation and upgrading of the industrial economy.
The first is to ensure the safety and stability of the industrial chain supply chain. Establish and improve the early warning mechanism for emerging problems in the industrial chain supply chain, strengthen risk analysis and judgment, actively respond to unexpected situations, and deal with potential risks in a timely manner. Guide chip manufacturing enterprises to expand production capacity in an orderly manner, stabilize and smooth supply channels at home and abroad, and promote accurate docking of supply chains. Do a good job in the precise supply of high-tech with less demand. Closely track and judge the supply and price operation of some raw materials, and guide the upstream and downstream of the supply chain to stabilize the supply of raw materials and the cooperation between production and marketing. Strengthen the adjustment of bulk commodity reserves and accelerate the construction of national bulk commodity storage and transportation bases. Accelerate the construction of a modern international logistics supply chain system. Focus on key areas such as new energy vehicles and medical equipment, implement the "1+N" industrial chain supply chain penetration project in key areas, and promote the development of industrial chain supply chain penetration.
Second, efforts should be made to revive the industrial economy. We will implement a number of policies to revive the operation of the industrial economy, promote the implementation plan of high-quality industrial development and promote the steady growth of the industrial economy. Increase the pre-tax deduction of equipment and appliances in small and medium-sized enterprises. Promote medium and long-term loans in the manufacturing industry to continue to maintain rapid growth. Do a good job in ensuring the supply and price stability of important raw materials and primary products, strengthen the protection of land use, energy consumption and environmental protection for major projects, and accurately open up the supply chain of the industrial chain. We will increase accurate support for manufacturing enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, release consumption potential in key areas, promote technological transformation of enterprises, foster new formats and new models, and promote stable and far-reaching industrial economy.
The third is to enhance the core competitiveness of manufacturing industry. In-depth implementation of quality power construction and industrial base reconstruction projects to promote high-end, intelligent and green traditional industries. Promote energy conservation, carbon reduction and green transformation in key industries. We will implement special actions for the development of advanced manufacturing clusters, support the national demonstration base of new industrialized industries to improve the level of cluster development, and create the first batch of national manufacturing high-quality development pilot zones. We will continue to run the China Brand Day series, and hold the China Brand Expo and the China International Forum on Brand Development with high quality.
The fourth is to promote industrial optimization and upgrading. Revise the Guiding Catalogue of Industrial Structure Adjustment. Implement China brand new energy vehicle development action. We will start the implementation of energy-saving and carbon-reducing technological transformation projects for enterprises in key areas such as steel, nonferrous metals and building materials, and continue to optimize the layout of the petrochemical industry. Promote the green and high-end development of API industry. We will implement a number of policies to promote the recovery and development of difficult industries in the service industry, continue the policy of adding and deducting value-added tax in the service industry, give rent relief to rented state-owned houses, and implement fiscal and taxation support measures for services such as catering, retail, tourism, highway, waterway and railway transportation, and civil aviation. Accelerate the development of modern service industry, support the carrier construction of manufacturing service industry, do a good job in the pilot project of integrated development of advanced manufacturing industry and modern service industry, and promote the upgrading of life service industry to high quality and diversification.
(five) adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, and implement various measures to revitalize the rural areas. Efforts will be made to ensure food security, push forward the rural revitalization strategy, further consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and continue to promote agricultural and rural modernization.
