Special feature of 1905 film network Last week, Yao Di, who had a hard time coming back after a year’s silence, was reported as "Little Three Doors", which really made Xiaobian pinch a cold sweat for her! Fortunately, wei li, the leading actor, came out to defend Yao Di’s sword. With a posture of "I am just chasing her", people’s attention was focused on Yang Ziqing, the whistleblower. However, wei li said: She is not my ex-girlfriend at all. She poured cold water on Yang Ziqing, so she had to end up with a sentence "I’m just a bitch you played with". A war that was supposed to be torn to an abrupt end, and Yang Ziqing seemed a little unwilling. This Monday, it was revealed that this time, the hero became a married Tao Zhe, and even the most explicit chat records were made public. It can be seen that Yang Ziqing was "serious", but it was a pity that he lost the game.

　

　 　 As soon as this incident came out, Tao Zhe didn’t be a coward, and immediately issued a statement, acknowledging Yang Ziqing’s identity as an "ex-girlfriend" (still much better than Li Weiqiang, at least giving him a birthright), and telling the world: "Tell me, my wife knows anyway" frankly faced the accusation of being derailed, and even her mother-in-law came out to speak for Tao Zhe. This marriage defense seems to be very sure.

　

　 　 But nothing can stand close scrutiny. When the love affair between Tao Zhe and Jiang Hengrong was exposed, it was photographed in a recording of their love on WeChat in May 2014. However, Yang Ziqing’s exposed chat records clearly mentioned that "you are already someone else’s husband" and "you are getting married soon" and more large-scale conversations at least proved that it happened at similar times. However, knowing that Tao Zhe was about to get married, Tao Zhe kept seducing each other. Miss Yang also knew that she was doomed, but forced out the dialogue that "getting married is my mother’s will, in fact, I love you". At first glance, Miss Yang seems to be satisfied. However, the existence of this sentence may be an obstacle to the marriage crisis between Tao Zhe and Jiang Hengrong.

　

In addition to taking selfies, Weibo of Yang Ziqing takes selfies.

Unscrupulous comments from netizens

Yang Ziqing: The upper position is not turned into a tool for everyone to spy on privacy

　 　 If you think about the whole story, if it weren’t for wei li’s urgent stand up to protect Yao Di, maybe Tao Zhe’s story wouldn’t have exploded so early. The aura of stars always makes people dizzy. When the love affair between wei li and Yao Di came out, Yang Ziqing quickly followed the rhythm, and the exposed photos all revealed a strong caution. Unfortunately, wei li’s reputation was not big enough, and Yang Ziqing was drowned in the ocean of entertainment news without saying "ex-girlfriend". I’m afraid it’s too different from what I expected. Yang Ziqing finally "zoomed in", and all the open chats were naked. In the exposed chats, Tao Zhe claimed that he would go to Chengdu with his fiancee, and he had to make a separate appointment with Yang Ziqing to "check in". It is estimated that on August 31, 2014, Tao Zhe and Jiang Yurong held a wedding, so this conversation was just before August 31, from May to August. And Yang Ziqing also said in an interview later that Tao Zhe has been making appointments with himself to open a room since she got married. A series of stories seem to have been dumped, abandoned, or played with, trying to win everyone’s sympathy, but they are all full of abuse and contempt.

　

　 　 Li Bihua said, "When a happy party shows love, there must be one party licking the wound in the dark." Yang Ziqing is still too weak. Go and see her Weibo. Besides taking selfies or taking selfies, the words are not nutritious at all. On the surface, it looks really a few blocks away from Jiang Hengrong. In addition, Yang Ziqing also participated in the blind date program, in which the narcissism and pleading confession of a male guest were rejected, which once again challenged the bottom line of netizens. And 22-year-old Yang Ziqing, also too don’t understand the world, naive a little let a person feel poor. An ignorant little girl may be bound to lose when she hits an old hand in love. How can a defender of marriage allow such a little girl to get the upper hand? Jiang Hengrong immediately replaced Weibo’s head with a photo with Tao Zhe to save the marriage silently.

　 　 Because marriage is a fortress and a woven net with strong self-protection ability, it doesn’t allow outsiders to wantonly destroy it, especially a woman who only challenges her emotions with her bare hands. Even if there are more contradictions and compromises in this marriage, it doesn’t allow others to make decisions, and the attacks of online public opinion on women are often the most severe. Ma Yili and articles coexist peacefully, regardless of whether there are scars inside or not, at least the attitude towards the outside world is consistent. The quotation of supplementary marriage proposal ends with the rhetoric of "reliable, unreliable", and Yao Di can only hide in the dark and lick his wounds. The unforgettable experience was just an "unreliable" trip. You have carefully preserved the evidence from a year ago. It seems that you got the opportunity to be interviewed and the possibility of being noticed just for the arrival of this day. But looking at all Weibo’s comments, you will know that you finally only satisfied the desire of others to spy on the privacy of stars, which is so sad.

A girlfriend personally testified that Tao Zhe had two feet at one foot.

Tao Zhe: A gifted scholar should not be so romantic.　

　 　 Some netizens broke the news that Tao Zhe and Yang Ziqing met at a concert celebration dinner, and then fell in love, while Tao Zhe’s father Tao Dawei died in 2012, when Tao Zhe thanked his girlfriend Jiang Rongrong for her constant company. And this evidence really can’t hide the fact that Tao Zhe has two feet on both sides. At that time, Yang Ziqing was only a 17-year-old girl, while Tao Zhe was 40 years old.

　

　 　 Tao Zhe may not be so bad. At least he didn’t completely vilify Yang Ziqing in order to save himself, but just started the instinct of self-protection, saying "my wife knows everything" as an explanation, but he didn’t consider the embarrassment of being a wife. As soon as this incident comes out, Tao Zhe’s reputation as a "playboy" will probably be smashed again. That touching Melody was sung to Yin Yue, the only ex-girlfriend he ever admitted, but after breaking up with Yin Yue, he quickly hooked up with Joanna, cheated on Bai Xinhui, fell in love with Cen Jieyi, and went out to the hotel with Jian Baoshan. Every time, the media caught him red-handed, and Cen Jieyi even admitted that Tao Zhe had a foot in two boats when he was with him.

　

　 　 The so-called "art comes from life", Tao Zhe’s talent is called the godfather of music in the pop music world. Southern People Weekly commented on him like this: BiBi Zhou is his fan, and Wang Leehom asked him for R&B’s singing skills. Jay Chou, who has always been confident, also candidly admitted that "his skill is better than mine", Tayu Lo often talked about him "appreciating his musical attitude", and Jonathan Lee, the "big brother of the industry", bluntly commented that "he should". Although the love songs written by Tao Zhe are not high-yield, they are quite popular. "I can’t forget, I can’t forget your mistakes, I can’t forget your goodness, I can’t forget the walk in the rain, and I can’t forget the hug in the wind." "I want to bid farewell to the past. When the seasons keep changing, I am still less determined. In this lonely season." How many stories are behind these lyrics that are directed at people’s hearts? How many of those lonely feelings have made their own chips in love?

　

　 　 If you use "flower heart" to shape your own work and make it the source of your own creation, then these women will eventually become passers-by, which is probably too sad and sad. Wits are admired, but they really shouldn’t be so romantic. Now that you are a husband, marriage is like entering a besieged city. You are no longer allowed to provoke feelings at will. Why not say goodbye to the past completely and keep the promise made at the wedding: "We will grow old together, This is my only love of life."

　 　　

　 　 For Yang Ziqing, it’s actually the saddest role in the whole play. Sometimes it’s really worthless if you want to be famous and superior by sacrificing yourself. Such an action of exposing photos didn’t get sympathy or support, but only let more people know that you were slept with two men, wei li and Tao Zhe. At a young age, you should at least learn how to create your own image and openly challenge marriage. There is no chance of winning. Even if Tao Zhe and Jiang Hengrong have their own abacus, at least for now, they will be consistent with each other and support their own people.

@ Nu Nu Pig 2011

Recently, some netizens broke the news that a river in Nancun, Wutian Street, ouhai district, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province was milky green. Subsequently, ouhai district Environmental Protection Bureau intervened in the investigation and found that the situation reflected by netizens was true. The source of pollution was Wenzhou Ouhai Wutian Xinlong Adhesive Products Processing Factory. The local environmental protection department law enforcement officers seized the enterprise on the spot, and the public security department detained the relevant parties.

@ Nu Nu Pig 2011

On March 16th, a person in charge of ouhai district Environmental Protection Bureau, surnamed Xiang, told The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) that the polluting enterprises involved had no environmental approval procedures. He said that at present, the polluted river has returned to normal, and the river is not a drinking water source. The bureau has jointly launched an incident responsibility investigation with the public security department, and will impose administrative penalties on the enterprises that caused the accident and investigate the environmental pollution compensation liability of the accident units according to law.

@ Nu Nu Pig 2011

At 9: 26 am on March 14, some netizens broke the news: "The effect of river regulation ~ milky green ~ a few days ago there was tan ~ the good effect of river regulation ~ sewage enterprises?" Where is your conscience? ~ A river course in Nancun, Wutian Street, ouhai district ~ "with pictures attached. The picture shows that in a small river passing through a residential area, a river full of water is milky green. The Weibo attracted attention after being forwarded by netizens.

At 11: 22 a.m. on the 14th, the official Weibo of ouhai district Environmental Protection Bureau of Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province released a message saying: On March 14th, the people received a report from Wubai Environmental Protection Bureau of Ouhai Environmental Protection Bureau, reflecting the river pollution in Wutian Nancun. After investigation, it was found that the tape cutting factory located in Ping ‘an Road, Nancun was the source of the accident. Law enforcement officers forced the factory to stop production and seal it up, and the public security department detained the relevant parties. At present, sewage outfalls has been blocked, and measures are being taken to control and reduce river pollution.

At 10: 18 a.m. on the 16th, "Ecological Ouhai" issued the "Continued Report on the Pollution of the River in Wutian Nancun" (hereinafter referred to as the circular). According to the report, after emergency investigation, it was found that Wenzhou Ouhai Wutian Xinlong Adhesive Products Processing Factory, located in Nancun, Wutian Street, was the source of the accident. When law enforcement officers arrived at the scene, the milky white liquid in the workshop was being discharged through the drainage ditch and flowed to the downstream river.

After investigation, the processing plant was put into operation in August 2014. On the morning of March 14th, workers found that the pipeline conveying the glue stock solution was damaged, and the milky white glue stock solution leaked to the workshop floor, and then it was washed by tap water without authorization, resulting in the glue stock solution passing through the workshop drainage ditch and flowing into the river to cause pollution.

According to the monitoring data provided by the environmental protection department,The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of wastewater from the workshop wastewater discharge outlet exceeded the standard, and the chemical oxygen demand of water quality in the drainage ditch outside the factory exceeded the standard.In addition to the high chemical oxygen demand, the water quality of river water tends to be normal, such as PH value, ammonia nitrogen and chromaticity.

"The concentration of this pollutant is very high, and a small amount of emissions will also cause a wide range of pollution." On-site law enforcement officers of ouhai district Environmental Protection Bureau introduced to Wenzhou Daily.

According to the aforementioned circular, after the accident, ouhai district Environmental Protection Bureau assessed the river pollution, and determined that about 200 meters of Nancun River was polluted. The bureau contacted the environmental management unit and took measures such as ecological interception and ecological restoration to control and reduce the river pollution.

According to Wenzhou. com’s report on July 10th, 2012, in Linqiao Village, Quxi Street, ouhai district, a large amount of latex leaked into Quxi River due to an operation accident, which turned Quxi River into a "milk river" overnight, and the polluted water area was 2 kilometers long.

　　Figure ①: Schematic diagram of the layout of quadrangles in Hekou Village.