First, do a good job in the production and supply of grain and important agricultural products. Implement the responsibility of the party and government for food security, strictly implement the main responsibility of local food security, resolutely hold the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, delimit permanent basic farmland, and effectively curb the "non-agricultural" and prevent "non-grain" of cultivated land. Ensure that the annual grain planting area is stable at more than 1.76 billion mu, promote the increase of soybean and oil production, and consolidate the recovery momentum of corn production capacity. Strengthen the transformation of low-and medium-yield farmland, build 100 million mu of high-standard farmland, strengthen the construction management of high-standard farmland, and ensure that the construction task of 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland will be completed by the end of 2022. Build a number of modern irrigation areas according to local conditions, and do our best to prevent floods and droughts. We will improve the cooperative guarantee mechanism for grain production, purchase, storage and marketing, and strengthen supervision over grain quality and safety. Increase the efforts to ensure the supply and price stability of agricultural materials, and give agricultural subsidies to grain farmers again. Appropriately raise the minimum purchase price of rice and wheat. We will further promote the high-quality grain project and promote the high-quality development of the grain industry. Strengthen the construction of food emergency security system. Strengthen the construction of grain receiving and unloading, storage and collection and distribution systems in key areas. In-depth implementation of seed industry revitalization actions, promote the construction of modern seed industry upgrading projects, and accelerate the key core technologies of seed sources. Strengthen agricultural science and technology research and popularization and application, and improve the level of agricultural machinery and equipment. Strengthen the construction of agricultural socialized service system. In-depth implementation of the national black land protection project, increase the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. Stabilize the long-term support policy for pig production, promote the transformation and upgrading of grassland animal husbandry, and improve the supply capacity of livestock products.Do a good job in balancing the total amount of grain, oil, cotton, sugar and chemical fertilizers and regulating the market, and effectively carry out reserve throughput and import regulation.
The second is to comprehensively consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation. We will strengthen the accurate monitoring and timely assistance of people who are prone to return to poverty, and do a good job in post-evaluation of the results of poverty alleviation to ensure that large-scale return to poverty and new poverty will not occur. Increase the follow-up support for ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation, and promote the integration of large-scale relocation and resettlement areas and people resettled in cities into new urbanization. We will continue to vigorously promote the work-for-relief mode in the field of agricultural and rural infrastructure construction, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration. Organize the creation of demonstration cities and production areas for consumer assistance, and improve the long-term mechanism for consumer assistance to help rural revitalization. Efforts will be made to improve the conditions of agricultural infrastructure in poverty-stricken areas, develop high-quality, high-yield and efficient agriculture and agriculture with advantages and characteristics, and enhance the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of agriculture. Support poverty-stricken areas to create a national demonstration park for the integration and development of rural industries. We will increase our support for the key counties in the country’s rural revitalization, and give preferential treatment in planning policies and capital investment. Increase support for the coordinated development of disaster prevention, ecological conservation and rural revitalization in mountainous areas with frequent disasters and difficult conditions.
The third is to implement rural construction actions. Strengthen the management of rural planning and construction, and optimize the ecological space of rural production and life. Promote the integration of urban and rural development, promote the establishment and improvement of employment, education, medical care, pension and other policy systems that integrate urban and rural areas within the county, and promote the integration of county and rural public infrastructure construction, operation, management and protection where conditions permit. Strengthen the construction of rural roads and other infrastructure and public service facilities. Continue to implement rural water supply security and rural power grid consolidation and upgrading projects. In-depth implementation of the five-year action of rural human settlements improvement, overall promotion of rural toilet improvement and domestic sewage treatment, classification and resource utilization of rural domestic garbage, improvement and improvement of village appearance. We will steadily and prudently carry out the pilot reform of rural homestead system, continue to promote the reform of rural collective property rights system, promote the legislation of rural collective economic organizations, and develop and expand the new rural collective economy. Strengthen the construction of rural revitalization talent team. We will steadily promote the entry of rural collective construction land into the market. Continuously improve the rural governance system.
(6) solidly promote regional coordinated development and new urbanization construction, and improve the new mechanism of regional coordinated development. Adhere to the implementation of major regional strategies, regional coordinated development strategies and new urbanization strategies, and accelerate the construction of a power system for high-quality development.
First, in-depth implementation of major regional strategies. We will vigorously promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, build xiong’an new area with high standards and high quality, steadily and orderly promote the landing of the first relief project in xiong’an new area, implement the opinions of supporting the high-quality development of the Beijing City Sub-center, and accelerate the construction of the northern international shipping hub of Tianjin Port. Solidly promote the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, further promote the "4+1" project of pollution control, continue to consolidate the achievements of the resettlement and protection of fishermen who are forbidden to catch and retreat in the Yangtze River, actively build a policy system for realizing the value of ecological products, establish a coordination mechanism for the Yangtze River basin and a water ecological assessment mechanism, improve the comprehensive transportation system, and strive to start construction of high-speed rail along the Yangtze River and vigorously develop multimodal transport. Actively and steadily promote the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, adhere to the "hard connectivity" of infrastructure and "soft connectivity" of rules and mechanisms, and accelerate the process of market integration in Greater Bay Area. Accelerate the high-quality development of Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone and support the reform and opening up of Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone. We will deepen the reform of customs clearance mode, implement policies in the fields of education, medical care, old-age care and transportation, and further facilitate Hong Kong and Macao residents to study, work and live in the mainland of Greater Bay Area. Improve the integrated development level of the Yangtze River Delta, further promote the integrated development of key areas such as infrastructure and public services, steadily promote the construction of key areas such as the Yangtze River Delta Ecological Green Integration Development Demonstration Zone and the Northern Anhui Industrial Transfer Cluster Zone, and promote the deep integration of science and technology industries.Actively and steadily promote the integration of port and shipping resources. Solidly promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin, strictly control the planting area of crops with high water consumption, vigorously promote the modernization of large and medium-sized irrigation areas along the Yellow River, pay close attention to the "3+1" comprehensive control of environmental pollution, accelerate the comprehensive control of soil erosion in the middle reaches, speed up the completion of the shortcomings of urban sewage collection pipe network and treatment facilities, promote the investigation and rectification of environmental risks in tailings ponds, strengthen the construction of channels along the Yellow River, and promote the construction of a pioneering area for ecological protection and high-quality development in Ningxia Yellow River basin.
The second is to improve the level of regional coordinated development. Promote the development of the western region to form a new pattern, and give full play to the advantages of wind, light, hydropower and mineral resources to build a large-scale clean energy base. Actively develop cultural and tourism industries. Implement important ecosystem protection and restoration projects and accelerate the planning and construction of major projects. Promote the construction of a comprehensive experimental zone for big data in Guizhou. Actively and steadily promote major projects such as hydropower development in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Promote a new breakthrough in the revitalization of Northeast China, organize and implement the implementation plan of the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" for the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China, continue to promote the construction of the Sino-Russian international cooperation demonstration zone on Heixiazi Island, actively promote the ecological protection and economic transformation of large and small Xing’ an Mountains forest areas, steadily promote the development of the Chang-Ji-Tu development and opening-up pilot zone, and accelerate the construction of key projects in the "Three-year Rolling Implementation Plan for Key Projects of Northeast Revitalization". Promote the high-quality development of the central region, promote the coordinated high-quality development of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, support the construction of the industrial transfer demonstration zone in the Golden Triangle of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and the Yellow River, support Shanxi to further deepen the comprehensive reform pilot of the energy revolution, promote the coordinated development of the Huaihai Cooperation Zone, support the construction of China (Wuhan) Optical Valley, and work out the planning of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone. Encourage the eastern region to accelerate high-quality development, support the high-quality development of Fujian and the construction of Pingtan comprehensive experimental zone, and promote new progress in the construction of Shandong new and old kinetic energy conversion comprehensive experimental zone. Support ethnic areas to improve production and living conditions, strengthen exchanges and exchanges between ethnic groups, and build a strong sense of the Chinese nation community.Promote the revitalization and development of old revolutionary base areas, border areas, ecologically degraded areas, resource-based areas, old industrial cities and other special types of areas, promote the construction of functional platforms such as national new areas, airport economic demonstration areas and industrial transfer demonstration areas, and promote the high-quality development of national independent innovation demonstration areas and high-tech zones. Support the construction of marine economic development demonstration zones and modern marine cities, and improve the level of development and utilization of marine resources.