　　Wu kuijun’s drawing

　　Figure ②: An exquisite brick sculpture in Hekou Village.

　　Photo by Yang Jintao (People’s Vision)

　　Figure ③: Schematic diagram of Hekou ancient town.

　　Photo courtesy of Gansu Xirong Cultural Tourism Development Co., Ltd.

　　Figure ④: Villagers in Hekou Village take a nap and chat in front of the door.

　　Photo by Xu Yingqiang (People’s Vision)

　　Figure ⑤: Bell and Drum Tower Sleeping Bridge in Hekou Village.

　　Photo by Yang Jintao (People’s Vision)

　　Figure ⑥: Hekou Village "Golden Shore of Shili Yellow River".

　　Photo by Yang Jintao (People’s Vision)

　　Hekou Village, Xigu District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province is located at the intersection of Zhuanglang River and Yellow River, a tributary of the Yellow River. Thanks to its superior geographical location, it was once an important ferry in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, with developed water transport and merchants gathering.

　　Hekou village has a regular layout and heavy accumulation. The quadrangle with "three halls, five mansions and three inverted seats, with two small rooms in the wing" embodies the regional characteristics of the northwest residential buildings, and the complicated and exquisite brick and wood carvings are impressive. Nowadays, the historical and cultural blocks restored with Hekou Village as the core not only provide poetic habitation for tourists, but also revitalize the ancient villages. Hekou Village was selected into the first list of traditional Chinese villages in 2012.

　　Starting from the center of Lanzhou, across the Hekou Bridge, the mountains are getting higher and the water is getting wider, and an ancient folk house hidden between mountains and rivers is Hekou Village. Overlooking from a height, the Lotus Mountain surrounding the village is undulating. In the distance, the colorful Danxia scenic spot is set off like an oil painting by the blue sky; Nearby, the rushing Yellow River water came from Bapan Gorge across the mountains and mountains, and went eastward along the river in the south of the village.

　　Thanks to its superior geographical location, Hekou Village was once an important ferry in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, with developed water transport and merchants gathering.

　　Time flies, things change. Estuary has already weakened the function of "ferry" and ushered in a new identity — — Hekou ancient town, which is a historical and cultural block restored with Hekou village as the core. Here, people can not only watch the Ming and Qing architecture with rich regional characteristics, but also stroll along the banks of the Yellow River, read the history of the ancient ferry, and enjoy the quiet, leisurely and desirable poetic dwelling.

　　Four streets and seventeen lanes have a long charm.

　　An area of Hekou Village, about 1000 meters long and nearly 500 meters wide, includes the main traditional buildings in the village. Although the area is small, the planning is extremely neat: four main streets in the southeast and northwest are centered on the Bell and Drum Tower and extend in different directions; On the four main streets, there are also 17 lanes with different lengths. This area was named "Four Streets and Seventeen Alleys".

　　The bell and drum tower, the center of "Four Streets and Seventeen Alleys", faces east and west, and is divided into upper and lower floors. It is an attic building with four corners and a roof. Standing on the bell and drum tower, you can see the whole Hekou village from all directions. The houses with wooden doorways stand opposite each other, the streets paved with bluestone slabs meander and stretch, the gauze lanterns hanging on the streets sway with the wind, and groups of tourists stroll in the streets.

　　Facing the Yellow River, backed by mountains, controlling Hexi … … The superior geographical location has made Hekou village a transportation hub very early. For more than 2,000 years, there have been estuaries in the history of Huo Qubing’s Western Expedition and Zuo Zongtang’s Pacification of Northwest China. Talking about the origin of the estuary, the old people in the village can be summarized as "originated from the Han Dynasty, developed in the Ming Dynasty and prospered in the Qing Dynasty". By the beginning of the last century, the agriculture, handicraft industry and transportation industry in Hekou were quite large, and it became a major business town in Lanzhou.

　　With the prosperity of commerce and trade, the face of Hekou village has also changed. Since the mid-Qing Dynasty, Hekou has built a large-scale rammed earth city and built a four-door tower.

　　Nowadays, walking in the village seems to be a shuttle in history: 300 years of grain shops, 200 years of ancestral temples and more than 100 years of Zuo Gongliu pass by in turn; It seems to be relaxing in the garden: every household in Hekou village plants flowers and grass in front of and behind the house, and even in autumn, it is still fragrant and green; It’s also like wandering in the flavor market: attractive specialty snacks are sold on the street, with sweet and sour gluten on the pulp surface, potato balls that have been beaten for thousands of times, and oil jugs with flax fragrance … … "When it comes to holidays, shop owners are as busy as a bee." Zhang Wei, deputy director of the property office of Hekou Grand Scenic Area, said.

　　Old houses in Ming and Qing Dynasties are antique and fragrant.

　　The excitement in Hekou village usually happens after 3 pm. Villagers who have taken a nap have left their homes, and old people gather in the square, or play chess or chat; Children hold toys and play with each other. Foreigners who come here often choose to pedal a four-wheeled sightseeing bus to start a "shopping" trip.

　　The main street of Hekou Village is dominated by old-fashioned shops, and the shops along the street are mostly in the pattern of front shops and back houses. The typical style of the back house is quadrangle.

　　Pushing the door into a family, Zhang Mingyou, the head of the household, greeted him warmly. The quadrangle in front of us covers an area of more than 500 square meters and has a history of nearly 200 years. It has lived in the Zhang family for 13 generations.

　　In the north is the upper house, which is inhabited by elders, also called the main room or the main room; On both sides of the main room are the wing rooms, which are used for cooking and stacking sundries; The east and west sides are wing rooms, which are inhabited by the younger generation; To the south is the lower hall, which is a three-room eaves house; Open a street gate next to the next hall as the exit of the courtyard. Wu Kuijun, a technician of Gansu Classical Construction Group Co., Ltd., introduced that the local layout of this courtyard was summarized as "three halls, five buildings and three inverted seats, with two small rooms in the wing". "Here ‘ Three ’ ‘ V ’ All refer to the number of rooms. " Wu Kuijun introduced that in addition to the street gate, all four doors of this quadrangle are open in the direction of the courtyard, which is beautiful and practical, taking into account privacy.

　　The roof is a feature of the local quadrangles. After careful observation, it is found that the roof of Zhang Ming’s home is a single slope with a gentle slope. "This kind of roof is quite common in northwest provinces such as Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, which is mainly related to less precipitation and relative lack of wood." Meng Xiangwu, an associate professor in the Department of Architecture, School of Design and Art, Lanzhou University of Technology, introduced. Different from South China and Central China, the amount of tiles used in local traditional houses is less, and the roofs are mostly paved with square bricks, and only a small amount of drip tiles are used at the eaves to prevent the walls from being splashed by rain. Due to the gentle slope of the roof and the square brick paving, the single slope roof also undertakes the function of drying grain.

　　Hekou Village is also amazed by the complicated brick and wood carvings, from the entrance of the house to the wall, from the hall to the wing, from the foot of the wall to the eaves, from the door leaf to the window, there are exquisite patterns everywhere: carved dragons, blooming petals, and so on. "As a living folk art, brick and wood carving is an important witness in the history of the development of Hekou architecture, which reflects the exquisite skills and creative enthusiasm of craftsmen." Wu Kuijun said.

　　At present, there are 21 ancient dwellings in Hekou Village that are still inhabited by Zhang Ming. In order to protect these "solidified history", in 2014, Xigu District of Lanzhou City started the protective restoration and construction project of historical and cultural blocks, and successively invested 250 million yuan to transform the wall facades of 115 residential houses along the street in Hekou Village and 313 residential houses in the core area, and protectively repaired 37 ancient residential houses.

　　In the past, the Yellow River crossing became famous today.

　　Hekou village is built by the river and prospers because of the river. The Yellow River is the soul of the estuary.

　　Go down the steps along the south street and cross the south gate, and you can see the wide Yellow River. Flocks of waterfowl fly freely against the water, and reeds born near the water shake with the wind. On the shore, an east-west wooden trail stretching for about 5 kilometers lies in front of us. It is called "Golden Shore of Shili Yellow River" by local people, and there are historical sites such as Gudu District and Gucun District along the way.

　　Coming to the hydrophilic platform, the river breeze blows gently. Looking into the distance along the direction of Zhang Wei’s finger, a river bend came into view. "That’s the best berth for the ancient crossing at the estuary ‘ Yangchangwanzi ’ It was an important cargo distribution center in the northwest at that time. " Zhang Wei said that at that time, people’s daily necessities, such as coal, wood, Chinese medicine, grain, oil residue and hemp stalks, could be bought in the dock market. More than 60% of the residents in Hekou are engaged in water transport, and the main source of income is to rely on waterway terminals. There are more than 200 sheepskin rafts in Gudu, Hekou.

　　Xigu District Folk Museum located in Hekou Village shows the production technology of sheepskin raft. This ancient Yellow River watercraft is made of goatskin, which is soaked in oil and salt, dried and blown into skins. A larger raft needs more than 600 skins and can carry 20 tons of goods. Small rafts are made up of more than a dozen skins, which can be driven by one person, so they are light and flexible.

　　After the founding of New China, the local water transport was gradually replaced by the "Tiegongji", Hekou Village lost its position as a transportation hub, and the sheepskin raft also withdrew from the historical stage. However, from the restored customs site, we can see the busyness of the ferry in the past.

　　Hekou Village, which thrives on water, is now starting a "water article" again around the Yellow River culture: protecting the ecological environment on both sides of the Yellow River, developing water rafting projects on the Yellow River, and creating an immersive performance of "Memory Pangu" & HELIP; … In recent years, relying on the construction of beautiful countryside, Hekou Village has encouraged villagers to open farmhouses, serve tourist bowls and eat ecological meals. Many villagers have transformed their yards into "river view rooms" to attract tourists to stay.

　　The 59-year-old Zhang Hegong named the farmhouse "Good as Water" and used his painting skills to dress up the yard like a painting: bamboo, goldfish, ancient trees and safflower. Here, visitors can not only view the scenery, but also see the strange stones of the Yellow River, enjoy fine paintings and calligraphy, play with the root carving of Thuja, or sit in the yard reading, writing, chatting and drinking tea, and spend a rare leisure time. At present, Hekou Village has opened more than 60 farmhouses, with 1/5 residents in the core area participating.

　　The first batch of traditional villages in China, famous historical and cultural villages in China and the fourth batch of beautiful and livable villages in China … … In recent years, there are more and more business cards of "national prefix" in Hekou village, and the names are getting louder and louder. The ancient village is full of vitality again, and the ferry in the past reappears the hustle and bustle of the past. Last year, the number of tourists in Hekou Village exceeded 2 million. "Next, we will increase the protection of traditional culture, promote the upgrading of village facilities, and strive to build the estuary into a model for rural revitalization." Zhang Wei said.

　　■ Tips

　　Hekou village is suitable for tourism all year round, and relatively speaking, it is best when the flowers are warm in spring or the autumn wind is cool.

　　When you arrive at Hekou Village, you can visit the Folk Museum first to learn about the history of the ancient village. After that, visit the ancient village landmarks such as Bell and Drum Tower, Zhanggong Temple and Zixiang Chess House along the main street. In the evening, you can go to the "Golden Shore of Shili Yellow River" to find a farmhouse near the river, blow the river wind, have a rest and have tea, and then order some special foods such as firewood chicken, fish wrapped in paper, oil pot noise and potato stir-ups, so as to enjoy a slow life.

　　The word "auspiciousness" first appeared in "Zhuangzi’s Human Life": "Empty room gives birth to white, and auspiciousness stops". Auspicious patterns are formed by the accumulation and precipitation of various ethnic groups in long-term social activities, and their themes directly come from production and life and are deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Through auspicious patterns, we can see Chinese’s life consciousness, aesthetic taste, feelings of home and country and national character.

　　Xianglong ruifeng

　　andAuspicious patterns of harmonious symbiosis

　　The auspicious patterns originated from the combination of simple nature worship and psychological needs of Chinese ancestors in the early days. In the process of adapting to and transforming nature, people are puzzled by natural phenomena such as the sun, moon, stars, wind, rain, thunder and lightning, so they regard all things in nature as gods, and have reverence and primitive worship for nature, so they paint, weave, dye and embroider auspicious patterns such as auspicious birds, animals, flowers, birds, fish and insects on clothes to pray for the protection of the gods. This cultural phenomenon is constantly derived and developed with the exchanges and exchanges between various ethnic groups, which constitutes the world outlook of harmonious coexistence between man and nature in the Chinese nation.

　　As auspicious patterns in China traditional costumes, dragon and phoenix patterns are deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups. According to their cultural traditions and aesthetic tastes, all ethnic groups process and utilize them, and combine them with various natural images to create new variant patterns.

　　The blue silk brocade robe of Manchu nationality in Qing Dynasty collected by the National Costume Museum of Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology is woven with eight pieces of golden dragons, with auspicious patterns such as ruyiyun, bat, longevity peach and eight auspicious patterns. The weaving process is exquisite and the patterns are vivid. The hem of the dragon robe is decorated with precious stones, which stand on the rolling water waves, meaning that the mountains and rivers will be forever solid and peaceful throughout the world.

　　In contrast to the majestic and solemn images in Manchu robes, the dragon and phoenix patterns on the wedding dresses of Han women with flat gold, silver and dragon patterns from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China show a festive and peaceful scene. On the wedding dress, it is a woman’s gown embroidered with dragon and phoenix patterns in blue satin and gold and silver, and a horse-face skirt embroidered with dragon and phoenix patterns in red satin and Ping Jin is assembled below. The left and right dresses are embroidered with auspicious patterns such as dragon, phoenix, mandarin duck, peony, lotus and Xiangyun, which are symmetrically distributed around the front of the door, forming a composition style of "dragon to phoenix", which is gorgeous and rich.

　　▲ Manchu blue silk brocade robe.

　　▲ Han people’s flat gold, silver, dragon and phoenix female wedding clothes.

　　The dragon and phoenix patterns in Zhuang brocade can be divided into figurative and abstract patterns, which are mainly combined forms such as dragon-to-phoenix, dragon-to-phoenix, and double dragon-to-pearl, which together with other animal and plant patterns form a complete pattern. The folk saying of Zhuang nationality, "Ten Zhuang brocade and nine phoenixes are alive like phoenixes coming out of brocade", vividly reflects the Zhuang people’s worship and love for phoenixes.

　　The brocade of dragon, phoenix, lion and deer pattern of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi is woven with auspicious birds and beasts such as dragon, phoenix, chicken, lion and deer, and the pattern colors of blue, green, red, purple and pink are particularly eye-catching on the orange background. Zhuang people often use flowers instead of pearls for dragon patterns, and the combination of dragon and phoenix and flower tree patterns highlights the exchange and blending of strong and strong folk cultures.

　　▲ Zhuang nationality dragon and phoenix lion deer brocade pattern.In the costumes of all ethnic groups in China, there are also patterns in which birds replace phoenix.The patterns of dragons and birds in Miao costumes are flexible and changeable. Dragons can be combined with snakes, insects, fish and other animals. Bird patterns include fish-tailed bird patterns and dragon-tailed bird patterns, and the decorative style is full of simple and naive beauty.

　　The collection of Guizhou Pingyang-style birds’ clothing is a costume worn by the local Miao people during the drum festival. The fabric of the clothing is silk, with silkworm brocade as the base material in the middle of the back, Ping Xiu dragons, birds, phoenixes, fish, butterflies, flowers and other patterns on it, and the ribbon skirt is decorated with white bird feathers and pearl ornaments of Coix seed, which has a strong sense of ceremony and obvious decorative effect.

　　▲ Back view of Miao silkworm brocade bird clothing.

　　Fu Lu shou Xi

　　Character decoration with the same origin of painting and calligraphy

　　Characters are the symbol system used by human beings to record languages, and the art of Chinese characters is an important carrier of Chinese civilization. For thousands of years, the formation and development of the pluralistic and integrated pattern of the Chinese nation has largely benefited from the continuous and in-depth exchanges and exchanges between people of all ethnic groups in the common Chinese characters. This highly symbolic and visualized character has a broad mass base and cultural identity advantages.Therefore, directly decorating auspicious and beautiful words and sentences as patterns has become a major feature of Chinese traditional costume culture.

　　According to archaeological data and documents, the decorative application of characters on textiles can be traced back to the early Western Han Dynasty. Inherited from generation to generation, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, such characters as Fu, Lu, Shou, Xi, Cai, Gui and Ji were widely used as decorative patterns in clothing and textiles by various ethnic groups because of their direct expression, such as a hundred-year-old picture, a hundred-year-old picture, a double happiness picture and so on. The decorative art of auspicious characters is easy to understand and intuitively reflects the artistic creativity and imagination of people of all ethnic groups.

　　The collection of Qing Dynasty Han people’s azurite satin embroidered "Fu Ru Dong Hai Shou Bi Nan Shan" pattern belly pocket, the fabric is made of azurite pigment satin, and the center is embroidered with mythical figures and beasts symbolizing longevity, such as Antarctic Xianweng, deer and crane. Around Ping Xiu, the eight Chinese characters "Fu Ru Dong Hai Shou Bi Nan Shan" are embroidered with pomegranate, grapes, preserved melons, bergamot, gourds and peaches, which means many children and many blessings.

　　▲ Han azurite satin embroidery "Fu Ru Dong Hai Shou Bi Nan Shan" pattern belly pocket.

　　In the collection of the Qing Dynasty, the purple silk clothes with the pattern of dark flowers were woven on the purple silk material, and the black satin edge inlaid with the skirt and the white sleeves on the cuffs were embroidered with the word of three blue. "Xi" is an auspicious character formed by the combination of two separate words "Xi", which means "happiness is added to happiness". This garment, in terms of fabric material, pattern theme, embroidery technology and decorative style, reflects the exchange and integration of Han nationality in clothing culture at this time, which also directly affected the etiquette fashion and aesthetic orientation of folk women wearing clothes at that time.

　　Tujia brocade is also called "Xilankapu", which means "flower bedding". Beautiful brocade, like a girl’s face, is an important way to show diligence, intelligence and personality to relatives and friends, and it is also a necessary dowry at the wedding. Tujia people don’t have their own characters, and they have long used Chinese characters because of their early contact with Han people in history. In Qing dynasty, "returning to the native land" further promoted its exchanges and exchanges with all ethnic groups.

　　The brocade quilt of Fu Lushou, a Tujia nationality in Hunan Province, is mainly composed of auspicious characters such as Fu, Lu, Shou and Xi, which are filled in the diamond-shaped geometric skeleton, decorated with swastika characters along the border, and set off the character patterns with contrasting colors such as red, green, blue, yellow, blue and white, black and white, and the colors are full and gorgeous.

　　It is worth mentioning that the brocade arranges the characters in positive and negative mirror symmetry, emphasizing "painting with words" and giving auspicious characters more flexible changes. It is in the process of cultural exchange and blending of all ethnic groups that the diversified and integrated national costume art is formed.

　　Auspicious figures

　　till/extremelyHumanistic idea of beauty being good

　　In national costumes, figure patterns bear a nation’s historical memory and value orientation. The theme of figure patterns in traditional costumes mainly includes mythical figures, historical figures, folk figures and portraits of beautiful women. The story behind the characters has always played a role in rallying people’s hearts and promoting unity in different times.Putting history on the body is not only a symbol to show cultural characteristics, but also to connect the past with the present life and realize the harmony and unity between man and heart.

　　The collection of Han people’s blue satin multicolored embroidered twelve groups of women’s jackets with wide sleeves is based on the theme of Guo Ziyi, a figure in the Tang Dynasty, and the twelve groups of figures are colored embroidered: the middle of the dress is embroidered with a pattern of Guo Ziyi’s birthday; Embroidered characters on the front sleeve and the bottom show the elegant character of ancient literati through the scene combination of characters touching the piano, playing chess, writing and enjoying paintings. There is an embroidered pattern on the back of the dress to celebrate the birthday of the couple, which shows the scene of Guo Ziyi’s son and daughter-in-law celebrating their birthday hand in hand. There are six embroidery patterns on the shoulders, back sleeves and bottom of the clothes. The figures in the patterns extend the meanings of "three levels of promotion", "high position in the position of Lu", "evergreen", "opening an hundred sons", "good luck in the year" and "sending seals for promotion" through different birthday gifts, and express their feelings.

　　▲ Front view of Han nationality blue satin multicolored embroidered twelve-group-pattern wide-sleeved women’s jacket.

　　▲ The back view of Han nationality blue satin multicolored embroidered twelve regiments with wide sleeves.

　　There are many decorative figures in Miao costumes in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou. The Miao people’s figure-patterned children’s tops in Ping Huang, Guizhou Province are also called "little people’s clothes" or "children’s clothes" locally. The garment body is embroidered with two kinds of ancestor patterns, large and small, which represent the Miao ancestors who protect the family’s peace.

　　The figure pattern is also the most representative theme in the traditional clothing pattern of Li nationality in Hainan. In the tapestries of five branches of Li dialects, there are many figures depicting ancestor worship, production and life, love and marriage. Among them, in the traditional costumes of Rundialect, the image of ancestors was created into geometric humanoid patterns, and the Li people’s recollection of ancestors was reflected through a large number of repeated layouts.

　　The Shuang Mianxiu women’s dress in the collection of Li nationality in Hainan is a typical dress of Rundialect women. The pattern style is simple, and it is embroidered by Shuang Mianxiu stitch. The pattern decoration on the dress is concentrated in the easily worn places such as neckline, sleeve edge, sides of the dress and hem, and the stitch is fine, which not only expresses the decorative metaphor, but also reflects the practical function of the pattern.

　　▲ Children’s Tops with Miao Characters in Ping Huang, Guizhou.

　　▲ Shuang Mianxiu, a Li nationality in Hainan, wore the first dress.

　　There is also an auspicious figure pattern created in the traditional costumes of the Han nationality to pray for children’s reproduction and life inheritance — — Baby play pattern. Among the cultural relics in the collection, there are two Zi Ying opera-patterned tops in Qing Dynasty.

　　One is a red jacquard silk multicolored embroidered group python boy zodiac sea water pattern gown, with 50 sets of baby play patterns embroidered all over. The boy stepped on the pattern of golden flowers and gourds, holding mascots such as Ganoderma lucidum, osmanthus, lotus, blessing characters, copper coins and blessing lanterns, and his expression was vivid and lively.

　　The other is a double-breasted blouse with flowers, green satin and gold, which is woven into a total of 100 children. They beat drums and gongs, set off firecrackers, or danced with lions and played with fans, and also showed scenes such as Gemini playing lotus and sending officials and blessings. The patterns of the ancient philosophers are supplemented by auspicious patterns such as rich peony, beaming, and Fulu Nanshan.

　　▲ Han nationality flower blue satin woven gold baizi pattern double-breasted female jacket.

　　Baizi pattern is a pattern that shows children’s play. It originated from the allusion of Zhou Wenwang’s birth of an hundred children in The Book of Songs, and later evolved into a pattern that symbolizes the prosperity of a hundred children and a thousand grandchildren. It is a very popular pattern theme among the people, and it is also a well-established auspicious decoration on wedding utensils in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Many pieces of ancient clothes worn by the Empress were also unearthed in Dingling of Ming Dynasty in Beijing, which reflected the concept of praying for happiness in all levels of agricultural civilization.