The third is to improve the quality of new urbanization. Continue to promote the citizenization of agricultural transfer population, and promote the agricultural transfer population who have a stable employment and life in cities and towns to settle in cities with their families. We will continue to optimize the spatial layout of urbanization, give full play to the radiation-driven role of mega-cities in surrounding cities and counties, and foster the formation of a modern metropolitan area. We will continue to promote the construction of the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu and Chongqing, and issue the "14 th Five-Year Plan" to promote the development of urban agglomerations such as the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Beibu Gulf. Promote the urbanization construction with the county as an important carrier, strengthen the infrastructure construction of the county, enhance the comprehensive carrying capacity, and improve the public facilities system. Improve the list management mechanism of characteristic towns, and make overall plans to strengthen typical guidance and standardize rectification.
(7) Expand high-level opening-up and promote the steady development of foreign investment and foreign trade. We will build a new open economic system at a higher level, adhere to the combination of internal opening and external opening, comprehensively improve the level of open platforms, and cultivate new advantages in international cooperation and competition.
First, take multiple measures to stabilize foreign trade. Increase accurate assistance to small and medium-sized micro-foreign trade enterprises. Vigorously develop new foreign trade formats and new models such as cross-border e-commerce and market procurement. Establish and improve the overseas warehouse standard system, and constantly improve the overseas warehouse network covering the whole world. We will expand the import of advanced technologies, important equipment, key components, energy resources products and agricultural products in short supply as appropriate, increase the promotion of China brands overseas, and support the export of products with high technology, high quality and high added value. Promote the innovative development of digital trade. Implement import tax and export tax rebate policies. Support the inland open experimental area to improve energy level. Build a national service trade innovation and development demonstration zone and a digital trade demonstration zone. Building a national cultural export base with high quality. We will promote the implementation of the negative list of cross-border service trade in the Pilot Free Trade Zone and the whole country, and promote institutional opening by docking international high standards in the Pilot Free Trade Zone and Hainan Free Trade Port.
The second is to improve the level of foreign capital utilization. Opinions on building a new open economic system at a higher level and promoting the construction of a new development pattern were issued and implemented. We will implement the new version of the negative list of foreign investment access, revise and expand the Catalogue of Industries Encouraging Foreign Investment, and guide more foreign investment in advanced manufacturing, high-tech and other industries, as well as the central and western regions and northeast regions. We will implement the national treatment for foreign-funded enterprises and accelerate the landing of major foreign-funded projects. Add a comprehensive pilot project to expand the opening up of service industry. We will optimize the classified management of foreign debts of enterprises, improve the regulation and control of foreign debts of real estate, local financing platforms and low-credit enterprises, and continue to guard against foreign debt risks.
The third is to improve the efficiency of overseas investment. Continue to promote cooperation in major overseas projects and explore new ways of cooperation in production capacity and investment. Optimize the layout of overseas investment and deepen bilateral and third-party market cooperation. Guide financial institutions to serve key areas and projects. In-depth implementation of a series of measures to improve the quality, efficiency and risk prevention of overseas investment, improve the level of overseas investment of key entities, standardize the overseas business behavior of enterprises, and support industry associations and chambers of commerce to establish a self-discipline mechanism for overseas investment.
The fourth is to promote the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road". Solidly promote infrastructure interconnection, strengthen cooperation in major projects, and pay attention to risk prevention and control of overseas projects. We will further promote local participation in the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road" and promote the construction of the core areas of the "Belt and Road" in Xinjiang and Fujian. Promote the accelerated development of "Silk Road Shipping" and "Ice and Snow Silk Road". Strengthen the capacity building of China-Europe train channels, hub nodes and ports. Improve the "Belt and Road" risk prevention and control and security system. We will steadily carry out cooperation in the fields of health, green, digital and innovation, and promote the green and low-carbon transformation and development of overseas "two high" projects such as coal and electricity.
The fifth is to promote the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port. Accelerate the infrastructure planning and construction of ports and comprehensive law enforcement points, and create conditions for the island’s customs clearance operation. Support infrastructure construction such as ports and road networks. Vigorously develop the export-oriented economy, constantly consolidate major platforms and industrial development foundations, focus on key policies, and rely on key projects to explore trade and investment liberalization and facilitation rules with greater efforts. Further strengthen the prevention and control of major risks, increase the intensity of high-level stress testing, and establish and improve the joint prevention and control mechanism for risk early warning, judgment and disposal.
The sixth is to promote multi-bilateral economic and trade cooperation. Firmly safeguard the multilateral trading system and actively participate in the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Implement the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) with high quality, and actively promote the accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (CPTPP) and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA). Promote the signing of high-standard free trade agreements with more countries and regions and strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation. Promote the implementation of global development initiatives and promote international development cooperation. Actively participate in multilateral mechanisms such as the United Nations, the Group of Twenty (G20), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and BRICS countries.
(8) Deepen the construction of ecological civilization and solidly promote green and low-carbon development. Establish and improve a green and low-carbon circular development economic system, promote the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and promote the continuous improvement of the ecological environment and resource utilization efficiency.
First, accelerate the green transformation of the economy. Improve the green technology innovation system and build a national green technology trading center. Build a green industry demonstration base, revise the green industry guidance catalogue, and vigorously develop energy-saving and environmental protection industries. Implement the "14th Five-Year Plan" for cleaner production and carry out cleaner production transformation in key industries. Improve the standard system and evaluation mechanism of green finance, give play to the role of national industrial integration as a platform, and guide financial resources to converge in the field of industrial green and low carbon. Deepen the reform of the legal disclosure system of environmental information, and promote the environmental credit evaluation of enterprises and institutions. We will continue to implement national water-saving actions, carry out leakage control projects for urban public water supply networks, promote the construction of sewage collection networks in old cities, urban-rural junctions, counties and towns, strengthen the economical and intensive use of water resources in key areas and basins such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yellow River Basin and Northwest China, and build a demonstration city for seawater desalination. Do a good job in saving and reducing food in the whole chain. We will promote the construction of a recycling system for waste materials and a pilot project for the large-scale application of recyclable express packaging, organize the construction of demonstration bases for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid wastes and the cultivation of key enterprises, and promote the classified utilization and centralized disposal of urban wastes such as waste steel, waste nonferrous metals, waste motor vehicles, waste household appliances, waste plastics and kitchen waste.
Second, actively and steadily promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. Improve the "1+N" policy system of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, implement the "peak carbon dioxide emissions Ten Actions" and adhere to the "national chess game". Vigorously develop non-fossil energy, build large-scale wind power and photovoltaic base projects, actively develop distributed new energy, actively promote the cluster development of offshore wind power, steadily promote the construction of large hydropower bases in southwest China and other places, vigorously develop pumped storage, actively and orderly develop nuclear power under the premise of ensuring absolute safety, and promote clean and efficient use of coal. Improve the absorptive capacity of the power grid for renewable energy generation. Do a good job in the management of the second performance cycle of the national carbon emission trading market. Implement energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformation and upgrading. Actively research and develop carbon capture, utilization and storage technology. Optimize and improve the policy of dual control of energy consumption, reasonably increase the flexibility of total energy consumption, and add renewable energy and raw material energy without being included in the total energy consumption control, so as to promote the transformation from "dual control" of energy consumption to "dual control" of total carbon emission and intensity. Comprehensively strengthen energy and resource conservation, strengthen industrial, transportation and building energy conservation, and continuously reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions per unit output. Benchmark the benchmark level of energy efficiency, promote enterprises in key industries with energy efficiency lower than the benchmark level, implement transformation and upgrading in an orderly manner, and promote the high-quality development of high-energy-consuming industries. We will continue to do a good job in international negotiations and cooperation on carbon neutrality and climate change in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and actively participate in the construction of a global green governance system.Strengthen green trade, technology and financial cooperation.