　　(The pictures in this article are provided by the National Costume Museum of Beijing Institute of Fashion. Authors: Gao Dandan, Yuan Zonggang, Tian Hui, National Costume Museum of Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology. This article was published in the first issue of China Nationality magazine in 2023. )

　

Xiang jiao Ji Jian [2018〕120number

With the consent of the provincial people’s government, we hereby print and distribute the measures for the administration of the construction of ordinary national highways in Hunan Province to you, please follow them.

　

　

Hunan Provincial Department of Transportation　　　

2018yearsixmoon18sun

　

Measures for the administration of the construction of ordinary national and provincial highways in Hunan Province

　

chapter one　 total　 rule

the first　 In order to strengthen the management of provincial highway construction in the province, these measures are formulated in accordance with the provisions of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Highway Law, Measures for the Implementation of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Highway Law in Hunan Province, Regulations on the Quality and Safety in Production of Traffic Construction Projects in Hunan Province and other relevant laws, regulations, rules and policies, and combined with the actual situation in our province.

the second　 Ordinary national highways refer to the national highways and provincial highways in ordinary highways, and the projects included in the construction planning of ordinary national highways in the whole province are suitable for these measures.

Provincial highway construction in ordinary countries includes new reconstruction and pavement improvement. Among them, pavement improvement refers to the improvement of the pavement condition of the original highway, including laying new pavement, improving safety facilities, implementing highway standardization and beautification projects, etc., without widening the subgrade of the whole line or upgrading the technical level.

Article 　The construction of provincial highways in ordinary countries should follow the basic principles of unified planning, graded responsibility, fixed subsidy, reliable quality and safety.

Article 4 　All relevant units shall, in accordance with the relevant requirements of the reform of highway construction management system, revise relevant regulations and normative documents in a timely manner, improve the management system, refine supporting measures, and continuously improve the management level of highway construction.

chapter two　 job　 duty

Article 5 　The municipal people’s government is the main body responsible for the provincial highway construction projects in ordinary countries, and is responsible for the preliminary preparation of the project, the determination of the project legal person, the financing of construction, land acquisition and demolition, construction management, overall coordination and other work. General national and provincial highway construction projects strictly implement the project legal person responsibility system, bidding system, project supervision system and contract management system. The project legal person is responsible for the organization and implementation of the project.

Article 6 　The municipal people’s government should strengthen the management of provincial highway construction in ordinary countries,Establish corresponding coordination and management institutions,Responsible for overall planning, coordination and management of provincial highway construction in ordinary countries.

Article 7 　The relevant departments of the province are responsible for the preparation of general national and provincial highway construction plans, the arrangement of annual plans, the formulation of technical guidance, the co-ordination of pre-project management, the raising of provincial grant funds, and the development of industry supervision.

chapter three　 Pre-project work

Article 8 　The Provincial Department of Transportation is responsible for the relevant departments of the province to prepare the construction plan of the province’s ordinary national and provincial roads, and implement it after being approved by the provincial people’s government in accordance with relevant regulations. The planning of provincial highway construction in ordinary countries should be made in accordance with the principle of "reasonable layout, appropriate scale, networking, smooth external connection and smooth internal connection" in order to give full play to the overall benefits of the road network.

Article 9 　ordinaryGuoshan roadThe feasibility study report of the construction project shall be submitted to the competent investment department with corresponding management authority for approval after the industry audit opinion is put forward by the Provincial Department of Transportation. The preliminary design and construction drawing design of the project shall be examined and approved by the municipal and state transportation authorities. City and state transportation departments shall not be ordinaryGuoshan roadThe design approval authority is then delegated to the county-level transportation authorities.

Article 10 　Construction projects included in the provincial general national and provincial highway construction planning are regarded as approved project proposals, and highway pavement improvement projects that do not involve new land are regarded as approved project feasibility study reports of the province.

Article 11 　According to the plan, the Provincial Department of Transportation arranges the annual plan according to the progress of the preliminary work of the project and the financing situation. For the cities and states with strong fund-raising, fast progress and good quality in the construction projects of ordinary national highways within their jurisdiction, the province will give priority to the investment plans of other ordinary national highways in the planning.

chapter four　 Project design

Article 12 　In the new reconstruction projectBridge with complicated technology (suspension bridge, cable-stayed bridge, single span)L≥40mArch bridge, single spanL≥100mContinuous (rigid frame) beam bridges, new structural bridges, etc.) and extra-long and long tunnels are technically complex projects, and the rest are ordinary projects.

Article 13 　First-class highways and construction projects with complex schemes and great technical difficulties should be designed in two stages.,Other projects can be designed in one stage.

Article 14 　The design unit shall, in accordance with the relevant requirements of the Ministry of Transport and the Provincial Department of Transportation,Following the basic principles of "safety, environmental protection, economy and sustainable development",According to "Ordinary Hunan Province"National and provincial highway surveyDesign points "to do a good job in project design, the province will create" ordinary "Guoshan roadConstruction demonstration project ".

Article 15 　Ordinary national provincial highwayThe well-designed highway life safety protection project should be completed and put into use simultaneously with the project construction, and it should be commonGuoshan roadStandard of civilized model road for construction demonstration project.

Article 16 　The construction of ordinary national and provincial roads should be based on the actual situation of the surrounding road network and the territorial division of the project, and the necessary maintenance, management and service facilities should be designed simultaneously. The vehicle over-limit and overload detection system should be set up according to the relevant planning and regulations, and the related expenses should be included in the project budget (pre-calculation).

Article 17 　Ordinary with urban road functionGuoshan road,Should be passedSeparation of transit traffic and urban traffic flow by means of viaduct and interchange.

Article 18 　ordinaryGuoshan roadThe preliminary design budget should be examined and approved according to the relevant provisions of the provincial people’s government and the investment department, and the preliminary design budget should be strictly controlled.

Article 19　 Ordinary national and provincial highway construction projects should strengthen the management of engineering change, measurement and payment, and strictly control the project investment, construction scale and standards. If it is really necessary to change the design, it must be submitted for approval according to relevant regulations. All relevant units should strictly implement the relevant provisions such as "approval before implementation" for design changes and "audit before adjustment" for budget estimates.

chapter five 　project implementation

Article 21 　The municipal people’s government should formulate the corresponding ordinary in this area in combination with the actual situation.Guoshan roadConstruction project management methods, strengthen project management, and ensure the smooth implementation of the project. City and state transportation departments and highway management agencies should perform their duties and strengthen supervision and guidance on the implementation of projects in the region.

Article 22 　Project legal persons and project management institutions should be equipped with technical, financial, management and other professionals to meet the needs of engineering construction, and strengthen the management of the performance of employees. The specific requirements shall be formulated separately by the Provincial Department of Transportation. The relevant departments of the province or the municipal and state transportation departments shall organize business training for the relevant management personnel of provincial highway construction projects in ordinary countries every year.

Article 23　 The quality assurance system of government supervision, legal person management, social supervision and enterprise self-inspection is implemented in ordinary national and provincial highway construction projects. The project legal person shall apply to the municipal traffic quality and safety supervision department for quality and safety supervision before the project starts.

Article 24　 General national and provincial highway construction projects should clearly define and implement the responsibility of safety production of construction enterprises, construction supervision and construction management according to law, improve the safety production guarantee system, strengthen construction management during construction, and ensure construction safety. It is necessary to strengthen the dynamic management of major hazard sources and put an end to serious and extraordinarily serious production safety accidents.

Chapter vi　 Project fund management

Article 25 　The municipal people’s government is responsible for raising funds for project construction, and formulating and introducing local subsidy standards matching with national and provincial subsidy funds, and implementing the responsibility of project construction funds. At the same time, in accordance with the requirements of the central and provincial governments to strictly control the risk of local government debt, a balance plan for the construction of ordinary national and provincial highway projects should be compiled and reported to the Provincial Department of Transportation and the Provincial Department of Finance for the record. Encourage a variety of financing methods, and encourage land resources around highways and derived resources to make up for the lack of funds for traffic construction.

Article 26 　General national and provincial highway construction projectsBy the province (including state subsidies) according to the categories, regions and other fixed subsidies.The subsidy funds can only be used to pay for the project.

Article 27 　The Provincial Department of Finance and the Provincial Department of Transportation shall timely allocate subsidy funds according to the annual investment plan, progress and implementation of municipal and state construction funds.

Article 28 　ordinaryGuoshan roadConstruction funds for construction projects must be managed in special accounts, accounted for in special accounts and earmarked for special purposes, and no unit or individual may intercept, misuse or misappropriate them. Municipal finance and transportation departments need to supervise the use of project funds according to laws and regulations to ensure the safe and efficient use of funds.

Article 29 　Strengthen the management of final accounts of completed projects, and implement audit supervision according to laws and regulations. The competent department of transportation shall urge the project owner to organize relevant personnel to prepare the financial final accounts of the project completion according to law.

Chapter VII　 project acceptance

Article 30　 The project legal person shall reasonably organize the construction according to the approved time limit for a project, and timely organize the project completion acceptance after the project is completed. The project shall not be put into trial operation without acceptance or unqualified acceptance.

Article 31　 ordinaryGuoshan roadAfter the expiration of the liability for defects in the construction project, the competent transportation department of the city and state shall timely organize the completion and acceptance of the project in accordance with the relevant provisions.

Chapter VIII 　Project supervision and evaluation

Article 32 　The provincial people’s government implements a comprehensive evaluation of the construction and management of ordinary national and provincial highways in each city and state every year, and strictly fulfills rewards and punishments (specifically organized and implemented by the Provincial Department of Transportation). The evaluation results serve as an important basis for arranging the construction projects and subsidy fund plans of ordinary national and provincial highways in the next year.

Article 33 　One of the following circumstances, proposed by the Provincial Department of Transportation, the Provincial Department of Finance to suspend or stop dialing the next ordinary city.Guoshan roadConstruction subsidy funds：

(a) in violation of the basic construction procedures, causing serious impact and consequences;

(two) the use of funds in violation of relevant regulations;

(three) the city’s self-raised funds are not implemented, or they are not matched with the subsidy funds;

(four) major engineering quality problems are not timely rectification in place;

(five) major security risks have not been eliminated in time;

(six) failing to submit the project construction balance plan and progress report or information seriously distorted;

(seven) in violation of other relevant provisions of the state and province.

Article 34 　　In any of the following circumstances, the Provincial Department of Transportation shall reduce the city’s ordinary state.Guoshan roadConstruction subsidy funds：

(a) changing the construction content, reducing the construction scale and lowering the construction standards without authorization during the implementation of the project;

(two) the project still has unfinished projects or the rectification of project quality problems is not in place for project completion acceptance;

(3) After the expiration of the defect liability period.twelveFailing to organize the completion acceptance within months;

(four) did not complete the province issued the annual generalGuoshan roadConstruction objectives and tasks;

(five) the self-raised funds are not in place, which has a serious impact on the quality, safety and progress of the project, or the arrears of project funds and wages of migrant workers lead to mass petitions;

(six) unauthorized replacement of construction projects;

(seven) for the problems in article thirty-third of this article, the rectification within a time limit is not in place.

Article 35　 In view of the problems found in Article 33 and Article 34, cities and states should rectify and put them in place in time. Not timely rectification in place, in addition to the deduction of the city’s ordinary state.Guoshan roadConstruction grant funds, suspend all ordinary state areas of the city.Guoshan roadProject declaration, approval, until the rectification in place..

　

Chapter 9 　attach　 rule

Article 36 　Non-ordinary provincial roads included in the planning shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations and with reference to these measures.

Article 37 　This approach since2019year2moononeDay implementation,Valid for five years.