The third is to fight the battle against pollution in depth. Strengthen the coordinated control of PM2.5 and ozone, and strengthen the coordinated control of multiple pollutants and regional coordinated governance. In-depth treatment of urban and rural black and odorous water bodies, continue to carry out investigation and rectification of sewage outlets entering rivers and seas, and strengthen pollution prevention and control in key sea areas. Continue to promote the prevention and control of soil and groundwater pollution. We will steadily promote the construction of a "waste-free city", promote the classification, reduction and recycling of domestic garbage according to local conditions, and continue to do a good job in the whole chain control of plastic pollution. We will build a demonstration city for sewage resource utilization and build an energy-saving and low-carbon benchmark sewage treatment plant.
The fourth is to continue to strengthen ecosystem governance. Adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, lakes, grass and sand, implement major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, and protect biodiversity. We will continue to carry out large-scale land greening operations, strengthen the construction of nature reserves system with national parks as the main body, and continue to deepen the protection of public welfare. We will further promote the construction of the National Ecological Civilization Experimental Zone and replicate and promote the experiences of Fujian, Jiangxi, Guizhou and Hainan. Study and promulgate the Regulations on Compensation for Ecological Protection, accelerate the establishment and improvement of the value realization mechanism of ecological products, and explore the establishment of the value realization mechanism of agricultural and forestry carbon sink products.
(9) Effectively prevent and resolve risks in key areas and earnestly safeguard economic security. Coordinate development and safety, continuously strengthen risk early warning, prevention and control mechanisms and capacity building, and keep the bottom line of no systemic risks.
First, strengthen risk prevention and control in the financial sector. Continue to promote the prevention and resolution of hidden debt risks of local governments, and resolutely curb the increase of hidden debt. Properly dispose of high-risk financial institutions in some places, set up financial stability guarantee funds, and use marketization and rule of law to resolve potential risks. Steady and orderly release of bond market risks. Accelerate the disposal of non-performing loans. Properly deal with the spillover risk of monetary policy shift in major economies. Give full play to the positive role of capital as a factor of production, at the same time effectively control its negative role, set up "traffic lights" for capital expansion, support and guide the standardized and healthy development of capital, strengthen effective supervision of capital according to law, and prevent disorderly expansion and barbaric growth of capital.
The second is to improve the ability of energy resources security. Further promote the construction of coal, electricity, oil and gas production, supply, storage and sales system. We will promote the construction of major oil storage projects and accelerate the construction of new underground gas storage in North China and Northwest China. Orderly increase a batch of advanced coal production capacity and accelerate the improvement of coal reserve capacity. Strengthen the construction of peak-shaving power sources such as pumped storage, continue to play the role of traditional energy sources, especially coal and coal-fired power, and actively promote the transformation and upgrading of existing coal-fired power projects. Promote the construction of major hydropower projects such as Baihetan and Yangqu. Intensify efforts to plan and build a new energy supply and consumption system based on large-scale wind and light power bases, supported by clean, efficient, advanced and energy-saving coal-fired power around them, and carried by stable, safe and reliable UHV transmission and transformation lines. Accelerate the construction of national reserves and improve a unified strategic and emergency material reserve system.
The third is to promote the steady development of the real estate market. Adhere to the positioning that houses are used for living, not for speculation, and do a good job in real estate regulation and control because of the city’s policy, stabilize land prices, stabilize housing prices, and stabilize expectations. Solidly promote the risk disposal of high-risk real estate enterprises. Accelerate the development of long-term rental housing market, promote the construction of affordable rental housing in big cities with net population inflow, increase the support of housing provident fund for rental housing, and focus on solving the housing difficulties of new citizens, young people and other groups. Expand flexible employees to participate in the pilot housing provident fund system. We will implement differentiated housing credit policies and support the commercial housing market to better meet the reasonable housing needs of buyers.
(ten) around the practical protection and improvement of people’s livelihood, do a solid job in people’s livelihood. Correctly understand and grasp the main goals and practical ways to achieve common prosperity, persist in doing our best and do what we can, constantly improve the level of public services, and focus on solving people’s livelihood issues that the people are generally concerned about.