　

Related links:Drafting Description and Policy Interpretation of "Administrative Measures for the Construction of Provincial Roads in Hunan Province"

　　

Lithuanian National Radio and Television Report Screenshot

　　Overseas Network, January 14thAccording to the Lithuanian National Radio and Television Station, on January 13th, local time, the Lithuanian government held a commemoration of "Freedom Defender Day" outside Vilnius Parliament Building, and hundreds of people gathered in Independence Square to demonstrate and demand the government to step down. When the Lithuanian Prime Minister and Speaker spoke, whistles and boos came and went.

　　Lithuanian Prime Minister Ingrid Shimoni (data map)

　　According to reports, after the commemoration began, the Lithuanian President, Prime Minister and Speaker spoke successively. During the period, protesters held posters such as "the government stepped down" and "opposing compulsory vaccination" and shouted "shame". Lithuanian Prime Minister Ingrid Shimoni’s speech was almost drowned out by whistles and boos.

　　A Vilnius police spokesman said that on the day of the event, about 2,500 people gathered in the square next to the parliament building, but not all of them were protesters. After the commemoration, about 750 people stayed.

　　Raimundas Griner Vicius, a person in charge of the demonstration organization, said that while the protesters expressed their opposition to the compulsory vaccination of COVID-19, they also demanded that the current government step down. (Overseas Network Zhang Qi)

　　 　Adhering to integrity and innovation is an important "password" for scientific theory to keep its vitality forever. In the new era, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people regard "upholding integrity and innovation" as a scientific method to promote theoretical innovation, which opens up a new realm of the modernization of Marxism in China. Culture is the soul of a country and a nation, and it is the field that needs to be upright and innovative most. The cultural thought of the supreme leader is the theoretical achievement of innovation and development in keeping integrity, which embodies the spiritual characteristics of keeping integrity and innovation. Under the guidance of the supreme leader’s cultural thought, our party and people have strengthened their cultural self-confidence and made historic achievements in promoting cultural construction. Focusing on the new cultural mission of the new era, we must persist in recognizing ourselves by being upright, be firm in our direction, grasp the present and meet the future with innovation, and strive to contribute to the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

　　The cultural thought of the supreme leader is a great achievement of keeping integrity and innovation.

　　 　A history of the modernization of Marxism in China is the history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people promoting the new development of Marxism in the process of innovation. Marxism is not only a scientific theory, but also a developing and open theory. In the extraordinary course of more than a hundred years, our Party has repeatedly stressed that the basic principles of Marxism must be observed, and at the same time, it has to "write new works and form new theories" to promote the continuous development of Marxism as a sacred duty and constantly write a new chapter in the modernization of Marxism in China. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our Party has put forward and adhered to the fundamental approach of "two combinations", enriched and developed Marxism with brand-new ideological content, founded Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in a new era, and achieved a new leap in the modernization of Marxism in China. As the cultural chapter of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, the Supreme Leader’s cultural thought is an important theoretical achievement of upholding integrity and innovation.

　　 　"Keeping the right" means sticking to the truth and the right path. The "correctness" of the supreme leader’s cultural thought is embodied in his persistent adherence to Marxist cultural theory and socialist cultural direction. This thought always adheres to the Marxist cultural ideal and value pursuit, insists on observing and thinking about cultural issues with historical materialism, and clearly opposes historical nihilism and cultural nihilism; Efforts should be made to consolidate the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field and adhere to the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s cultural leadership and the fundamental direction of socialist cultural development. The "integrity" of the supreme leader’s cultural thought is also reflected in the conscious inheritance of Chinese excellent traditional culture. This thought puts forward and adheres to the fundamental requirements of "two combinations", summarizes and refines the outstanding characteristics and cultural essence of Chinese civilization, and emphasizes the consolidation of the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation in consolidating the foundation, cultivating the source and dredging the flow, which has laid a solid cultural foundation for the development and progress of contemporary China and polished the distinctive cultural characteristics of Chinese civilization’s exchanges with the world.

　　 　"Innovation" means the courage to explore and open up new horizons. The "innovation" of the supreme leader’s cultural thought is embodied in his creative revelation of the law of socialist cultural construction and his innovative guidance of contemporary China’s cultural development practice. This thought keenly grasps the new development of the times and the new changes of the world situation and national conditions, and puts forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints and new conclusions around major theoretical and practical issues in the field of cultural construction, such as theoretical armed forces, public opinion propaganda, ideological and moral construction, cultural literature and art, network construction and management, and foreign propaganda work, which has enabled our party to reach a new height in its understanding of the laws of cultural construction in Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　 　"Correctness" and "innovation" complement each other and are dialectical unity. The cultural thoughts of the Supreme Leader not only adhere to the "ancestors", but also speak a lot of "new words". On the basis of the present, they integrate history and focus on the future, condensing the essence of Chinese culture and China spirit, and have made original contributions to enriching and developing Marxist cultural theory and inheriting and developing Chinese excellent traditional culture.

　　The spirit of integrity and innovation runs through the cultural thought of the supreme leader.

　　 　At the symposium on cultural inheritance and development, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized three aspects on how to continue to promote cultural prosperity, build a cultural power and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new starting point, namely, strengthening cultural self-confidence, upholding openness and tolerance, and persisting in integrity and innovation. Here, upholding integrity and innovation is not only one of them, but also the foothold of the three. To shoulder the new cultural mission in the new era is, in the final analysis, to create new glory of socialist culture in the process of integrity and innovation. It can be said that keeping integrity and innovation is not only the spiritual background of the formation and establishment of a series of original achievements in the cultural thought of the supreme leader, but also the spiritual characteristics that run through all aspects of the cultural thought of the supreme leader.

　　 　The spirit of keeping integrity and innovation is embodied in the clear emphasis on cultural mission. The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a political party with a strong sense of cultural mission, and has always made unremitting efforts to build a new culture of the Chinese nation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has repeatedly stressed the need to shoulder new cultural missions and create new glories of socialist culture. At the symposium on cultural inheritance and development, the Supreme Leader further pointed out that "the best inheritance of history is to create a new history, and the greatest respect for human civilization is to create a new form of human civilization". "It is our new cultural mission to continue to promote cultural prosperity, build a cultural power and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new starting point." The spirit of being upright and innovative is embedded in the cultural mission we are shouldering: the culture we are committed to today is a new organic and unified cultural life formed by the combination of Marxist scientific theory and Chinese excellent traditional culture genes, and the cultural power and modern civilization of the Chinese nation we are committed to building are the continuation of ancient culture and civilization and the creative transformation and innovative development of excellent traditions. "Although Zhou was an old state, his life was reformed." Only by upholding the spirit of integrity and innovation can we deeply understand and consciously shoulder this new cultural mission and promote the rejuvenation of Chinese culture and civilization.

　　 　The spirit of keeping upright and innovating is embodied in the perseverance of the cultural road. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "It is the only way to open up and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics on the profound foundation of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years, and to combine the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture." Cultural construction is an important part of the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s career, and "two combinations" is also the only way to build a socialist cultural power and create a new glory of Chinese culture. The fundamental path of "two combinations" itself clearly embodies the characteristics and requirements of being upright and innovative. "Combination" has laid a solid foundation for our way forward and given Socialism with Chinese characteristics a broader and far-reaching historical depth for its cultural development. "Combination" also gives us a cultural space for innovation, which enables us to master the ideological and cultural initiative, make full use of the valuable resources of Chinese excellent traditional culture and explore future-oriented cultural innovation.

　　 　The spirit of keeping upright and innovating is embodied in the repeated exposition of cultural spirit. The spirit of integrity and innovation is an essential spiritual trait to support and lead a cultural system to move forward and flourish, and it is also an important content repeatedly mentioned and emphasized by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader when discussing cultural spiritual issues. Looking back at history, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly revealed the spirit of integrity and innovation contained in Chinese culture and civilization, emphasizing that "the Chinese nation is a nation of integrity and innovation" and that "Chinese civilization has the cultural subjectivity and vigorous vitality of self-development, responding to challenges and creating new opportunities"; Chinese civilization has outstanding innovation, which "fundamentally determines the enterprising spirit of the Chinese nation to be upright and not conservative, to respect the ancient and not to go back to the ancient". Based on the present and looking forward to the future, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attaches great importance to the cultivation and promotion of the spirit of upholding integrity and innovation, emphasizing that "when I propose upholding integrity and innovation, I mean that I will not take the old road of being closed and rigid, nor will I take the evil road of changing my flag". "Cultural workers in the new era must continue the historical context and write contemporary Chinese chapters with the righteousness and spirit of upholding integrity and innovation". These important conclusions profoundly reveal the internal causes of Chinese culture and civilization from the perspective of keeping integrity and innovation, and provide important guidance for the cultivation and promotion of cultural spirit in the new era.

　　 　The spirit of keeping upright and innovating is embodied in the practical requirements for all fronts in the cultural field. The cultural thought of the supreme leader is a systematic and complete scientific system. Adhering to integrity and innovation is not only an important thinking method of the supreme leader’s cultural thought, but also an important working method. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "for cultural construction, being upright can keep you from losing yourself and your direction, and innovation can keep you abreast of the times and lead the times", highlighting the significance of persisting in being upright and innovative. When the Supreme Leader General Secretary led the work in specific fields of cultural construction, he repeatedly emphasized the principles and requirements of upholding integrity and innovation. For example, he emphasized that propaganda and ideological work in the new era should "persist in striving for progress while maintaining integrity and innovation", and hoped that literary and art workers would "grasp the relationship between inheritance and innovation, learn from the past and break the law, so as to make Chinese excellent traditional culture an important source of literary and artistic innovation" and exhorted cultural industry practitioners to "firmly grasp the correct orientation, persist in upholding integrity and innovation, and ensure the cultural industry. It can be said that the spirit of integrity and innovation runs through all aspects of the party’s deployment and promotion of propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era.

　　Being upright and innovating is a distinctive feature of cultural construction practice in the new era.

　　 　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "The theoretical leap is not reflected in the originality of words and expressions, nor in the self-consistency and self-proof of logic. In the final analysis, it should be reflected in answering practical questions and leading the development of practice." As an important theoretical achievement of upholding integrity and innovation, the supreme leader’s cultural thought integrates the spiritual characteristics of upholding integrity and innovation into all aspects of cultural practice in guiding the cultural development in the new era, leading to a breakthrough in promoting the construction of a cultural power.

　　 　Stick to the soul of Marxism and write a new chapter in ideological work in the process of radical reform. Ideology determines the nature and direction of culture, which concerns the future and destiny of the party and the country. At the same time, China’s ideological field is facing new situation requirements, and it is necessary to focus on strengthening the cohesion and leading force of socialist ideology in the process of maintaining integrity and innovation. In practice, our party has established and adhered to the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological field, insisted on promoting the modernization of Marxism in China with "two combinations", and promoted the party’s innovative theory in the new era with rich and diverse forms, paths and methods. Firmly defend the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s cultural leadership, fully implement the ideological work responsibility system, promote the construction and innovation of communication means, improve the communication power, guidance, influence and credibility of news and public opinion, and keep the Internet as the main position, main battlefield and forefront of ideological struggle to create a clear cyberspace; Promote the construction of discipline system, academic system and discourse system of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics, adhere to the problem orientation, respond to the call of the times, and accelerate the construction of China’s independent knowledge system. In the unremitting efforts to break through simultaneously, stir up turmoil and promote the Qing Dynasty, the ideological situation in China has undergone an overall and fundamental change, and the cohesion and centripetal force of the whole society have been greatly improved, effectively consolidating the common ideological foundation of the United struggle of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country.