The first is to strengthen the employment priority orientation. Accelerate the implementation of the key tasks of the 14 th Five-Year Plan for Employment Promotion. Guide all localities to increase their support for the construction of entrepreneurial parks in rural areas. Promote the reserve, construction and operation of public training base projects, promote the co-construction and sharing of county public vocational skills training resources, and promote the combination of high-quality production and training.
The second is to exert the function and role of distribution. We will improve the reasonable wage growth mechanism, guide local governments to rationally adjust the minimum wage standard, broaden the channels for urban and rural residents to increase their income, and fully implement the salary and treatment of compulsory education teachers. We will improve the mechanism in which the remuneration of various factors of production is determined by the market, and improve the redistribution mechanism. Take multiple measures to increase farmers’ income and manage the problem of wage arrears for migrant workers according to law.
The third is to improve the social security system. We will steadily implement the national overall planning system for basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, appropriately raise the basic pension standards for retirees and urban and rural residents, and ensure timely and full payment. The per capita financial subsidy standards for residents’ medical insurance and basic public health service funds will be raised in 30 yuan and 5 yuan respectively, and the provincial-level overall planning of basic medical insurance will be promoted. Further expand the scope of purchasing drugs and high-value medical consumables, improve the medical insurance and assistance system for major diseases, and optimize the convenience service in the medical insurance field. We will promote the overall planning of unemployment insurance at the provincial level and unify the payment methods for migrant workers and urban workers. Improve the security system for retired military personnel. In-depth development of the new employment form of employment occupational injury protection pilot. We will improve the hierarchical and classified social assistance system, establish and improve the active discovery mechanism of social assistance, and strengthen the dynamic monitoring of low-income population and the construction of a normalized assistance mechanism. We will strengthen the basic living security for people in need and improve the minimum living security system. We will safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women and children and improve social welfare systems for the disabled and orphans.
The fourth is to improve the public service policy system. Classification promotes the equalization of basic public services, promotes the service focus to sink to the grassroots level, and increases the supply of inclusive non-basic public services. Support social forces to increase the supply of inclusive nursery services, further improve the pre-school education charging policy, promote the expansion and efficiency of inclusive pre-school education resources, and promote the construction of child-friendly cities. Promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education and the integration of urban and rural areas, improve the ability of rural schools to run schools, and increase urban education resources according to the size of permanent residents. Continue to do a good job in reducing the burden in compulsory education. Strengthen the construction of ordinary high schools in counties. Improve the conditions for running vocational education. Promote the construction of "double first-class" colleges and universities, accelerate the construction of disciplines and specialties, personnel training and scientific and technological research in key areas of economic and social development, and improve policies and measures for the integration of production and education. Support the development of higher education in the central and western regions, and continue to increase the enrollment of colleges and universities in the central and western regions and rural areas. Strengthen the construction of teachers and increase the training of teachers in the central and western regions. Run special education and continuing education well, and standardize the development of private education. We will improve the supporting measures for the three-child birth policy, include the care expenses for infants under the age of three into the special additional deduction for personal income tax, and promote the effectiveness of the birth support policy. We will implement the national strategy of actively responding to the aging population, strengthen the construction of the old-age care service system and health support system, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly. Promote the high-quality development of public hospitals, speed up the improvement of modern hospital management system,We will further promote the construction of national medical centers, national regional medical centers and county-level hospitals, accelerate the improvement of the graded diagnosis and treatment system, and deepen the reform of medical service prices, medical insurance payment management and salary system in public hospitals. Fill in the shortcomings of maternal and child pediatrics, mental health, geriatrics and other services. Continue to carry out the patriotic health campaign, promote the implementation of the Healthy China Action, and advocate a civilized, healthy and green lifestyle. We will implement projects such as the construction of a modern disease control system and the construction of a national major infectious disease prevention and control base to improve the ability of public health prevention and treatment. Accelerate the development of traditional Chinese medicine characteristics. Promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture, promote the high-quality development of publishing, film, radio and television, cultural relics and other undertakings, promote the digital construction of public culture, and provide more public cultural products. Strengthen the construction of major national cultural projects and national cultural parks, strengthen the construction of important cultural heritage and important natural heritage protection facilities such as national parks, comprehensively improve the level of protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics, and promote the upgrading and upgrading of public cultural services. Accelerate the development of national tourism and leisure, and constantly improve the holiday system. We will implement the short-board project of national fitness facilities and strengthen the construction of national fitness venues and facilities such as sports parks. Deepen the construction of public legal service system.