　　 　Adhere to the roots of Chinese excellent traditional culture and create new glory of Chinese culture in the process of bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people have taken a strong historical responsibility to vigorously carry out the inheritance and development project of Chinese excellent traditional culture, deepen the project of exploring the source of Chinese civilization, make full use of the new technologies and means brought by the development of modern science and technology to protect the roots of civilization, and strive to revitalize the strong vitality of Chinese excellent traditional culture; Carry forward the spiritual pedigree of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people with the great spirit of party building as the source, carry out the study and education of party history and the "four histories", innovate and carry out commemorative activities, commend national feats, and continue the red gene and red blood; Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, guide literary and art workers to vividly reflect the changes of the times, the progress of China and the call of the people, promote the all-round development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, carry out the project of benefiting the people through culture, and strive to meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the people. The series of measures focus on linking Chinese excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture, promoting the prosperity and development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture in the new era, promoting the widespread promotion of socialist core values in the whole society, significantly enhancing the cultural self-confidence of the whole party and the people of the whole country, and condensing more active spiritual strength for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　 　Adhere to the right path of human civilization development and show the new image of Chinese civilization in exchanges and mutual learning. The era background of the accelerated evolution and deep interaction of the "two overall situations" puts forward higher requirements for us to do a good job in cultural exchange and mutual learning of civilizations in the process of defending integrity and innovation. Our party is committed to seeking great harmony for the world, conforming to the general trend of the evolution of human civilization, based on the practice of Chinese modernization, adhering to the position of Chinese culture, proposing and practicing the concept of a community of human destiny, proposing global civilization initiatives, carrying forward the common values of all mankind, and dedicating its achievements in cultural innovation and creation to the world; Accelerate the construction of China discourse and China narrative system, speed up the construction of international communication ability, tell the story of China to the world and spread the voice of China; We will expand ways for civilized exchanges and mutual learning, strengthen international cultural exchanges with the help of public products such as the Belt and Road Initiative, and hold sports and cultural events such as the Winter Olympics and the Asian Games to provide a broad stage for world cultural exchanges and mutual learning. At present, China’s national cultural soft power and Chinese cultural influence have been significantly improved. China’s wisdom, China’s ideas and China’s spirit have been widely spread in the world, which have been understood, respected and shared by more and more people and made important contributions to the development and progress of human civilization.

　　Being upright and innovating is the fundamental law to create a new culture worthy of our new era.

　　 　Under the background of the accelerated evolution and deep interaction of the "two overall situations", cultural construction is facing new situations and new tasks. We must earnestly enhance our ideological recognition and action consciousness of leading the practice of cultural construction in the new era and new journey with the cultural thought of the supreme leader, take on new cultural missions with the integrity and spirit of being upright and innovative, and promote the cultural construction work to constantly show new weather and new actions.

　　 　The first is to explore cultural practice with the spirit of integrity and innovation. All human social life is practical in essence. It is the foundation and premise to realize cultural prosperity and development to develop cultural practice in keeping integrity and innovation. On the basis of profoundly grasping the essential law of cultural change and adhering to the correct direction of cultural development, we should further carry forward the enterprising spirit of pioneering and innovation and the fearless character of bravely accepting new things, focus on deepening the reform of cultural system in practice, constantly explore new ways, models and methods of cultural practice, and continuously enhance cultural cohesion, enhance cultural creativity and expand cultural radiation. The great creation of the people is an inexhaustible source of cultural innovation. To develop cultural practice in innovation, we must always adhere to the principle of "walking with the people in the same direction", firmly base ourselves on the people’s vivid production and life practices, vigorously tap the wisdom and strength contained in the broad masses of people, respect the people’s initiative, and fully stimulate the people’s cultural creativity.

　　 　The second is to cultivate cultural products with the spirit of integrity and innovation. Whether you can produce and create excellent cultural works is an important yardstick to test the cultural creativity of a country and a nation. Cultural masterpieces must be deeply rooted in the rich heritage of national culture. Without keeping the "righteousness" of historical context and losing national characteristics, it is impossible to produce cultural masterpieces that directly reach people’s hearts. At the same time, the cultivation of high-quality works should closely follow the tide of the times, and it is impossible to reflect the "change" of the development of the times with new content and new forms, and it is impossible to form vivid and vivid cultural products. As cultural workers in the new era, we should strengthen our historical and cultural self-confidence, persist in making the past serve the present and bring forth the new, make full use of new technologies and new means to stimulate creative inspiration, enrich cultural connotations, express thoughts and feelings, strive for perfection and innovation, and strive to form excellent works worthy of the nation and the times, so that the cultural tree rooted in historical context and bathed in brilliance in the era will blossom brilliantly.

　　 　The third is to develop cultural theory with the spirit of integrity and innovation. Theory originates from practice and actively reacts to practice, blossoming and bearing fruit in close interaction with practice, and constantly blooming new vitality. The cultural thought of the supreme leader is an open, scientific and systematic ideological system, which will be enriched and developed with the gradual deepening of practice. We should strengthen the research and interpretation of the supreme leader’s cultural thought based on the practice of contemporary China’s cultural construction, deeply grasp its core essence, spiritual essence, rich connotation and practical requirements, and profoundly expound the generating logic and internal relationship of the principled theoretical achievements in this thought. "Marxism does not exclude all truth, no matter when and where it comes from, as long as it is truth, it can be used as a nutrient to enrich and develop itself." Enriching and developing cultural theory in the innovation of upholding integrity also requires us to face the world and the future, learn from others’ wisdom and make dialectical choices in the "sum of human knowledge" under the premise of firmly adhering to the "upholding integrity" of "two combinations", so as to promote the continuous enrichment and development of China-oriented and modernized Marxist cultural theory.

　　 　(Author: Shen Zhuanghai Liu Shuijing, both professors of Marxism College of Wuhan University)

　　"China Space Station will surpass Mir Space Station in terms of functions, application benefits, construction technology, material replenishment and other important indicators, reaching or approaching the level of the International Space Station; We will surpass the level of the International Space Station in terms of information technology, energy technology, power technology and operational cost-effectiveness. " Academician Zhou Jianping, the chief designer of China’s manned spaceflight project, revealed at the 4th Chinese Project Summit Forum.

　　At the same time, Shanguang Chen, chairman of the forum, pointed out: "With the support of the Human Factors Engineering Section, China Space Station will definitely provide a warm space home for China astronauts and world astronauts, and make original achievements in Chinese."

　　Although human factors engineering is a strange scientific field to the public, four human factors engineering conferences have been held, each time releasing heavy signals and memorable news.

　　People are full of infinite imagination about the coming year of 2020 — — The space station era is coming, and the space year is coming!

　　Do astronauts drink their own urine in the sky?

　　Regenerative life support system is a sign of long-term residence.

　　"Urine may be a waste on the ground, but it is a resource in the sky." Wu Zhiqiang, deputy chief designer of the space station system, said a lot of advanced terms before. When he said this sentence, laymen were shocked — — Do astronauts drink their own urine in the sky?

　　The ancients said "not dirty and unclean". With the development of science and technology, it seems that the time has come to subvert our "three views".

　　Since Shenzhou 5 Yang Liwei went to heaven, China entered the era of manned space flight, supported by the first generation of life support system. Later, every time Shenzhou went to heaven, it would go to a higher level in terms of human security. By the last Shenzhou XI, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong spent 33 days cruising in space, showing their fashionable life of drinking tea and keeping fit in space to the people of the whole country.

　　Next, China enters the space station stage. What’s the difference?

　　Astronauts will stay in the space station for up to 180 days! As in previous times, it’s no good just bringing food, drink and oxygen. Although we have supporting cargo ship support, the cost of launching once is too high, and the life support system must be upgraded — — Physical and chemical regeneration life support system came into being.

　　"Machines should serve people." This sentence that Shanguang Chen often emphasized is believed to be our common belief, but in fact, with the continuous progress of technology, human beings have become more and more dependent on and worshipped machines, and gradually forgot their original intentions.

　　There is no denying that the man who created the machine is really great, and so is the machine. For example, Chang ‘e-1 to Chang ‘e-4 are exploring the moon for Chinese now, and next year’s Mars rover will help us to find out where the imagination of many generations has been entrusted. Machines have been opening up territory for us.

　　But machines can never replace people. People are uncertain, at the same time, people are irreplaceable factors. When people face new things and complex problems in person, their emotions, communicative thinking and comprehensive decision-making ability are beyond the reach of machines, which is the greatest driving force for science.

　　The summit forum on human factors engineering has been held for four years in a row. In four different cities, a large number of old academicians, old scientists, generals, lieutenant generals, chief engineers, deputy chief engineers and male and female astronauts are gathered every time. Recently, Wang Jian and Mao Ming, new academicians under great fame, have attended many meetings.

　　Why do so many famous scientists and designers of big countries attach so much importance to human factors engineering?

　　Perhaps, as China Space Station opens its doors to astronauts and scientists all over the world, human factors engineering will also be unveiled and truly understood by the public. The original research results produced by space research will serve our lives more and more.

　　With the construction of the space station, how to run the materialized regenerative life support system for long-term space flight reliably and efficiently has become the best example to explain human factors engineering.

　　Regenerative life support is a key sign system for astronauts from short-term flight to long-term in-orbit stay.

　　This environmental control and life support system not only collects and transforms people’s sweat and urine in the system, but also aims at establishing people’s living environment to ensure people to work efficiently and comfortably. In other words, the creative design practice of this system is all around people, serving people to eat, drink, sleep and work in a closed spacecraft.

　　"Regenerative life insurance technology is very complicated and is called a worldwide problem. It can be seen from the development process in the United States and Russia that the technology is very difficult and the investment is very large. " Wu Zhiqiang introduced that the development cost of a water treatment system on the US space station was 200 million US dollars. The International Space Station has been built for more than 10 years, and the regenerative life support system really only took five or six years.

　　Why are the United States and Russia so willing to invest money in this system?

　　Because according to their calculations, it costs 40,000-50,000 dollars to transport 1 kg of material to the orbit of the International Space Station, and 1 g of water is basically equivalent to the value of gold. "Of course, this is just water, and it also needs containers for water. Together, the economic cost is even greater." However, people generally need more than two kilograms of water a day, which is enough for three to six astronauts to spend six months to more than one year. It can be said that they are constantly burning money.

　　The International Space Station has spent more than 100 billion dollars. It is a challenge for China to make the design and management of the space station better and realize the pursuit of science and technology at less cost. Only by doing this can we be a sustainable development way.

　　This is the task of Wu Zhiqiang. Chinese has always had a big brain.

　　When astronauts are studied as the core of system engineering, they become very close to ordinary people. Everyone excretes 1.6 kilograms of urine and 1.7 kilograms of sweat a day, and there is water in the stool. Recycling water is the foundation. In addition, water contains oxygen, which can also be obtained by water electrolysis. In addition, the amount of carbon dioxide produced by people in breathing is 1 kg per day. These wastes should be returned to their respective places, recycled in different treatment systems, and finally converted into available resources in the space capsule. In the future, the cargo spacecraft can carry a basic amount, and the cost is greatly reduced.

　　"Reclaimed water, in a sense, is a kind of water produced in orbit. It is extracted from waste. In order to ensure people’s life and health, it must strictly meet medical requirements. " Popular science in Wu Zhiqiang has given the public a fact that if we want to travel around space, we also need to reuse the urine of the converted cabin personnel.

　　It must be said that when human beings look at the vast space, they deeply feel that it is extremely vast and has no boundaries. When human beings look at themselves, simply eating, drinking and sleeping is actually an extremely precise and borderless field. However, the study of ourselves determines how far we can go if we leave the land under our feet.

　　"This system has the most manned characteristics, and it is also an important symbol to distinguish manned spacecraft from unmanned spacecraft." Wu Zhiqiang’s task is ordinary in words, but it is a multi-system interdisciplinary subject in practice.

　　It can be seen that the parents of this body are naturally enjoying their own bodies, but they don’t realize that this is the greatest machine and there is endless room for exploration.

　　This system, which was previously hidden behind the spacecraft, is coming into people’s field of vision when astronauts are about to stay in space for a long time and are planning to go to the moon and Mars.

　　However, what if such precious recycling equipment breaks down in case it is used? This involves a typical human factor problem — — On-orbit maintenance of space equipment.

　　Even maintenance is also human.

　　The life of the space station is not only built, but also repaired.

　　"After the completion of the China Space Station, we will use the operation of astronauts and the cooperation of mechanical arms to transfer the solar wing to this position to improve the working efficiency of solar wing batteries. This is a very complicated on-orbit operation. If China astronauts do this, I think we will reach the same level of extravehicular operation as the International Space Station. " Zhou Jianping pointed out the design of China Space Station and explained it to everyone.

　　In the weightless environment, astronauts leave the cabin, transfer and repair equipment. The scene of astronauts working in harsh space environment in American movies is vivid. Many fans expect China to enter the era of space station, just to see that Chinese can do such a difficult job. The scene described by Zhou Jianping is not only difficult, but also proves the strength and ability of the China astronauts, which is exciting to think about.

　　Zhou Jianping used the space station as an example. At that time, the design life of the Soviet Union’s Mir space station was only five years. Because of the participation of some people, the Mir space station continued until 1999. Because the Russian operation and maintenance cost was unbearable, it was derailed. Similarly, there is no active participation in the current International Space Station, and it is impossible to maintain this state.

　　It seems that the life of the space capsule is not only made, but also repaired.

　　Zhou Jianping reveals the secret — —

　　This time, our telescope will also be in the earth’s orbit, with a magnificent name, called "Sky Survey". Compared with Hubble telescope, the field of view of the survey telescope is more than 300 times larger, but the resolution is comparable. It can fly in common orbit with China Space Station. When the space station needs to replenish it, the astronauts need to repair it, or the equipment needs to be upgraded, it can dock on the space station, and the astronauts will leave after the necessary operations, and then continue to fly in common orbit.

　　In the past, if satellites were launched out of control, they would lose hundreds of millions or even billions, and they would also become space junk suspended in orbit. But in the future, there will be onboard engineers in the spacecraft who can capture these satellites for maintenance. There are also some satellites that have expired, and we can also replace them for maintenance to increase their life.

　　As we all know, it is a breeze for us to twist a screwdriver on the ground, not to mention the load engineer and the astronaut from the Air Force. However, under the threat of extravehicular cosmic rays and flying rocks, astronauts must wear spacesuits as hard and heavy as a small spacecraft, and clumsy gloves make it very difficult to hold things. Therefore, the maintenance in the sky is mostly modular and integrated.

　　Just like children putting together Lego, even if it is a problem of a line or a screw, a whole module should be replaced to ensure safety and efficiency.

　　Shanguang Chen said that the on-orbit operation of the space station will reach more than 10 years, and there are many equipments including spacesuits and regenerative life support systems, which can greatly prolong the on-orbit service life and reduce the transportation cost through maintenance and parts replacement. How to ensure the quality of maintenance and improve the efficiency of maintenance should fully consider human capacity, space constraints, tool constraints and other human factors.

　　In just a few words, everyone has realized the arduous task of astronauts and load engineers in the Heavenly Palace in the future, not only to bear the test of weightlessness on the body, but also to do scientific experiments; It is necessary to observe both outer space and the earth from high altitude; It is necessary to go to the cargo ship to carry goods, to repair and overhaul the space station outside the cabin, and to launch micro-satellites to repair the survey telescope that is docked in parallel.

　　After Zhai Zhigang leaves the cabin and waves the national flag, future China astronauts will walk out of the cabin door more and more to work hard for our aircraft!

　　Half a year ago, NASA announced an Artemis project, that is, the United States won the moon again in 2024, and female astronauts will complete the moon landing. People invariably focus their eyes on Wang Yaping, the heroine of China.

　　When Shenzhou-10 was flying, as a space teacher, she gave a popular science class to primary and middle school students in the narrow cabin of Tiangong-1. The opening rate of the video at that time reached 1 billion times. If China can’t land on the moon immediately, it is certain that there will be female astronauts who will stay in the Tiangong for a long time in the near future and conduct scientific experiments in the core cabin and experimental cabin.

　　Wang Yaping’s appearance embodies the beauty of China’s classical beauties and the heroic posture of female soldiers, and her figure is tall and slim. People can’t help feeling pity for jade: how can such a slender woman carry heavy maintenance tasks?

　　This requires ergonomics to design auxiliary equipment that is more suitable for human body to work efficiently.

　　According to reports, the living environment of astronauts has been greatly improved. It can be said that from the past one room and one living room to three rooms and one living room, its livability is better and the extravehicular clothing has been greatly improved.

　　The more perfect the design of human factors, the less uncomfortable people feel, and the closer it will be to the day when ordinary Chinese will go into space.

　　Facing the unknown

　　Human factor evaluation surfaced.

　　Aerospace is a complex giant system, among which, what worries scientists most is how the people inside will survive and how to face the sinister and uncomfortable living environment when the spacecraft leaves the earth, our familiar home. In other words, how can we ensure that astronauts are "born after death" and work pleasantly and efficiently?

　　Human factors engineering studies more about death. This is a subject based on failure, disaster and lessons.

　　"The Boeing plane in Ethiopia went down vertically, reaching 20 meters underground." Academician Liu Daxiang watched the video of Boeing 737MAX’s last out-of-control state some time ago, which made him "particularly uncomfortable". This type of aircraft crashed twice in the four months from the end of last year to the beginning of this year, killing 346 people. At first, Boeing put the blame on people, saying that the driver’s operation was wrong, but "we didn’t analyze this problem, so China was the first to make a decision to stop flying". It was later proved that the pilot of this plane staged a man-machine war in the last 12 minutes. It is said that a system repeatedly forced the nose down, and the pilot repeatedly pulled the nose up again, but in the end, under the arrogant instructions of the machine, the driver could do nothing, causing human tragedy.

　　"Now all fields are completely commanded by machines, which is risky." The famous aero-engine expert in China said that Boeing 737MAX didn’t carry out enough flight test after replacing the engine, and didn’t make a comprehensive evaluation including human factors, and the result was painful.

　　Shanguang Chen believes that the Boeing accident has once again caused the industry to think deeply about the allocation of human-machine functions, and the main reason is that it does not pay attention to human factors evaluation. In fact, many accidents in the aerospace field can be attributed to human error or insufficient error-proof design of machines.

　　"Eliminating operational mistakes is my lifelong goal." Lieutenant General Hu Shixiang, who sent China’s first artificial satellite "Dongfanghong-1" into space in 1970, said this. He participated in organizing more than 100 launch tests of satellites and rockets.

　　What he remembers vividly is the launch of a communication satellite in 1982. After several simulated flights, the data showed that the rocket was short-circuited after 17 seconds of flight.

　　"Check. The socket was opened to see how the welding point was, and it was turned upside down one day and one night, and no problem was found. " Everyone can’t go anywhere, they are all waiting, and he feels stressed. Finally, it was found that there was a solder particle rolling around in a socket. Going back, it was a female inspector in Shanghai who was pregnant, "in a bad mood and missed the inspection."

　　Today, when it comes to aerospace, it is foolproof, and it is all from victory to victory. In fact, in Hu Shixiang’s memory, there was a bleak time. At that time, China had just started to help foreign countries to launch commercial satellites, and failed because of the plug problem and careless problem. "When Zhu Rongji served as deputy prime minister, he visited our base and asked, Commander Hu, can you hit three satellites and drop the next one? You go up and down now, and our hearts can’t stand it. "

　　"Plugs and sockets are often a simple problem, but the result of simple problems is very heavy. It can be said that a screw links the aerospace industry and a small button maintains national dignity. " Hu Shixiang appealed to the human factors experts who attended the meeting, and asked whether the human factors experts could give a measure and a method to reduce human errors and ensure success.

　　Shanguang Chen pointed out: Eliminating human errors and ensuring safety has always been the goal pursued by commanders and engineers at all levels engaged in complex systems and engineering projects, and human factors engineering provides theoretical guidance and design methods for this. These systems are designed by people, and they are bound to be branded by people. The system must be evaluated by relatively independent human factors, and the system that fails this evaluation shall not pass the final acceptance. Manned space flight is establishing this management and technical system.

　　The discipline idea of human factors engineering is to embody the design idea of people-centered, make the machine adapt to people’s needs, and the discipline goal makes the whole system realize safety, high efficiency and high performance. Typical characteristics are system engineering thought, design-oriented and multidisciplinary integration. It can be said that human factors engineering is a people-oriented system engineering.

　　Laozi said: goodness is like water, and water conservancy does not dispute everything. Shanguang Chen borrowed this concept many times and pointed out: people are like water, and if you are tall, I will retreat and not drown your grace; If you are low, I will come to make up for your shortcomings. More and more big countries have introduced human factors engineering into their own top-level design.

　　Bridgehead towards deep space

　　When will cars come and go on the moon?

　　Just like Go, when you take a step, you must design the next three to five steps.

　　When people are cheering and screaming for the 2020 space year, China’s manned space flight has started the deep layout of flying to the moon.

　　Why do you choose the moon for deep space? Shanguang Chen said that manned space flight has three main goals: first, exploring the unknown; The second is to develop and utilize space resources; The third is to expand the living space and find a new home. The moon is "the bridgehead for us to go deep into space".

　　In many science fiction novels, water ice, helium 3, important minerals and other resources on the moon are mined by clones and robots and transported back to the earth to serve mankind. So, what will the moon look like? Will there really be cars coming and going like Shanguang Chen said?

　　He believes that our future moon city will be implemented in stages: outpost, semi-permanent base, and then permanent moon home.

　　The moon home is mainly underground buildings, which can use moon soil and moon rock for heat preservation, heat insulation and radiation protection. Using 3D printing, the lunar dust and excavated lunar soil are printed into building materials. Choose a place where underground space is easy to drill and dig, and take Moon Rock as the base radiation bunker.

　　Shanguang Chen’s description is full of wonderful imagination. Perhaps, with the strong support of engineering and other disciplines, it will be close at hand when we have a super-large thrust rocket?

　　But he changed the subject and talked about a "successful failure."

　　At that time, Apollo 13, which flew to the moon, only flew for 55 hours and 46 minutes, and the agitation of the oxygen tank led to the serious explosion of the spacecraft service module. The spacecraft began to lose power, heat and, more importantly, the astronauts lost breathable oxygen.

　　"However, the astronauts used their quick wits to use the Aquarius lunar module as a lifeboat, and finally got rid of the gravity of the moon and returned to Earth safely. This is a successful case of relying on people’s wisdom and exerting people’s role, so it is a successful failure. " Shanguang Chen hopes to use this example to tell everyone that if we want to March to the moon, we must have more advanced human factors engineering concepts and designs.

　　Because human factors engineering is a kind of efficacy discipline based on failure and death.

　　What is a good designer? "Under danger, the system has the ability to play a human role and restore security." Shanguang Chen pointed out that, inspired by the experience of Apollo 13, our lunar module will directly carry the escape module in the future, which will increase the hope of astronauts’ survival.

　　The characteristic of aerospace is that many escape devices have been designed before. For example, when a rocket is launched, there is an escape tower in the atmosphere, and if something happens, it can parachute back to the ground. Therefore, whether you enter the Tiangong capsule or go to the moon in the future, you should put safety and efficiency first.

　　"Through the construction and development of the moon home, mankind will go to deep space, move to Mars, get out of the solar system, inherit the spark and spread human civilization in the vast universe!" Shanguang Chen set his sights on the future.