At the same time, we will continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of normalized epidemics, adhere to external defense input and internal defense rebound, continuously optimize and improve prevention and control measures, and scientifically, accurately and efficiently handle local outbreaks. First, actively do a good job in vaccination and drug research and development. Accelerate the research and development of vaccines in Covid-19, scientifically organize the sequential immunization research of vaccines with different technical routes, further improve the coverage of people who are vaccinated with vaccines, further accelerate the domestic research and development of drugs in Covid-19 according to the needs of epidemic prevention and control, and make overall plans for production, storage and quality supervision. The second is to strengthen external defense input measures. Strengthen the capacity building of port epidemic prevention and control, strictly implement measures related to civil air defense, physical defense and technical defense, and strengthen epidemic prevention and control at ports and centralized isolation points. Do a good job in the inspection and disinfection of imported goods, especially cold chain products in relevant countries and regions. Close-loop management should be effectively implemented for personnel in high-risk positions, and a centralized supervision system for imported frozen products should be established and improved. The third is to improve and optimize the epidemic prevention and control system. Strengthen the traceability of epidemic situation, nucleic acid screening, isolation and control, and prevention and control of key places, and strive to prevent and control the epidemic situation during holidays and other periods of increased personnel flow to avoid cluster infection. Improve the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control work plan in rural areas and strengthen the prevention and control of hospital infection. Continue to strengthen the prevention and disposal of sporadic cases and aggregated epidemics, and minimize the impact on people’s production and life. Fourth, continue to promote international cooperation in epidemic prevention and control. Accelerate joint research on diagnosis and treatment technology, and carry out in-depth international cooperation in research, development, testing and application of vaccines and drugs. Carry out vaccine assistance and anti-epidemic material assistance as far as possible. Strengthen cross-border trade cooperation and ensure the smooth trade of vaccines and raw materials.Support the World Trade Organization to make an early decision on vaccine intellectual property exemption and encourage vaccine enterprises to transfer technology to developing countries.
Comprehensively, accurately and unswervingly implement the principles of "one country, two systems", "Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong" and "Macao people ruling Macao" and a high degree of autonomy, and safeguard national sovereignty, security, development interests and the overall social stability of the Special Administrative Region. Support Hong Kong and Macao to develop their economies, improve people’s livelihood, better integrate into the overall situation of national development, build an international innovation and technology center, create a platform for jointly building the "Belt and Road" function, realize diversified and sustainable economic development, and improve policies and measures to facilitate the development of Hong Kong and Macao residents in the Mainland. We will thoroughly implement the Party’s general plan for solving the Taiwan Province issue in the new era, adhere to the one-China principle and the "1992 Consensus", resolutely oppose the "Taiwan independence" separatist acts, resolutely oppose the interference of external forces, promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and the reunification of the motherland, improve the system and policies for ensuring the well-being of Taiwan Province compatriots and enjoying equal treatment on the mainland, strengthen cross-strait industrial cooperation, build a cross-strait common market, strengthen the Chinese national economy, and jointly promote Chinese culture.
The task of economic and social development in 2022 is heavy and of great significance. We should unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, carry forward the great party-building spirit under the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two safeguards", consciously accept the supervision of the National People’s Congress and listen carefully to Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference’s opinions and suggestions in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. Overcome difficulties, forge ahead, strive to complete the annual goals and tasks, greet the party’s twentieth victory with practical actions, and make unremitting efforts to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!