　　Perhaps looking back in a few years, 2020 is a very important time node for China’s space flight. Such a grand plan is to start from the core module of the space station — — Tianhe, take the first step.

　　(China Youth Daily China Youth Network reporter blocking force)

"Modern Times" stills

Professor of China Ancient History Research Center and History Department, Peking University.??

What does the individual in history mean?

From the perspective of history, why are people "born perfect"?

As an ordinary person, how to compete for the right to interpret the times?

……

Professor of Chinese Department of Peking University

How to recognize people’s passive state?

How can we open the "imagination of humanities" and activate people’s initiative from the inside out?

How can a poem, a novel and a movie help us understand, recognize and change the world?

……

Lecturer, School of Journalism, Renmin University of China

Social networking has brought people closer together. In recent years, with the development of Internet platform economy, people can even be directly "stitched" together like cloth.During the epidemic, when it was impossible to eat in the restaurant, the takeaway staff sewed up a kilometer between the home and the restaurant; When there is no offline activity, the live broadcast sews up the lack of entertainment. In such a society, what marks are left by people as stitched fabrics?

Dong Chenyu, a lecturer at School of Journalism, Renmin University of China, will take us to discuss:

Zhou Feizhou: Does everyone have to be a "social person" unless he is a "social cow" or "social fear"?

Professor and Director of Sociology Department of Peking University.

Modern people have their own cognitive way of "society": being able to communicate with the outside world without fear of being laughed at is a "social cow", and being afraid of communicating with the outside world without being concerned is called "social fear". However, no matter what kind of personality, such a division separates itself from society and forms opposition.

As one of them, obviously we can’t be separated from society, but we are cutting with society all the time.How to truly "enter the society"? How can we be more open to ourselves and others?

Professor Zhou Feizhou, director of the Department of Sociology of Peking University, will share with us:

Wang Min ‘an: In the face of AI, can human beings maintain the potential of "not doing it"?

Professor, Tsinghua University College of Humanities

What can we see when we gaze closely at our time? Climate warming, artificial intelligence, economic turmoil … all contain the possibility of human destruction. We can’t continue to live on the earth, become enslaved objects, and may fall into a new whirlpool at any time. We personally participated in the crisis.

But don’t be swallowed up by the mud and lose the ability to look out. Raise your head and look farther away, where there may be another possibility of saying "no"

Professor Wang Min ‘an from Tsinghua University College of Humanities will take us to discuss:

Born as a human being, we can undoubtedly follow the rhythm of society and March towards the recognized "good life"; But we need to keep our thinking ability and find our own answer to "being human".

May 27th, andTriple readingTogether, the problem is heavy.New spread, towards more dimensions, ask questions.

Typesetting | Susu

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　　The old street is the condensation of the city figure. By the ancient canal, the old street is nourished by thousands of years of running water, and the buildings, streets and lanes are rich in canal characteristics. The traditional skills, customs and customs there also hide the memory of the canal city for thousands of years.

　　On January 10th, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism released a message, and after review, the list of the first batch of state-level tourist and leisure blocks was publicized.Of the 55 selected blocks, 9 are located in cities along the canal.The Qingming Bridge Historical and Cultural Block in Liangxi District of Wuxi City, Pingjiang Historical Block in gusu district City of Suzhou City and Yangliuqing Ancient Town Block in Xiqing District of Tianjin City are all old streets with a long history along the canal.

　　Qianmen Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing

　　Qianmen Street is a very famous commercial street in Beijing. Located in the central axis of Beijing, it starts from Moon Bay at Qianmen in the north, ends at Tianqiao intersection in the south, and is connected with Tianqiao South Street. It is full of the characteristics of the ancient capital and the cultural memory of the old Beijingers. In recent years, Qianmen Street has closely followed the new trend of the times, built a high-quality pedestrian street with Beijing flavor characteristics and modern vitality, created a "Jingweier cultural experiential consumption block", designed and developed the "Qianmen Night Tour Brand", held cultural tourism activities such as "Intangible Cultural Exhibition" and Hutong Light Show, and created an urban tourism and leisure block with distinctive cultural characteristics.

　　Pingjiang Historic Block, gusu district, Suzhou

　　"A Pingjiang Road, half of Suzhou City", it can be said that Pingjiang Road is the epitome of the ancient city of Suzhou. Pingjiang Historic District is about the same age as the Grand Canal in China, with a history of more than 2,500 years. It is the most complete and largest historical block in Suzhou so far. Historically, many literati lived here and left many stories, so there are rich historical sites and cultural landscapes. Today, there are still a large number of ancient buildings, ancient trees, ancient wells, etc. Many residents still retain a very traditional way of life in the water town. They want to experience the Jiangnan life of people with small bridges and flowing water and understand the characteristics of Jiangnan Watertown. It is right to come here.

　　Qingming Bridge Historical and Cultural Block, Liangxi District, Wuxi City

　　Can you not remember Jiangnan, and people will do their best to pillow the river. Wuxi, which is known as the "out-of-print place of the canal, a water alley in the south of the Yangtze River", is rich in canal remains. A famous bridge in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty has made countless people dream of it and become one of the important punching places in the journey. As the essence of the ancient canal in the south of the Yangtze River, the historical and cultural block of Qingming Bridge still retains many original ecological elements, where Bodu Port and the ancient canal meet, and there are many people in the canal. Antique bridges, alleys, authentic and simple customs, and ancient canal scenery have all become attractive points to attract tourists. Nowadays, the renovation project of Qingming Bridge historical and cultural block is progressing in an orderly manner, including building restoration and river bank improvement. In the future, visiting Qingming Bridge will bring visitors a new round of amazing experience.

　　Yangliuqing Ancient Town Block, Xiqing District, Tianjin

　　When you come to Tianjin, you must go to Yangliuqing Ancient Town. It has a long history and profound cultural heritage, integrating folk culture, canal culture and courtyard culture. Fengqing Street in Yangliuqing Ancient Town faces the imposing Wenchang Pavilion in the east, the Shijia Courtyard in the west, and the ancient South Canal in the south. Here, you can visit Shijia Courtyard, enjoy Yangliuqing New Year pictures, and take part in distinctive folk cultural activities, and buy antique Yangliuqing New Year pictures, kites and clay sculptures back home from traditional craftsmen.

　　洛阳市洛阳古城特色文化街区

　　最近，古城都洛阳频繁出圈，一系列和洛阳有关的文化节目和影视剧火爆网络。《唐宫夜宴》、《龙门金刚》、《洛神水赋》……让更多的人，产生了去洛阳古城看一看的想法。如今洛阳古城特色文化街区已形成旅游服务、传统商业、文创产业、生活居住四类功能区，来这里可以吃到当地小吃，可以打卡文创产品体验店，学习流传百年的手工艺，深入体会洛河之畔人家的生活。

　　杭州市上城区清河坊历史文化街区

　　清河坊历史街区是杭州悠久历史的缩影，起源于南宋，这里一度是商业繁华的“黄金地段”。如今的清河坊旧街区保存较完好，这里有众多杭州的百年老店，街区内有国家级文保单位胡庆余堂、钱塘第一井、唐朝天门、于谦故居、胡雪岩故居等景点。如今的清河坊，是“杭州人常来，外地人必到”之处。可以去逛一逛百年老店，欣赏古老建筑，可以在茶楼小馆品一品茶，或是尝尝各类糕点小吃，将杭州美食吃个够。

　　List of 9 national tourist and leisure blocks in cities along the canal

　　Qianmen Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing

　　Taikooli, Sanlitun, Chaoyang District, Beijing

　　Yangliuqing Ancient Town Block, Xiqing District, Tianjin

　　Qingming Bridge Historical and Cultural Block, Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province

　　Pingjiang Historic Block, gusu district, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province

　　Old Bund Block, Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

　　Qinghefang Historical and Cultural Block, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province

　　Historical and Cultural Blocks of Luoyang Ancient City, the Old Town of Luoyang City, Henan Province

　　Dehua Pedestrian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province

　　List of the first batch of national tourist and leisure blocks

　　1. Qianmen Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing

　　2. Taikooli, Sanlitun, Chaoyang District, Beijing

　　3. Yangliuqing Ancient Town Block, Xiqing District, Tianjin

　　4. Jinlong Tourism and Leisure Block, Shuangqiao District, Chengde City, Hebei Province

　　5. Peiren Historical and Cultural Street, lubei district, Tangshan City, Hebei Province

　　6. Leisure living block of Wenlv, Gucheng, Xinfu District, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province

　　7. Saishang Old Street Tourism and Leisure Block, Yuquan District, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

　　8. Zhongjie Tourism and Leisure Block, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

　　9. Baihua Tourism and Leisure Block of Changbai Mountain Management Committee of Jilin Province

　　10.黑龙江省哈尔滨市道里区中央大街步行街

　　11.上海市黄浦区思南公馆街区

　　12.上海市徐汇区武康路-安福路街区

　　13.江苏省南京市秦淮区夫子庙步行街

　　14.江苏省无锡市梁溪区清名桥历史文化街区

　　15.江苏省苏州市姑苏区平江历史街区

　　16.浙江省温州市鹿城区五马历史文化街区

　　17.浙江省宁波市江北区老外滩街区

　　18.浙江省杭州市上城区清河坊历史文化街区

　　19.安徽省合肥市包河区罍街

　　20.安徽省黄山市屯溪区黎阳映巷街区

　　21.福建省福州市鼓楼区三坊七巷历史文化街区

　　22.福建省福州市台江区上下杭历史文化街区

　　23.福建省晋江市五店市传统文化旅游区

　　24.江西省上饶市鄱阳县饶州古镇旅游休闲街区

　　25.江西省赣州市章贡区江南宋城旅游休闲街区

　　26.山东省济南市历下区百花洲历史文化街区

　　27.山东省淄博市周村区古商城历史文化街区

　　28.河南省洛阳市老城区洛阳古城历史文化街区

　　29.河南省郑州市二七区德化步行街

　　30.湖北省襄阳市襄城区襄阳北街

　　31.湖南省长沙市天心区太平街

　　32.湖南省常德市柳叶湖区河街

　　33.广东省潮州市湘桥区牌坊街

　　34. Yongqingfang, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province

　　35. Historical and Cultural Blocks in Dongxi Lane, Xiufeng District, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

　　36. Historical and cultural blocks of old Nanning, Sanjie and Liangxiang, Xingning District, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

　　37. Historical and Cultural Blocks of Qilou Building in Haikou City, Hainan Province

　　38. Dajiu Street Tourism and Leisure Block, Jiangbei District, Chongqing

　　39. Danzishi Old Street in Nan ‘an District, Chongqing

　　40. Ciqikou Block, Shapingba District, Chongqing

　　41. Wuhou Temple Jinli, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

　　42. Kuanzhai Lane, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

　　43. Chunxi Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

　　44. Cultural Pedestrian Street of Zhenyuan Ancient City, zhenyuan county, Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province

　　45. Dayanhua Lane Tourism and Leisure Block, Gucheng District, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province

　　46. Theme Characteristic Block of Lin ‘an Ancient City, Jianshui County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province

　　47. Cijuelin Tibetan Courtyard Style Street, Lhasa City, Xizang Autonomous Region

　　48. Chamacheng Block, Changdu City, Xizang Autonomous Region

　　49. Qinba Old Street, Shiquan County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province

　　50. Lane 13, Bafang, Linxia City, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province

　　51. Tangdao 637 Leisure Travel Pedestrian Street, Chengxi District, Xining City, Qinghai Province

　　52. Huaiyuan Tourism and Leisure Block, Xixia District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

　　53. Dabazha Tourism and Leisure Block, Tianshan District, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

　　54. Liuxing Street Historical and Cultural Block, Yining City, Yili Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

　　55. Xingfu Road Pedestrian Street, Shihezi City, the eighth division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps