A physical examination package with a group purchase price of 1056 yuan has the embarrassment of "finding the disease in the morning and recovering in the afternoon".

　　In November this year, Ms. Chen from Shanghai bought a health check-up package for middle-aged and elderly people with a price of 1056 yuan online, and made an appointment for a physical examination at the store by telephone according to the group purchase instructions. The contents of this physical examination include internal medicine, surgery, tumor markers, 11 items of liver function and 3 items of renal function.

　　"On the website, the cheapest medical examination package is only three or four hundred yuan, the expensive one is 1,500 yuan, and the middle-aged and elderly package of 1,056 yuan is above average." Ms. Chen is 32 years old. She told reporters that she has compared the packages of many well-known medical institutions such as ikang, Mei Nianda Health and Ruici Physical Examination. The price of 1,056 yuan does not belong to the ranks of "low-cost medical examination" in any medical examination center. "I specially chose expensive ones to make the institutions earn enough money, so I should never be cheated again."

　　However, later facts proved that she was wrong.

　　The physical examination report is inconsistent with the examination results of the top three hospitals.

　　During the physical examination, the "doctor" who did the neck B-ultrasound told Ms. Chen that her thyroid was "bad" and had serious inflammation. The B-ultrasound report showed that there was a serious "diffuse echo" in the thyroid gland. The "doctor" reminded Ms. Chen, "Go to Shou Feitai on the first floor and have a blood test of thyroid function. You don’t need to draw blood again, just pay."

　　During the surgical examination, the surgical "doctor" touched the thyroid gland of Ms. Chen’s neck and reminded her again, "You can already feel the nodule here, at least you have thyroiditis. Go to the first floor to pay for it and check the thyroid function."

　　This is not the first time that Ms. Chen has paid for the blood test of "thyroid function" in the United States. Last November, in the same health store, B-ultrasound showed that she had "thyroid nodules". To this end, she paid about 200 yuan’s thyroid function examination fee after the discount.

　　"Every time I say that there is a problem with the thyroid gland, check the function. If the blood is fine, it doesn’t matter." Two blood test reports of Ms. Chen showed that her thyroid function was normal.

　　This year, because of the "diffuse echo" accompanied by thyroid nodules, Ms. Chen went to the endocrinology department of a well-known 3A hospital in Shanghai for re-examination after the physical examination that morning. After introducing her physical examination to the doctor, the doctor gave a diagnosis of "thyroiditis" and asked her to do another B-ultrasound and thyroid function examination in the hospital.

　　This time, the doctor who did the B-ultrasound told her, "Are you thyroiditis? Congratulations, you have recovered. " Ms. Chen once again asked if her thyroid nodules were still there. The doctor of B-ultrasound told her with great certainty: "From the imaging point of view, your thyroid gland is all normal, without nodules and inflammation."

　　The blood test report is also the same result, and everything is normal. "I can’t believe that the surgical experts in the physical examination center in the morning can even find out that I have a big nodule; In the afternoon, the B-ultrasound of the regular hospital showed no nodules. " It is worth noting that when Ms. Chen told her family about her experience, her father, mother, father-in-law and mother-in-law all replied that they had also encountered the above situation. Four elderly people have never had thyroid diseases, and all the medical examination packages use the 1056-yuan beauty health package purchased online by Ms. Chen, and all of them pay for the thyroid function on the spot during the medical examination.

　　A few days ago, the reporter visited the Mei Nianda Health Check-up Center in Shanghai Pudong Changhang Hospital mentioned by Ms. Chen, and saw a long queue for paying fees on the first floor. All the people in the queue buy temporary physical examination items after purchasing the physical examination package, and six of the nine people pay for thyroid function examination.

　　A similar situation occurred in many medical institutions.

　　Coincidentally, the same problem happened to Ms. Lin and her colleagues in Luoyang, Henan Province, and the thyroid function test was the one that broke the problem.

　　"You have a big problem, diffuse thyroid disease." Ms. Lin still remembers the diagnosis given by the B-ultrasound "doctor" on the spot when she was examined at the Mei Nianda Health Physical Examination Center in Luoyang. The situation she encountered was almost exactly the same as that of Ms. Chen in Shanghai. The "doctor" reminded her, "You just took blood, so go and pay the money. You don’t need to take any more blood. Have a test."

　　"At the payment office, I met five or six colleagues who came to add money to do thyroid function (examination). It didn’t feel right." After consulting her brother who works in the county people’s hospital, Ms. Lin gave up the payment and went to the county hospital for re-examination the next day. The hospital B-ultrasound and blood test report showed that Ms. Lin’s thyroid gland was all normal.

　　According to "China Consumer News", in June this year, Ms. Shi, a citizen of Nanjing, found that "the right thyroid nodule is accompanied by calcification, and there is a hypoechoic nodule in the right thyroid lobe, the size is about 10mm×8mm". But later, when Ms. Shi was reexamined in jiangsu province hospital, the B-ultrasound showed that "bilateral thyroid glands were normal in shape, with clear boundaries, smooth surface and normal internal blood flow, and no obvious abnormal lymph images were found in bilateral necks".

　　In response to this problem, the medical examination institution in Nanjing replied that "the doctor was sick and paralyzed and returned to his hometown". In response to the error in the medical report, the person in charge said that "it may be caused by many factors such as doctor technology and medical equipment problems".

　　The reporter noted that the chaos in the medical examination market has already become the focus of public opinion. Previously, the "Analysis Report on the Development Prospects and Investment Forecast of Health Examination Industry" released by Forward-looking Industry Research Institute showed that the health examination industry in China grew to 94 billion yuan with a growth rate of more than 25% in 2015, which was more than twice the growth rate of 29.5 billion yuan in 2010. The compound growth rate of the industry in the five years from 2011 to 2015 reached 21%, which was higher than that of the entire medical service industry. It is estimated that the scale of the health examination market in China will reach in 2018.

　　Do medical institutions earn money by adding items?

　　"Some institutions rely on capital to promote physical examination business. It sells physical examination as a product, collects money by project, and gives commissions according to the total amount of fees." The relevant person in charge of the physical examination center of a public hospital in Shanghai told the reporter that taking the physical examination project of middle-aged and elderly people as an example, the products purchased by private institutions at a price around 1000 yuan may cost 1,200 yuan to 1,300 yuan in public hospitals. "It can’t lose money, so he wants you to add projects, and it is most appropriate to make efforts on the A-level and liver-level."

　　According to the person in charge, thyroid diseases mostly occur in women aged 30-50, and the incidence of liver diseases is higher in men, and both diseases have the characteristics of "B-ultrasound+blood test". "The package of medical institutions generally only contains B-ultrasound examination, and blood test items are purchased on site."

　　The reporter interviewed the relevant person in charge of the Health Marketing Department of Mei Nianda. The person in charge responded that the agency has a strict review system for the customer’s physical examination report, and customers can consult and answer questions by telephone or online according to the process. In response to the question of "adding thyroid function", the person in charge said, "From the perspective of disease screening, thyroid ultrasound and thyroid function are indeed more suitable for combined detection and cannot replace each other."

　　"Thyroid function should be a must-check item, and it is not necessary to have surgery or B-ultrasound abnormalities to do thyroid function (examination)." The person in charge said that the incidence of thyroid-related diseases is relatively high at present, so it is suggested that medical examination consumers list this as a "must-check item".

　　The reporter noted that in recent years, complaints and disputes against private medical institutions have continued. Some people took the medical examination institution to court because the medical examination failed to detect cancer, and some people claimed compensation from the medical examination institution through the Consumers Association because of the malicious addition of the medical examination. "Can’t find the problem, to complain; After finding out the problem, there is no problem after being examined by a regular hospital, and you have to complain. " The person in charge of the medical examination department of the above-mentioned public hospital told the reporter. With the improvement of people’s living standards, physical examination has become an important means of health management for many people to "check out their own pockets" every year. However, physical examination is not a formal treatment after all, and it can only play a role of prompting and reminding. "There will definitely be inaccurate situations, and eventually we will go to a regular hospital for review and follow-up."

　　The 2017 annual report released by Mei Nianda Health in the middle of this year shows that physical examination service is the main business of Mei Nianda Health. In 2017, this business achieved an operating income of 6.142 billion yuan, accounting for 98.54% of the total revenue and a gross profit margin of 46.61%.

　　China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online Reporter Wang Yejie

　　The girl was beaten into a walnut eye by her stepmother. Her stepmother has been detained and her father returned to Qing ‘an from his workplace.

　　Life News May 5 (Reporter Shi Jikai Wen/photo) On the 5th, Life News reported a shocking incident that happened in Qing ‘an County of our province on the 4th: a girl wearing a red scarf had her eyes bruised and swollen like walnuts, and it was suspected that she had been beaten by her stepmother. Netizens uploaded the video to the Internet, causing anger and strong concern among netizens, and the local government was conducting an emergency investigation. On the same day, the reporter conducted a follow-up interview on this matter and learned that the girl’s stepmother Li was suspected of ill-treatment and had been detained in criminal detention.

　　The reporter learned from the Propaganda Department of Qing ‘an County Committee that since the 4th, the WeChat circle of friends and the Internet have forwarded the video of "The girl was abused by her stepmother", and the public security organ of Qing ‘an County acted quickly. After investigation, Li, the stepmother of Tingting, the girl who was beaten, was suspected of abuse and has been criminally detained. At present, the case is under further investigation.

　　Qing ‘an County attached great importance to it, and organized education, public security, women’s federations and other departments to send Tingting, a girl who was beaten, to the hospital for examination and treatment at the first time, and hired a psychologist to give her psychological counseling. After a comprehensive examination, Tingting’s injury is mainly eyelid hematoma. At present, the degree of eyelid hematoma has gradually decreased, and she has recovered well and her mood is stable. She will continue to stay in hospital for observation and treatment. Tingting’s father has returned to Qing ‘an from his working place, and school teachers and women’s Federation cadres are accompanying him throughout the hospital.

　　Video reproduction: when passers-by and stepmother face children, they have different opinions

　　On the afternoon of the 5th, the reporter rushed to the scene to see that the front of the toll hall displayed in the video background on the 4th was in front of the toll hall of Qing ‘an Water Supply Company, and the scene was only more than 50 meters away from the gate of the first primary school in Qing ‘an County. It is also a large open-air activity square in the local area. Usually, there are many residents who relax and exercise here every day. At the time of the incident, the school was at noon, and many parents and passers-by who picked up the children saw the girl who was badly beaten. At that time, they were all shocked. Someone also showed the reporter a video that was not published on the Internet on the 4th, in which a passerby asked the child who hit her, and the child said it was her stepmother. When the police arrived, they asked who hit her in front of her stepmother, and the girl said that she had fallen. At the same time, some people provided video footage of their stepmother being taken away by relevant departments.

　　Residents are angry: "How can I die? ！”

　　Onlookers at the scene mentioned that the child was beaten in Yu Nu. Some people said angrily that the relevant departments must deal with this matter seriously. If the child is so young, who can get such a cruel hand? If the child’s biological parents are not around, you can’t beat the child like this. They are all parents, even if the children are not sensible, they should not abuse their children like this!

　　Others said that the poor girl must be saved, and she must not be tortured like this again. Even if the child is sent to the welfare department, she must not suffer like this again. I don’t know how many beatings this weak girl has suffered at ordinary times. Looking at the injury on the child’s face, an aunt said with tears, my heart is as painful as a knife, and the child is innocent. I hope caring people can help her.

　　Onlookers: Tingting usually studies hard.

　　At the scene, a number of children playing here told reporters that they knew the girl who was beaten. She was named Tingting in a class of two years. She usually studied very hard and got good grades. It’s just that the situation at home is quite special. My father is not around, and it’s not my mother who drives her to and from school. She is also relatively thin, and her classmates are very kind to her at ordinary times. After she was beaten in hospital this time, not only her classmates were distressed, but also her parents were very angry. Some parents at the scene told reporters that the 5th is a weekend and the second grade is a low school year, so there are not many people. If you ask your child about being beaten after school at ordinary times, many parents will be anxious, and no child will be willing to fight like this.

　　School: the head teacher takes care of the children in the hospital for one night.

　　In the first primary school in Qing ‘an County, the teacher on duty told the reporter that after the incident on the 4th, the teacher in charge of the class who was beaten the child had been taking care of her in the hospital. For fear that the students will have any psychological problems, the head teacher stayed up almost all night and was guarding the hospital. The teacher loves his students dearly and doesn’t want to hurt his students. The teacher is also very puzzled and angry about the students being beaten like this.

　　Diagnosis: The girl suffered multiple injuries.

　　The reporter saw on the medical list presented by the hospital that Tingting’s diagnosis was: head, face and eyes trauma. The reporter found the doctor on duty in the department and learned that the girl’s injury was caused by trauma. Whether the eyes and other injured parts have an impact on the body needs further observation. At the same time, the reporter learned from the nurse station that there were no drug treatment items such as intravenous drip after the evening of the 5 th.

　　Women’s Federation: 5 "loving mothers" accompany children

　　Liu Juanjuan, chairman of Qing ‘an Women’s Federation, told reporters that protecting the legitimate rights and interests of women and children is the responsibility and obligation of women’s federations. On the 4th, five "loving mothers" of the Women’s Federation have been accompanying their children for psychological counseling, as well as the children’s head teacher and another teacher who is also here to care for the children.

　　On the morning of the 5th, the "loving mothers" also made a new braid for returning their children, and now the children are in a good mood.

　　Ward: There are many young men guarding the door.

　　The reporter rushed to the People’s Hospital of Qing ‘an County, and saw in front of the general surgery ward on the 6th floor that there were many young men guarding the entrance of the female inpatient ward. Except for the local women’s Federation, education, public security and government personnel, all others are forbidden to enter. In addition, it is forbidden to bring mobile phones into the room, and it is forbidden to take pictures in the ward. The left and right rooms of the ward are also used as temporary rooms for family members and staff of relevant departments to rest and use.

　　Family members: When the child was 3 years old, his biological mother died and his stepmother cared for him for many years.

　　The reporter found Yang Defeng, the uncle of Tingting, the girl who was beaten. He introduced the situation of the girl’s family to the reporter. At the age of 10, she had a hard life. Her biological mother died of illness when she was 3 years old. My 42-year-old brother is a farmer who lives in a nearby rural area. He usually makes a living by doing odd jobs, and his living conditions at home are not very good. In recent years, I have been doing odd jobs such as transplanting rice seedlings and planting rice in the countryside around Qiqihar, and I can’t earn a few dollars. My younger brother and my current daughter-in-law got married in 2014. My younger brother-in-law is a native of this county and has a history of marriage.

　　My sister-in-law seems to have been good to her children in recent years. From kindergarten to kindergarten, she has been picking up and dropping off her children by bike for two years, including primary school. The family thinks that the younger brother’s daughter-in-law is quite good for the children, so the younger brother can rest assured that he will go out to work for a long time to earn money to support his family and send his children to school. Usually, although I have heard that my brother-in-law has beaten the child, my family didn’t expect to beat the child like this! This time, when the younger brother comes back, the family has to discuss what the child should do in the future.

According to the website of the General Administration of Customs, in order to correctly determine the origin of import and export goods under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia and promote economic and trade exchanges between China and Cambodia, the General Administration of Customs has formulated the Measures for the Administration of the Origin of Import and Export Goods under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs. It is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of January 1, 2022.

　　If the consignee of imported goods or his agent applies for enjoying the tax rate under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia when the goods are imported, he shall go through the customs declaration formalities in accordance with the relevant provisions of Announcement No.34 of the General Administration of Customs in 2021. When filling in the column of "Preferential Trade Agreement Benefits" in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Import (Export) Goods Declaration Form, the code "23" should be filled in the column of "Preferential Trade Agreement Code".

Measures of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs on the Administration of the Origin of Import and Export Goods under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia

　　Article 1 In order to correctly determine the origin of import and export goods under the Free Trade Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Royal Government of Cambodia (hereinafter referred to as the China-Cambodia FTA) and promote economic and trade exchanges between China and Cambodia, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Customs Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Customs Law), the Regulations on the Origin of Import and Export Goods of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the China-Cambodia FTA.

　　Article 2 These Measures shall apply to the origin management of import and export goods under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement between China and Cambodia.

　　Article 3 Goods that meet one of the following conditions are original goods under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as original goods) and have the original qualification under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as original qualification):

　　(a) completely obtained or produced in China or Cambodia;

　　(two) in China or Cambodia, the original materials that meet the requirements of these measures are completely used for production;

　　(3) Made of non-native materials in China or Cambodia;

　　1. Belonging to the scope of application of Annex 1 to these Measures, and conforming to the corresponding tariff classification changes, regional value components, manufacturing and processing procedures or other provisions;

　　2 does not belong to the scope of application of Annex 1 to these Measures, but meets one of the following conditions:

　　(1) The regional value component calculated by the formula listed in Article 7 of these Measures shall not be less than 40% of the FOB price of goods;

　　(2) Articles 25, 26, 28, 29 (except 29.01 and 29.02), 31 (except 31.05) and 39 (except 39.01, 39.02, 39.03, 39.07 and 39.08) of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Import and Export Tariff (hereinafter referred to as the Tariff). 49、57— 59、61、62、64、66— 71、73— 83、86、88、91— After the goods and non-original materials under Chapter 97 were manufactured or processed, the four-level tariff classification changed.

　　When the specific rules of origin of products under the China-Cambodia FTA listed in Annex 1 change, the General Administration of Customs will make a separate announcement.

　　Article 4 The goods "completely obtained or produced in China or Cambodia" as mentioned in Article 3 of these Measures refer to:

　　(1) Plants and plant products (including fruits, flowers, vegetables, trees, algae, fungi and living plants) planted, harvested, picked or collected in China or Cambodia;

　　(2) Live animals born and raised in China or Cambodia;

　　(3) Products obtained from live animals mentioned in Item (2) of this article in China or Cambodia without further processing, including milk, eggs, natural honey, hair, wool, semen and feces;

　　(4) Goods obtained by hunting, trapping, fishing, aquaculture, gathering or catching in China or Cambodia;

　　(5) Minerals and other natural resources extracted or obtained from the territory, territorial waters and seabed of China or Cambodia and not included in Items (1) to (4) of this article;

　　(6) Products extracted from waters, seabed or subsoil outside the territorial waters of China or Cambodia, which the Cambodian side has the right to develop;

　　(7) Fish and other marine products caught by ships registered in China or Cambodia and flying its national flag in waters outside the territorial waters of that country;

　　(8) Goods processed and manufactured entirely with the goods mentioned in Items (4) and (7) of this article on processing vessels registered in China or Cambodia and flying its national flag;

　　(9) Wastes and scraps produced in the process of manufacturing, processing or consumption in China or Cambodia and only applicable to the recycling of raw materials;

　　(10) Old goods that are consumed and collected in China or Cambodia and are only applicable to the recycling of raw materials;

　　(11) Goods produced entirely from the goods mentioned in Items (1) to (10) of this article in China or Cambodia.

　　Article 5 Goods that meet the requirements of Item 3 of Paragraph 1 of Article 3 of these Measures, if the non-original materials used in production are only processed or treated by one or more of the following in the Member, the goods still do not have the qualification of origin:

　　(1) Protective operations to ensure that the goods are kept in good condition during transportation or storage;

　　(2) Packaging or display for the transportation or sale of goods;

　　(3) Simple processing, including filtering, screening, selecting, sorting, sharpening, cutting, slitting, grinding, bending, winding or unfolding;

　　(4) Sticking or printing marks, labels, logos and other similar distinguishing marks on the goods or their packages;

　　(five) only diluted with water or other substances, without substantially changing the characteristics of the goods;

　　(6) Disassembling products into parts;

　　(7) Slaughtering animals;

　　(eight) simple painting and polishing;

　　(9) Simply peeling, coring or shelling;

　　(10) Simply mixing products, regardless of whether they are different kinds of products.

　　The "simplicity" as mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to the situation that no special skills are needed and no machinery, instruments or equipment are specially produced or assembled.

　　Article 6 Where materials originating in China or Cambodia are used in the production of another goods within the territory of the other party, the materials shall be regarded as the original materials of the other party.

　　Article 7 The "regional value component" specified in Item (3) of Paragraph 1 of Article 3 of these Measures shall be calculated according to the following formula:

　　Regional value component = FOB price – Non-original material price × 100%

　　free on board

　　Among them, "the price of non-original materials" refers to the import cost of non-original materials, the freight and insurance premium to the destination port or place determined in accordance with the WTO Valuation Agreement, including the price of materials of unknown origin. When the non-original materials are obtained in China or Cambodia, the paid or payable price of the non-original materials should be determined as early as possible in China or Cambodia according to the transaction price determined in the WTO Valuation Agreement, excluding the freight, insurance, packaging and any other expenses for transporting the non-original materials from the supplier’s warehouse to the manufacturer’s place.

　　When calculating the regional value composition of goods according to the first paragraph of this article, the price of non-original materials does not include the price of non-original materials used in the production process to produce original materials.

　　Article 8 For goods subject to the requirements of tariff classification change under the China-Cambodia FTA, if the non-original materials used in the production process do not meet the requirements of tariff classification change, but meet all other applicable provisions of these Measures and meet one of the following conditions, they shall be regarded as original goods:

　　(1) Article 50 of the Tariff & mdash; For the goods in Chapter 63, the weight of all non-original materials used in the production of the goods without the required tariff classification change shall not exceed 10% of the total weight of the goods, or the price determined in accordance with Article 7 of these Measures shall not exceed 10% of the FOB price of the goods;

　　(2) Article 50 of the Tariff & mdash; For goods outside Chapter 63, the price of all non-original materials used in the production of goods without the required tariff classification change determined in accordance with Article 7 of these Measures shall not exceed 10% of the FOB price of the goods.

　　Article 9 The packaging materials and containers used to protect goods during transportation shall not affect the determination of the origin of goods.

　　Where the origin of the goods is determined according to the requirements of regional value composition under the China-Cambodia FTA, and the packaging materials and containers for retail use are classified together with the goods, the prices of the packaging materials and containers for retail use shall be calculated according to the prices of the original materials or non-original materials included in their respective origins.

　　Where the change of tariff classification under China-Cambodia FTA requires the determination of the origin of goods, and the packaging materials and containers for retail use are classified together with the goods, the origin of the packaging materials and containers for retail use does not affect the determination of the origin of goods.

　　Article 10 When calculating the regional value component of goods subject to the requirements of China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement, if the accessories, spare parts or tools declared for import together with the goods are classified together with the goods in the Customs Tariff, and no separate invoice is issued, the prices of the accessories, spare parts or tools shall be calculated according to their respective countries of origin.

　　Where the change of tariff classification under the China-Cambodia FTA requires the determination of the origin of goods, if the accessories, spare parts or tools declared for import together with the goods are classified together with the goods in the Tariff and no separate invoice is issued, the origin of the accessories, spare parts or tools will not affect the determination of the origin of goods.

　　The quantity and price of accessories, spare parts and tools mentioned in the first and second paragraphs of this article shall be within a reasonable range.

　　Article 11 When determining whether the goods are goods of origin, the origin of the following neutral components shall not be considered:

　　(1) Fuel, energy, catalyst and solvent;

　　(2) Equipment, devices and articles used for testing or inspecting goods;

　　(3) Gloves, glasses, shoes and boots, clothes, safety equipment and articles;

　　(4) Tools, molds and moulds;

　　(five) spare parts and materials used to maintain equipment and buildings;

　　(6) Lubricants, oils (greases), synthetic materials and other materials used in production or for operating equipment and maintaining factory buildings;

　　(seven) other goods used in the production process of the goods but not constituting the components of the goods.

　　Article 12 When determining the origin of goods, interchangeable materials that are commercially interchangeable and have the same nature and cannot be distinguished by visual observation alone shall be distinguished by any of the following methods:

　　(1) Physical separation of materials;

　　(2) Inventory management methods recognized by generally accepted accounting standards of exporters. This inventory management method should be used continuously for at least one fiscal year.

　　Article 13 Goods of origin transported from the exporter to the importer shall retain their original qualification if they meet one of the following conditions:

　　(1) Not passing through other countries (regions);

　　(two) via other countries (regions), but at the same time meet the following conditions:

　　1. Goods passing through these countries or regions are only due to geographical reasons or transportation needs;

　　2. Not entering these countries or regions for trade or consumption;

　　3. When the goods pass through these countries or regions, the goods have not been treated in their territory except for loading and unloading, re-loading and unloading, or other treatments needed to keep the goods in good condition.

　　Article 14 The valid certificate of origin under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement as stipulated in these Measures shall meet the following requirements:

　　(a) issued by an authorized institution in China or Cambodia;

　　(2) Having a unique certificate number;

　　(3) The basis for indicating that the goods have the qualification of origin;

　　(four) issued by the visa agency of the exporting member, with the authorized signature and seal of the visa agency;

　　(five) in accordance with the format listed in Annex 2 of these Measures, filled in English and signed and sealed by the exporter;

　　(six) the certificate of origin is valid for 12 months from the date of issuance.

　　The certificate of origin shall be issued before or at the time of shipment; If it cannot be issued before or at the time of shipment due to force majeure, it can be issued within 3 days after shipment.

　　Article 15 If it is impossible to apply for the issuance of the certificate of origin within the time limit stipulated in Article 14 of these Measures due to non-subjective intentional errors, negligence or other reasonable reasons, the visa agencies in China or Cambodia may reissue the certificate within 12 months from the date of shipment of the goods upon the application of the exporter. The reissued certificate of origin shall indicate the reissue.

　　Article 16 If the certificate of origin is stolen, lost or damaged, the exporter may apply in writing to the visa agency in China or Cambodia to issue a copy of the certificate of origin marked "CERTIFIED TRUE COPY" within the validity period of the original certificate.

　　A certified copy of the certificate of origin shall have the same number and date of issue as the original certificate of origin, and shall be regarded as the original certificate of origin.

　　Article 17 The certificate of origin shall not be altered or overprinted. If there is any change in the project, the exporter or manufacturer shall apply to the certificate of origin certification authority and provide the corresponding certification materials. The certification authority will modify the certificate of origin, affix the seal or correction seal of the certification authority to prove it, and cross out the blank parts.

　　Article 18 The agreed tax rate of China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement can be applied to imported goods with the qualification of origin.

　　Article 19 Where the consignee of imported goods or its agent applies for applying the tax rate under the China-Cambodia FTA for imported goods of origin, it shall declare in accordance with the relevant provisions of the General Administration of Customs and handle it with the following documents:

　　(1) A valid certificate of origin issued by the Cambodian visa agency (see Annex 2 for the format), except for the exemption from submitting the certificate of origin as stipulated in Article 20 of these Measures;

　　(2) Commercial invoice of the goods;

　　(three) the whole transport documents of the goods.

　　Where goods are transported to China through other countries or regions, documents issued by the customs of other countries or regions or other documents recognized by the customs shall be submitted.

　　If the transport documents mentioned in Item (3) of Paragraph 1 of this Article submitted by the consignee of imported goods or his agent can meet the relevant provisions on direct transport, it is not necessary to submit the supporting documents mentioned in Paragraph 2 of this Article.

　　Article 20 If the FOB price of the original goods imported in the same batch does not exceed US$ 200, the consignee of the imported goods or his agent may be exempted from submitting the certificate of origin when applying for the tax rate under the China-Cambodia FTA.

　　In order to avoid the provisions of these measures, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to the declaration of imported goods.

　　Article 21 Unless otherwise stipulated by the General Administration of Customs, if the country of origin declares the imported goods as Cambodia, and the consignee or his agent fails to obtain a valid certificate of origin before the goods go through customs formalities, he shall make a supplementary declaration to the customs as to whether the imported goods are qualified for Cambodia (see Annex 3).

　　If the consignee of imported goods or his agent makes a supplementary declaration to the customs in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of this article that the imported goods have Cambodian origin qualification and provides tax guarantee, the customs shall go through the import formalities according to law, except that the guarantee is not allowed according to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations. Where a tax guarantee equivalent to the maximum amount of tax that the goods may bear has been submitted due to reasons such as early release, it shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions of this paragraph on providing tax guarantee.

　　Article 22 In order to determine the authenticity and accuracy of the certificate of origin, to determine the origin qualification of imported goods, or to determine whether the imported goods meet other requirements stipulated in these Measures, the customs may carry out origin verification in the following ways:

　　(1) Requiring the consignee of imported goods or their agents, the consignor of exported goods or their agents and manufacturers to provide information and materials related to the origin of goods and the issuance of certificates of origin;

　　(2) Require the relevant Cambodian authorities to verify the authenticity of the certificate of origin and the origin qualification of the goods, and provide relevant information of the exporter or manufacturer and the goods when necessary;

　　(3) Other procedures agreed by the customs of both parties.

　　When necessary, the customs may conduct on-the-spot verification on overseas exporters or producers with the consent of the relevant competent authorities in Cambodia, or conduct verification by other means agreed with the relevant competent authorities in Cambodia.

　　While waiting for the verification results, the customs may, at the application of the consignee of imported goods or his agent, handle the guarantee release according to law, except in cases where the guarantee release is not allowed according to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.

　　Article 23 Under any of the following circumstances, the customs shall go through the formalities for returning the secured property and rights according to law:

　　(1) The consignee of imported goods or its agent has made supplementary declaration to the customs in accordance with the provisions of these Measures and submitted a valid certificate of origin under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement;

　　(2) The results of customs verification are sufficient to confirm the qualification of origin of the goods.

　　Article 24 Under any of the following circumstances, the tariff rate agreed in the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement shall not apply to the imported goods:

　　(1) The consignee of imported goods or his agent fails to apply for the application of the tax rate under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 of these Measures, and fails to make supplementary declaration in accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of these Measures;

　　(two) the goods do not have the qualification of Cambodian origin;

　　(three) the certificate of origin does not conform to the provisions of these measures;

　　(four) the goods listed in the certificate of origin are inconsistent with the actual imported goods;

　　(5) Within 270 days from the date of submitting the request for origin verification, the customs has not received the verification feedback from the relevant Cambodian institutions, or the feedback results do not contain enough information to determine the authenticity of the certificate of origin or the true origin of the goods;

　　(six) the consignee of imported goods or his agent has other acts that do not comply with the relevant provisions of these measures.

　　Article 25 Shippers of export goods and their agents, domestic producers and their agents who have filed with the enterprises of origin (hereinafter referred to as applicants) may apply to Chinese visa agencies for issuing certificates of origin.

　　Article 26 The applicant shall apply for the issuance of a certificate of origin before the shipment of the goods, and at the same time submit materials to prove the qualification of the origin of the goods. The applicant shall be responsible for the authenticity, completeness and accuracy of the materials submitted.

　　Twenty-seventh visa agencies shall examine the materials submitted by the applicant, and issue certificates of origin if they meet the requirements of these measures; If it does not conform to the provisions of these measures, it shall decide not to issue a certificate of origin, notify the applicant in writing and explain the reasons.

　　When conducting audit, the visa agency may verify the origin qualification of the goods in the following ways:

　　(a) require the applicant to provide supplementary information and materials related to the qualification of the origin of the goods;

　　(2) On-the-spot verification of the production equipment, processing procedures, raw materials and spare parts of export goods, the country (region) of origin, and the instructions, packages, trademarks, marks and marks of origin of export goods;

　　(3) consulting and copying relevant contracts, invoices, account books and other relevant materials.

　　Article 28 At the request of the relevant competent authorities in Cambodia, the customs may verify the origin of export goods in the following ways:

　　(a) require the applicant to provide supplementary information and materials related to the qualification of the origin of the goods;

　　(2) On-the-spot verification of the production equipment, processing procedures, raw materials and spare parts of export goods, the country (region) of origin, and the instructions, packages, trademarks, marks and marks of origin of export goods;

　　(3) consulting and copying relevant contracts, invoices, account books and other relevant materials.

　　Article 29 When declaring export goods, the consignor of export goods and his agent shall fill in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Declaration Form for Export Goods in accordance with the customs declaration provisions.

　　Article 30 If the goods originating in Cambodia are exhibited in China and sold to China during or after the exhibition, and the following conditions are met, the tax rate under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement can be applied:

　　(1) The exporter has transported the products from Cambodia to China and exhibited them in China;

　　(2) After the goods were sent to the exhibition, they were not used for other purposes except for exhibition;

　　(3) The goods are under customs supervision during the exhibition.

　　When the above-mentioned exhibition goods are declared for import, the consignee or his agent shall submit the certificate of origin of the goods to the customs, indicating the name and address of the exhibition, and relevant documents proving that the goods conform to the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 13 of these Measures.

　　The above-mentioned goods exported to Cambodia can apply for a certificate of origin from the visa agency. If the above requirements are met, the tax rate under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement can be applied in Cambodia.

　　Article 31 The consignor and manufacturer of export goods applying for the certificate of origin shall, within three years from the date of issuing the certificate of origin, keep the documents and records that can fully prove the qualification of the goods.

　　The consignee of imported goods subject to the tariff rate under the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement shall, within three years from the date of customs clearance of the goods, keep the documents and records that can fully prove the original qualification of the goods.

　　The issuing institution shall keep the application materials of the certificate of origin within 3 years from the date of issuance of the certificate of origin.

　　The above-mentioned documents and records can be saved in electronic or paper form.

　　Article 32 The meanings of the following terms in these Measures:

　　(1) "Aquaculture" refers to the cultivation of aquatic organisms including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, other aquatic invertebrates and aquatic plants starting from embryos such as eggs, fry, fish worms and fish eggs. Intervene in the feeding or growth process by orderly raising, feeding or preventing predation by carnivores, so as to increase the yield;

　　(2) "Generally accepted accounting standards" refers to the accounting standards, agreed opinions or substantive authoritative support of one party in recording income, expenditure, cost, assets and liabilities, information disclosure and preparation of financial statements. The above guidelines include not only general guiding principles that are generally applicable, but also detailed standards, practices and procedures;

　　(3) "Material" refers to any substance used in the production of goods, which forms a part of another goods in physical form or goods used in the production process of another goods;

　　(4) "Original materials" or "original goods" refer to materials or goods that are qualified for origin according to the provisions of these Measures;

　　(5) "Production" refers to the method of obtaining goods, including planting, feeding, mining, harvesting, fishing, aquaculture, farming, trapping, hunting, capturing, collecting, breeding, extracting, manufacturing, producing, processing or assembling goods;

　　(6) The WTO Valuation Agreement refers to the Agreement on the Implementation of Article VII of the 1994 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which is an integral part of the Marrakesh Agreement on the Establishment of the World Trade Organization;

　　(7) "Non-original goods" or "non-original materials" refer to goods or materials that do not have the qualification of origin according to the provisions of these Measures, and goods or materials with unknown origin;

　　(8) "Neutral component" refers to the goods that are used in the production of another goods and do not constitute the components of the goods themselves;

　　(9) "Visa Agency" refers to an agency designated or authorized by a member to issue certificates of origin and notified to another member in accordance with the provisions of the China-Cambodia FTA. Directly under the Customs, under the Customs, China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and its local branches are visa agencies in China;

　　(10) "Competent Authority" refers to one or more government agencies designated by the member and notified to another member in accordance with the provisions of the China-Cambodia FTA.

　　Article 33 The General Administration of Customs shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.

　　Article 34 These Measures shall come into force as of January 1, 2022.

He Xiaopeng, sitting under the stage, must have mixed feelings when he saw that Xiaomi SU7 got 50,000 orders in 27 minutes. He Xiaopeng, Li Xiang and Li Bin came to Xiaomi’s conference together, but their mentality was totally different.

He Xiaopeng and Lei Jun are good friends, and even from a certain point of view, Lei Jun is his Bole and benefactor. Over the years, he reciprocated and helped Lei Jun make a lot of money, whether UC was sold to Ali or listed in Xpeng Motors. Even Xiaomi was encouraged to make a car to some extent.

But he has another identity, that is, the founder and major shareholder of Xpeng Motors. In 2023, Xpeng Motors managed to sell 140,000 sets, and the cumulative sales exceeded 400,000. After so many years of hard work, He Xiaopeng scored 140,000 yuan a year.

However, Lei Jun got an order for 50,000 units in 27 minutes. This is equivalent to one-third of Tucki’s annual sales. Xiaomi Automobile is Xpeng Motors’s direct competitor, and it is estimated that many orders from Tucki will be cut out of this 50,000 order. He Xiaopeng must be happy for Lei Jun from the bottom of his heart. Even he is one of Xiaomi’s shareholders. Xiaomi Automobile has done well, and he is also a winner. But from another angle, he is probably worried about his Tucki.

Xpeng Motors lost more than 10 billion yuan in 2023, and they have not turned losses into profits since its establishment. Today, among the new forces, LI has successfully achieved tens of billions of profits last year. However, Tucki is still losing money, and now Tucki’s sales have been widened by LI.

For He Xiaopeng, he could not have built a car. After selling UC in 2014, he has achieved wealth freedom. Ali spent more than $4 billion to win UC in He Xiaopeng. He Xiaopeng was only 35 years old this year.

When He Xiaopeng couldn’t find financing, Lei Jun sent $1 million at a critical moment. Lei Jun’s $1 million not only helped He Xiaopeng, but also earned him billions later.

UC in He Xiaopeng ushered in a big explosion in the era of smart phones, which once had hundreds of millions of users. At that time, Tencent had got the traffic portal of WeChat, and Ali had to buy UC at a high price in order to get another ticket.

After that, He Xiaopeng invested a lot of stocks in the secondary market, which he once revealed, and he made a lot of money at that time. He once said that he bought a lot of things to enjoy, bought a new house for his parents at home, and even bought a yacht himself.

If He Xiaopeng doesn’t start his own business, his wealth will be spent for 100 years. However, after that, He Xiaopeng made the idea of starting a business again, and chose to build a car with great difficulty.

He Xiaopeng gambled almost all his fortune to build a car. You know, building a car is a very complicated thing. Xiaomi is building a car now, and Xpeng Motors will build a car 15 years ago, which is totally different. At that time, the whole industrial chain was underdeveloped.

Now, from batteries and motors to lidar, the whole industrial chain has developed rapidly. When Xiaomi went public in 18 years, He Xiaopeng once invested $100 million in Xiaomi to support Lei Jun.

In fact, after He Xiaopeng founded Xpeng Motors, Lei Jun also invested in Xpeng Motors twice. However, when Xpeng Motors went public in 2020, Lei Jun sold his shares.

Now the launch of Xiaomi SU7 in the market is also a great boost for the whole new energy vehicle. Since the beginning of this year, BYD’s substantial price reduction has directly impacted the joint venture brand. According to the experience of the mobile phone market, it is estimated that the China automobile market will be dominated by the China brand within five years.

However, for China automobile brands, the line of life and death is no longer in the domestic market, but in the international market. It is not a simple matter for Apple to give up making cars. At the same time, the United States also imposed tariffs on China’s electric vehicles. This means that European and American countries have begun to encircle China’s electric vehicles.

On the one hand, if China electric vehicles want to make a difference in the international market in the future, the first one needs to constantly improve technology and quality, and the second one needs to face political risks. This electric car war will affect the economic development of China in the next few decades.

Editor in charge:

　　Xinhua News Agency, Berlin, November 16 (Reporter Ren Pengfei Huang Yan) Dream and Dream Yuan, the first pair of German-born giant panda twins, entered a one-month isolation period this week to make final preparations for returning to China.

　　A few days ago, the reporter saw in the Panda Garden of Berlin Zoo that in a glass activity room, my brother Mengyuan was eating fresh bamboo, and my brother Mengyuan climbed up the wooden platform next to him to take a nap after eating.

　　Colvin Schmohl, the zookeeper of giant pandas, said that he was fully prepared for their departure when he learned that they were about to bid farewell to Berlin, and their new home was great, so he was both sad and happy for them.

　　At present, Berlin Zoo is the only place in Germany where you can visit giant pandas. After official website released the news that "Dream" and "Dream Circle" were about to return to China, the garden received many applications for tourist consultation and media interviews. Luca Moline, an Italian living in Berlin, came to visit the giant panda twins when she learned that they were about to return to China. "This is my first time to see pandas up close. They are very cute."

　　In June 2017, Mengmeng, a female panda, and Jiao Qing, a male panda, flew from Chengdu, Sichuan to Berlin Zoo, the oldest zoo in Germany, and began their 15-year sojourn. To this end, the garden has specially built a "Panda Garden" covering an area of nearly 5,500 square meters. In 2019, 6-year-old Mengmeng gave birth to twins "Dream" and "Dream Circle", which coincided with the 175th anniversary of the establishment of Berlin Zoo. This pair of giant panda babies was regarded as a "wonderful gift".

　　According to the giant panda protection research cooperation agreement signed by Berlin Zoo and china wildlife conservation association, Dream and Dream Yuan will return to China after living in Berlin for up to four years.

　　BEIJING, March 28th (Reporter Qiu Yu, Cheng Chunyu) China is the largest express delivery country in the world. In 2017, the express delivery business exceeded 40 billion pieces, and it is expected to grow at a rate of about 10 billion pieces every year. In the process of rapid development, the express delivery industry is faced with some problems such as nonstandard market operation order and unclear service rules.

　　Recently, China’s first administrative regulation specifically for the express delivery industry, the Provisional Regulations on Express Delivery (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations"), came into effect on May 1, 2018. In view of the privacy protection of the sender and how to claim compensation after the lost express mail, it has been clearly stipulated.

　　real-name system (for a service)

　　— — Express delivery companies with false identity information may not accept and send them.

　　Express delivery to real-name registration system means that the sender needs to show his ID card and register personal information, which was officially implemented at the end of 2015.

　　The "Regulations" further clarify that enterprises engaged in express delivery business should check the identity of the sender and register identity information when receiving and sending express mail. If the sender refuses to provide identity information or provides false identity information, the enterprise engaged in express delivery business shall not accept and send it.

　　secret protection

　　— — The maximum fine for revealing the sender’s privacy is 100 thousand

　　Express delivery to real-name registration system has become one of the measures to ensure the safety of express parcels, but at the same time it has caused people’s concerns about privacy.

　　In this regard, the "Regulations" stipulate that no unit or individual may illegally inspect other people’s express mail except that the relevant departments inspect it according to law. No unit or individual may open, conceal, destroy or resell other people’s express mail without permission. Enterprises engaged in express delivery business and their employees shall not sell, disclose or illegally provide user information known in the process of express delivery service, and the maximum penalty is 100,000 yuan if the circumstances are serious.

　　"To fully implement real-name registration system, we must solve two problems." Liu Junhai, director of the Institute of Commercial Law of Renmin University of China, said that the first is to ensure the traceability of the sender’s information, and the second is to protect the privacy of consumers. If the consumer’s information is not fully protected, it will be difficult to promote it in real-name registration system.

　　Network stop

　　— — Suspend service, and properly handle undelivered express mail.

　　On holidays, due to the return of a large number of couriers, some courier companies will have the problem of network shutdown and backlog of express mail. How to ensure the quality and timeliness of express delivery service?

　　The "Regulations" pointed out that the state encourages enterprises engaged in express delivery business to provide users with normal express delivery services according to the actual situation of business volume changes during holidays.

　　At the same time, it is clear that if an enterprise operating express delivery business or its branches suspend express delivery service due to force majeure or other special reasons, it should report to the postal administration department in time, announce the reasons and time limit for suspension of service to the public, and properly handle undelivered express mail according to law.

　　Damage claim

　　— — You can ask the enterprise or service enterprise to which the express waybill belongs for compensation.

　　In the course of delivery, disputes caused by damage or loss of express mail often occur. In August 2017, China Consumers Association collected opinions on the "Provisional Regulations on Express Delivery (Draft for Comment)" and found that consumers are most concerned about the compensation for lost or damaged express delivery.

　　With regard to claims, the Regulations stipulate that if the legitimate rights and interests of users are damaged due to delay, loss, damage or shortage of internal parts, users may demand compensation from the enterprise to which the trademark, name or express waybill belongs, or from the enterprise that actually provides express service.

　　In addition, if the express mail is delayed, lost, damaged or the internal parts are short, the liability for compensation for the insured express mail shall be determined in accordance with the insured rules agreed between the express delivery enterprise and the sender; For uninsured express mail, the liability for compensation shall be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of civil law. Encourage insurance companies to develop liability insurance for express loss, and encourage enterprises engaged in express delivery business to insure.

　　End dispatch

　　— — Encourage enterprises to share facilities and promote intelligent express cabinets.

　　The emergence of intelligent express cabinets allows office workers not to worry about no one receiving goods at home, and couriers can also avoid a trip in vain. The courier can put the express mail in the cabinet and notify the user by SMS, providing 24-hour self-service pick-up service.

　　The "Regulations" clearly encourage multiple enterprises engaged in express delivery business to share terminal service facilities and provide users with convenient express terminal services.

　　In addition, there are many high technologies in the express delivery industry, such as sorting robots, drones to deliver express delivery, and mobile phone software that can know the location and delivery time of couriers in real time.

　　The "Regulations" propose to encourage and guide enterprises engaged in express delivery business to adopt advanced technology, and promote the popularization and application of automated sorting equipment, mechanized loading and unloading equipment, intelligent terminal service facilities, express electronic waybills and express information management systems.

　　Express vehicle

　　— — Local authorities shall not prohibit the passage according to law.

　　It is difficult for express vehicles to pass, which is a concern of couriers. The "Regulations" clearly require that the right of express delivery service vehicles to pass and temporarily stop should be guaranteed according to law, and express delivery service vehicles should not be prohibited from passing according to law.

　　At present, electric tricycles, which are widely used in the express delivery industry, have become the first choice for couriers to deliver in the "last mile" because of their flexibility and large cargo capacity. However, disputes about the speed limit standard of electric tricycles have always existed.

　　The "Regulations" require that the management and use of express delivery service vehicles be standardized according to law, the speed and loading quality of special electric tricycles for express delivery should be stipulated, and the unified numbering and identification management of express delivery service vehicles should be strengthened.

　　Violation of traffic regulations

　　— — Cause damage to others and bear tort liability.

　　In reality, some express delivery companies ignore traffic safety, and delivery staff sometimes violate traffic rules and disrupt urban order.

　　The "Regulations" propose that express delivery practitioners should abide by the provisions of road traffic safety laws and regulations and drive vehicles safely and civilized in accordance with operational norms. If the courier practitioners cause damage to others due to the execution of their work tasks, the enterprises that operate the courier business to which the courier practitioners belong shall bear the tort liability in accordance with the relevant laws on civil tort liability.

　　On March 26, the Ministry of Public Security said that serious traffic violations such as running red lights, retrograde and occupying motor vehicle lanes should be strictly investigated; Those who are responsible for traffic accidents and have repeatedly violated the law seriously will be included in the record of dishonesty, and enterprises will be urged to implement the measures of repaying and forbidding entry.

　　Packaging pollution

　　— — Encourage the use of degradable and reusable materials.

　　While enjoying the convenience brought by express delivery, we should also consider "reducing the burden" on parcels and reducing pollution. At present, plastic tape and roller tape have a great impact on environmental protection.

　　The "Regulations" stipulate that the state encourages enterprises and senders engaged in express delivery business to use degradable and reusable environmental protection packaging materials, and encourages enterprises engaged in express delivery business to take measures to recycle express packaging materials to achieve reduced utilization and reuse of packaging materials.

　　Express delivery companies have begun to take action, some vigorously promote recyclable environmental protection cloth bags to replace the commonly used woven bags, and some companies have launched recyclable "shared express boxes".

　　Zhao Xiaomin, CEO of Chuanshuo Enterprise and an expert in express delivery, said that from the perspective of the logistics industry trend, it is worthy of recognition to promote green recycling packaging boxes, but it is difficult to change the current situation of using disposable packaging in a short period of time, and the joint efforts of industries and institutions are needed. (End)

　　CCTV News:(Reporter Zhang Qi) Dongchuan is a famous "Tiannan Copper Capital" in history. After thousands of years of exploitation and logging, the mountains in Dongchuan have basically become bare. When it comes to Dongchuan 20 years ago, people often associate it with barren land covered in mines, weeds everywhere, and mudslides that cross the river wantonly. "Walking on the top of the mountain with dragons and blowing horns at every ditch" was the truest portrayal of Dongchuan at that time.

Photo courtesy of Dongchuan District Forestry and Grassland Bureau

　　"We want a blue sky and green mountains, and we want the earth to awaken and the Qingshui River", which has become the aspiration of all Dongchuan people and the dream of Dongchuan people.

　　However, it is an arduous task to make the barren hills in Dongchuan green. The area of barren hills in Dongchuan is 606,000 mu, and there are more than 100,000 mu of barren hills in Xiaojiang dry-hot valley with a total length of more than 80 kilometers. Due to drought, lack of rain, large evaporation, poor soil layer and poor water conservation ability, the survival rate of newly planted trees is low, and many barren slopes are "afforestation without forest" every year.

　　Dongchuan forestry workers repeatedly tried to use different methods and tree species for experimental planting, boldly diverted water up the mountain to water seedlings, and explored the soil and water conservation technology of fish scale pit at the bottom of funnel. In recent years, Dongchuan has taken 7,000 acres of barren hills in Daduo Village of Tangdan Town as a demonstration base for drought-resistant afforestation in dry-hot valleys, mainly popularizing these two technologies and planting new Leucaena leucocephala which is drought-resistant and easy to survive, with remarkable results.

　　In order to plant trees and fill the ecological shortcomings, Dongchuan also spent a lot of money. Twenty years ago, the investment in afforestation per mu was only in 8 yuan, but now, the investment in 800 yuan per mu has increased by 100 times. The local finance in Dongchuan District will allocate 10 million yuan for ecological restoration every year, and at least 30,000 mu will be planted every year, so that the forest coverage rate in Dongchuan will increase by at least 1 percentage point every year.

　　Through the arduous efforts of Dongchuan District, the ecological restoration has achieved remarkable results. From 2012 to 2018, a total of 246,000 mu of barren hills were afforested, with an average annual afforestation of 37,000 mu, 204,000 mu of returning farmland to forests and 245,000 mu of walnut base construction. By the end of 2018, there were 1,603,700 mu of forest land in the whole region, and the forest coverage rate increased to 33.7%. It is estimated that the forest coverage rate will reach 38% by the end of 2019.

Photo courtesy of Dongchuan District Forestry and Grassland Bureau

　　Today, the bare peaks in Dongchuan District are long gone, and the trees on both sides of the road are dense, clean and tall. The mountains are green, the sky is blue, the water is blue, and the green mountains and green hills have also brought real Jinshan Yinshan to the people. The ecological dividend is benefiting the local people, and the villagers’ days are getting more and more prosperous.

　　Walking into Xindianfang Village, Tuobuka Town, Dongchuan, the small saplings all over the mountains attract attention, and the economic crops such as navel orange, soft-seeded pomegranate and pepper grow gratifying, which is a vivid exploration and practice of developing the under-forest economic model in Dongchuan at present. Combine returning farmland to forests, economic planting under forests and large-scale cooperatives to achieve the greatest combination of ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits.

Photo courtesy of Dongchuan District Propaganda Department

　　Now Xindianfang Village has planted 400 mu of soft-seeded pomegranate and 500 mu of navel orange. The first batch of 200 acres of navel oranges have all borne fruit, and the estimated economic income is more than 300,000 yuan. Next year, the soft-seeded pomegranate will bear fruit officially, and the estimated economic income is more than 200,000 yuan. The two industries have become the pillar industries of Xindian Fangcun, which have brought protection to the economic benefits of farmers in the later period.

　　"Now this blue sky is full of green hills, with clear rivers and fish as companions, and forests all over the mountains and rivers. Birds are singing freely in the forest, and cattle and sheep have found the grass mountain. We sow hope and weave a green shirt for our hometown … …” The green dream of Dongchuan people has come true.

Three years ago, the plasticizer incident shocked Taiwan, and then "poisonous starch", "poisonous soy sauce" and "black heart oil" followed. Recently, a gutter oil incident hit Taiwan Province food safety again, and well-known enterprises have been recruited. According to the results announced by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration today, the incident has affected 235 downstream manufacturers on the island, including well-known enterprises such as Weiquan, 85 C, Niutou Brand, Shengxiangzhen, Weiwang, Taitang, Meimeimei and Gongyan.

According to Taiwan Province’s Zhongshi Electronic News, Taiwan’s Food and Drug Administration searched the shipping list of Quantongxiang lard manufactured by Qiangguan Company from March 1 to August 31 this year. The largest number of barrels was 4,611 barrels purchased by Gongyan, followed by Taiyi, Jinlihua, Xinyi, Youcong and Weiquan. Food manufacturers have also joined the ranks, including Gourmet Master (85 degrees C), Haodiyi (tauren brand), Sheng Xiangzhen, Wei Wang, Ziweizhen (black bridge), Taiwan Sugar, Meimeimei, Keelung Li Gu, yu zhen Zhai and Wuhuama. By 10 o’clock yesterday morning, the health bureaus of counties and cities on the island had checked the night market, snack bars, food shops and raw material distributors. A total of 120 kilograms and 360,491 cans of related products were sealed. There are still 44,632 kilograms of "Quantongxiang lard" in Qiangguan Company’s factory, all of which have been sealed.

Taiwan Province waste oil affects enterprises.

Well-known companies have been recruited.

At 3 o’clock on the afternoon of September 5th, according to Taiwan Province China Times. com, the information provided by netizens showed that the food and catering industries affected included downstream manufacturers of Qiangguan Enterprise Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Qiangguan Company) such as Lu Shi, Yilin and Jiufang, and their customers included famous brands such as Uni-President Supermarket, Uni-President Starbucks, Huayuan, Lianhua and Aimian, as well as chain fast food restaurants such as KFC and Moss Burger. According to the report, whether the products contained in it actually use waste oil still needs to be investigated and dealt with by relevant parties, and it also needs clarification or apology from relevant businesses.

According to official website of Lushi Enterprise, the main customers include Taiwan Province’s No.1 famous brand of cooked noodles, Love Noodles Family, Shile (supplying Costco), Mommy Kitchen (supplying All Associated Press), 7-11 professional fresh food assembly plant, Starbucks (sandwiches, salads, etc.), Wokka (Australia’s No.1 brand of cooked noodles), and Shouhe Hi House, KFC, 21st Century, san huang and Raya.

According to official website, Yilin Company, its factories are all over Asia, with food GMP, ISO, HACCP, organic agricultural and food products, organic livestock products, HALAL and other certifications. Over the years, the small packaging products produced in Taiwan Province are enough to circle the earth more than 365 times. Yilin’s sauce package customers include Dante, KFC, 7-11, Domino’s, Moss Burger, Top Scrape and many other chain fast food brands.

In addition, Jiufang Xingye, located in Tainan City, mainly produces natural spices, compound seasoning, health food raw materials, food additives, etc. Its downstream customers include well-known food manufacturers such as Weiquan, Uni-President, Yimei, Lianhua, Huayuan and Weili.

Taiwan sugar company was recruited, and Want Want made a clarification.

Taiwan Sugar Company (hereinafter referred to as "Taiwan Sugar") was found to have used waste oil to produce products. At 2 o’clock on the afternoon of September 5, Taitang admitted that its Pingtung mass-market store had purchased 3 barrels of Qiangguan Company’s "Quantongxiang lard" to make baked goods such as chopped green onion bread, and all of them had been put on the shelves for sale. Taitang would accept consumers’ refund with invoices or relevant proof of purchase. Taiwan Sugar pointed out that in April and May this year, three barrels of 16 kilograms of "Quantongxiang lard" were purchased successively, but after the end of May, other edible oils were used.

At the same time, Taiwan Province Want Want Food issued a clarification statement, pointing out that the "Want Want Fried Roll" found in the inventory was purchased from Qiangguan Company, but it was verified that the lard was not inferior oil.

Qiangguan Company can be fined up to NT$ 80 million.

Taiwan Province’s "Food and Drug Administration" pointed out that if Qiangguan Company or other manufacturers are involved in the case, once the crime is verified, they can be transferred to trial according to "adulteration and counterfeiting" and violate Taiwan Province’s food hygiene and safety management law, with a maximum fine of NT$ 88 million (about RMB 18 million).

Ye Minggong, director of the Food and Drug Administration of Taiwan Province Weifu Department, said that the responsible person can be sentenced to a maximum of five years’ imprisonment and fined NT$ 8 million (about RMB 1.64 million), while the company involved will be fined 10 times, and the maximum fine can be NT$ 88 million. This will also be the first time that Taiwan Province’s "Esophagus Law" has used a fine of 10 times, which was just revised in February this year.

However, Qiangguan Company complained on September 4th that the company was also deceived by Guo and others, and began to buy oil at the end of February this year. Only "Quantongxiang lard" mixed waste oil.

On September 4th, Ye Wenxiang, the chairman of Taiwan Province Qiangguan Enterprise Co., Ltd. involved in the case, apologized to the public.

　

　

Waste oil spreads to enterprises, source: Feng Media

13 GMP certifications of Weiquan and other enterprises have been revoked.

According to the news of Taiwan Province’s "Central News Agency" on September 5, Taiwan Province’s "Food and Drug Administration of Weifu Department" announced the flow of downstream manufacturers of Qiangguan Company’s "Quantongxiang lard" in Taiwan on the same day, affecting 235 manufacturers, among which, manufacturers with food GMP certification include Sheng Xiangzhen, Wei Wang, Hao Diyi, Lu Shi, Xin Guan, Chi Mei, Wei Quan, Xiang Youwei, Gao Pin, Wei Quan.

According to the preliminary investigation, there are totally 13 GMP products from four enterprises, including Weiquan, Weiwang, Chi Mei and Lushi Enterprise (love noodles), which are suspected to be processed with Quantongxiang lard. If it is confirmed that the certified products use inferior lard and violate the food hygiene management law, the certification qualification and the right to use the certification mark of the company’s production line food GMP will be cancelled immediately.

These 13 products are 2 items such as curry beef and curry chicken of Weiwang; Chimei’s frozen fresh meat handmade dumplings, frozen leek handmade dumplings, frozen Chimei cooked dumplings (fresh meat), frozen Chimei cooked dumplings (leeks) and so on; Full-flavored spicy meat sauce, rare meat sauce, melon meat and so on; And Lushi Enterprise’s four flavors, namely, the stewed meat flavor of Ai Mian Guo Shao noodles, the dried mushroom flavor of Ai Mian Guo Shao noodles, the dried meinong batten flavor (dry) and the dried meinong batten flavor (soup).

12 certified edible oil products of Qiangguan Company were cancelled.

Taiwan Province’s "Industry Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs" said that Qiangguan Company was involved in violating the food hygiene management law, and its behavior had damaged the image and credibility of the food GMP certification system. Based on the principle of good faith and safeguarding the food safety of consumers, according to the "Regulations for the Implementation of the Food GMP Certification System", Qiangguan Company’s edible oil production line was cancelled with a total of 12 edible oil certification products.

After Qiangguan Company was found to be producing inferior lard "Quantongxiang lard", the Industry Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs immediately took the initiative to check the GMP baking oil production line applied by Qiangguan Company, and found that 12 products had passed GMP certification, but none of them used Quantongxiang lard. The Industry Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs also asked the Food Industry Development Research Institute of the verification unit to conduct in-depth verification.

"Industry Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs" pointed out that because the source of raw lard used in Qiangguan Company’s factory violated the food hygiene management law, its behavior has damaged the image and credibility of the food GMP certification system. Based on the principle of good faith and safeguarding the food safety of consumers, according to the "Regulations on the Implementation of Food GMP Certification System", Qiangguan Company’s edible oil production line was cancelled, with a total of 12 edible oil certification qualifications and the right to use certification marks.

These 12 certified edible oils and fats products include: whole white emulsified oil, whole ghee, whole ghee (pure vegetable oil), whole best fried oil, whole fragrant oil, whole baked ghee, whole crown fried oil (pure plant), whole crisp slice Margarine, Normandy fermented flavor cream (flake), Normandy wind cream (salt-free), and Normandy fermented flavor cream (salt-free).

The suspect was suspected of fleeing, and the prosecution requested to refuse his bail.

Guo Liecheng has been detained and cannot be released on bail.

Guo Liecheng, the main suspect in this illegal cooking oil incident, was found to have been emptied of his bank account, and was suspected of fleeing, so he applied to Kaohsiung Branch of Taiwan Province High Court to refuse his bail.

On September 4th, prosecutors in Pingtung, Taiwan Province applied to the Pingtung District Court for detention for violating the food hygiene management law and fraud. The court once ordered Guo Liecheng to leave with a bail of NT$ 50,000 (about RMB 10,000) because he was in rags. On September 5, the prosecution found that the cash in Guo Liecheng’s bank account of NT$ 860,000 (about RMB 180,000) had been withdrawn.

Prosecutors in Taiwan Province pointed out that Guo Liecheng began to be greedy three or four years ago. In February 2014, he set up an underground factory in Zhutian Township, Pingtung, and turned rotten water into clean oil by indigenous steelmaking. Subsequently, he sold waste oil at a price ranging from 27 tons to 30 tons each time. So far, he has traded 8 times and became the largest buyer of underground waste oil market.

Prosecutors in Taiwan Province also suspect that Guo Liecheng mixed gutter oil and various processed feed oils with subcutaneous fat of chickens and ducks purchased from slaughterhouses to make food oil.

The prosecution also pointed out that Guo Liecheng cried that he could not pay the bail of NT$ 100,000 (about RMB 20,000), and finally paid NT$ 50,000 bail, but he still had NT$ 860,000 in his account.

In addition, Dai Qichuan, the deputy general manager of Qiangguan Company involved in the case, pleaded guilty and was released on bail of NT$ 200,000 (about 41,000 RMB).

On September 4th, Taiwan Province police reported that a case of mixing edible oil with recovered waste oil such as "Goushui Oil" (commonly known as "gutter oil" in mainland China) was discovered. Six people, including Guo, were suspected of operating underground oil plants in Pingtung and Kaohsiung, Taiwan Province, and refining edible oil by mixing the recovered waste oil with sebum oil. At present, 242 tons of inferior oil produced by Guo and others flows to Qiangguan enterprises, and the latter makes 782 tons of edible oil at a ratio of about 3:1.

　

　

Taking stock of frequent food safety incidents in Taiwan Province industry in recent years;

1. In May 2011, a food and health care product safety storm caused by plasticizers broke out in Taiwan Province. There are more than 200 manufacturers involved, and there are more than 500 kinds of contaminated products, among which almost all food manufacturers in Taiwan Province are involved. Some experts said that the plasticizer storm was the most serious food poisoning incident in 30 years. The cause of the incident was whether unscrupulous operators added DEHP, a plasticizer, as a formula of clouding agent to drinks. According to experts, DEHP is mostly used in plastic materials, and it is an environmental hormone, which will endanger male reproductive ability and promote female precocious puberty. Taiwan Province has listed DEHP as the fourth category of toxic chemicals and should not be added to food.

2. In May 2013, it was reported by the media that Taiwan Province Yimei Food Company used expired "soy protein isolate" to make puffs, and 360,000 boxes were bought by consumers, and another 120,000 boxes were recycled after the incident. The local inspection and adjustment department in Tainan found in the food raw material factory "Mingzhexing" that the company used drugs to erase the expiration date on the expired or about to expire food packaging, and made huge profits by reprinting the expiration date.

3. In August, 2013, Taiwan Province Food Hygiene Unit made a surprise inspection and found that nine kinds of artificial flavors were illegally added to the "Fat Daren" bread, which was popular all over Taiwan with "pure natural" as a selling point, and it was suspected of deceiving consumers with false advertisements.

4. In October, 2013, the prosecutor in Changhua, Taiwan Province found out that 100% super olive oil manufactured by Datong Changji Company not only mixed cheap sunflower oil and cottonseed oil, but also illegally added banned "copper chlorophyll". The peanut oil made by the company also has no peanut oil component at all, but is made of salad oil mixed with mustard oil and then flavored with chemical essence. However, the so-called 100% linseed oil is made by mixing some linseed oil with salad oil.

5. In November, 2013, Taiwan Province media reported that heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, copper and mercury were detected in the seasoning packages of instant noodles of many brands such as "Master Kong" and "Unity" sold in Taiwan Province. Master Kong and Uni-President Company responded by saying that the instant noodle products of the company all meet the food safety standards, and there is no potential safety hazard. Due to the huge sales of the above-mentioned brands of instant noodles in the mainland, the incident has aroused widespread concern among mainland people. On November 20th, china food and drug administration announced the results of sampling inspection on the heavy metal content of instant noodle seasoning packets in the mainland market. The indexes of lead, total arsenic and inorganic arsenic in 129 seasoning packets of 67 instant noodle samples all met the relevant provisions of national standards.

Comic book of urinary bladder clinic in Taiwan Province

Observer Network Comprehensive, Zhongxin. com Report

China Net/China Development Portal Network News Environmental pollution has always been an important content of national economic development and the realization of reform and innovation goals. From the source of emissions, industrial pollutants are an important part of pollution emissions. At the same time, heavy pollution industry is the main source of industrial pollutant discharge, which has a huge negative externality to the ecological environment system. Therefore, it is very important to explore the eco-environmental effects of industrial agglomeration from the perspective of heavily polluting industries.

There is trans-regional migration of industry in space, which is essentially to seek the optimal production location. With the increase of production costs, enterprises seeking to maximize profits will constantly move to adapt to the more complex market environment. Industries that bring serious negative externalities to the ecological environment are more sensitive to environmental policies, and are more vulnerable to changes in environmental policies that lead to industrial transfer. Usually, economically developed countries or regions will transfer such industries to areas with relatively backward economic development through production, investment and trade. Strictly speaking, the transfer of polluting industries comes from both international and domestic regions. The existing evidence shows that some polluting industries in China are transferring to the central and western regions. The industrial undertaking places have to bear the negative externalities of environmental pollution caused by industrial transfer while undertaking heavily polluting industries, so the spatial agglomeration of heavily polluting industries will reshape the spatial layout of industrial pollutants and become an important factor affecting regional environmental policies. Because the inter-regional flow of heavily polluting industries is an important reason that affects the regional pollutant discharge, it is very important to understand the influencing factors and driving mechanisms of the transfer of heavily polluting industries for correctly understanding the international or domestic industrial transfer that has taken place, adjusting the ecological environment protection policies of various regions (especially the central and western regions), and realizing the vision of a beautiful China with sustainable development.

At present, the analysis of environmental pollution effect brought by industrial transfer is relatively mature in academic circles, and the focus of discussion is on the hypothesis of "pollution refuge" and the empirical analysis of environmental Kuznets curve. Among them, foreign research mainly focuses on the national and industrial analysis scales, while domestic research mainly focuses on the provincial and municipal scales, and the industrial level research needs to be further improved. On the whole, the research on the agglomeration of pollution-intensive enterprises and its environmental effects has achieved rich results, but it is still very important to identify the agglomeration of heavily polluted industries and its environmental effects from a macro perspective, which is of great significance to analyze the agglomeration and transfer of industries from a macro scale, the preference of enterprises for migration and the environmental pollution of industrial undertaking areas from a micro scale. Therefore, under the background of constrained resource development, tightening environmental protection policies and slowing economic growth, it is of great significance to scientifically plan the transfer trend of heavily polluted industries and clarify the spatial agglomeration characteristics of heavily polluted industries to adjust the layout of major productive forces, comprehensively divide the main functional areas of each region, improve the ecosystem value of each region, efficiently deploy strategically around the overall national goal, and realize high-quality development of the whole region. This study focuses on three points: ① identifying the spatial distribution and agglomeration characteristics of heavily polluted industries in China in the past 20 years; (2) analyze the main factors that promote the agglomeration of heavily polluted industries, and whether the production cost (factor endowment), environmental regulation and foreign direct investment have promoted the agglomeration of heavily polluted industries in the central and western regions; ③ Analysis in the process of transferring heavily polluting industries,The transfer of pollutant discharge and whether the environmental pollution problems derived from the transfer of heavily polluting industries in the future are likely to continue to deteriorate.

Heavy pollution industry and its environmental effect analysis data set

Heavy pollution industry data set

This study collected the industrial economic data of China from 1999 to 2021, and the data came from the Statistical Yearbook of Industrial Economy of China. The types of industries involved in industrial economic data are detailed in Schedule 1 and Schedule 2. Among them, the extractive industry in 2004, the production and supply of electricity, heat, gas and water, and the lack of industrial economic data in 2017 are supplemented by the method of average filling.

At present, there is no strict and clear definition of heavy pollution industry, but most scholars mainly follow the environmental protection certification standards issued by government departments. The Guide to Environmental Information Disclosure of Listed Companies published by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment shows that heavily polluting industries mainly involve thermal power, steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum, coal, metallurgy, chemicals, petrochemicals, building materials, paper making, brewing, pharmaceuticals, fermentation, textiles, tanning and mining. In this study, the situation of heavily polluting industries in the industrial industry is defined with reference to the Catalogue of Classified Management of Environmental Verification Industries of Listed Companies (Huanban Letter [2008] No.373) issued by the former Ministry of Environmental Protection (Attached Tables 1 and 2).

Environmental pollution data set

Heavy pollution discharge is divided into waste water, waste gas and industrial solid waste according to pollution sources. Considering the consistency and consistency of data, some data in this study are used as substitute variables for robustness test to enhance the reliability of empirical results. Among them, the data of wastewater, waste gas and solid waste come from China Statistical Yearbook and China Environmental Statistical Yearbook; The data of environmental regulation, economic development level, market share, industrial structure and factor cost come from China Statistical Yearbook. The data of technological innovation (mainly focusing on R&D expenditure) comes from the Statistical Bulletin of National Science and Technology Expenditure published by the National Bureau of Statistics. The description and descriptive statistical results of the data are detailed in Schedule 3.

Measurement and empirical analysis of heavily polluting enterprises in China

Agglomeration characteristics of heavily polluting industries

By depicting the spatial distribution of the gross output value of heavily polluted industries in China in 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015 and 2021 (Figure 1), it is found that the heavily polluted industries in China obviously spread from east to west and from coastal to inland. On the whole, the spatial hierarchical structure is obvious, and there are peak-shifting characteristics in coastal provinces, central regions and northwest inland areas. Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong have always been the gathering highlands of heavily polluting industries, while the heavily polluting enterprises in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Sichuan have obvious development momentum and are potential new gathering areas of heavily polluting industries in the future.

From the spatial distribution map of heavily polluted industries in China from 1999 to 2021, we can see the development, transfer and diffusion trend of heavily polluted industries in the past 20 years. In 1999, the output value of heavily polluting industries in coastal provinces was significantly higher than that in other regions; Until 2007, Shandong, Jiangsu and Guangdong became areas with obvious concentration of heavily polluting industries. Since then, heavily polluting enterprises have gradually spread to Zhejiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan and other places. Around 2011, Sichuan and Inner Mongolia became the gathering highlands of heavy pollution industries in inland areas, and at the same time, heavy pollution industries further spread to Shanxi, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and other central regions. After 2015, Shaanxi, Gansu, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan have become the undertaking places and potential development areas for the transfer of heavily polluting industries. By the end of 2021, the heavily polluting industries in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia have grown rapidly, and the output value of heavily polluting industries in Sichuan, Shanxi, Hubei and Anhui has been increasing. On the whole, the development of heavy pollution industry in Northeast China is relatively backward, which is related to the development history and related policies in Northeast China to some extent.

Influencing factors and mechanism of heavy pollution industry agglomeration in China

　influencing factor

This study holds that the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries is the result of industrial transfer and industrialization. The transfer of heavily polluting industries in China is essentially a change in the location choice of heavily polluting industries in China, and enterprises need to consider factor costs and regional acceptance policies. Due to the influence of heavily polluting industries on environmental pollution, local environmental policies usually need to be considered in the location selection of enterprises. The "pollution refuge" hypothesis holds that pollution-intensive industries tend to move to countries or regions with relatively low environmental access standards (environmental regulations). This hypothesis also has limitations, such as freedom of trade, law of one price, and differences in environmental regulations among countries or regions. Although there are trade barriers and transportation costs in reality, the (no) risk arbitrage mechanism between countries or regions makes the actual price level basically conform to the law of one price principle. When the product price is clear, the production cost (factor endowment) will affect the production location of the industry, and then affect the direction and region of industrial transfer; When other conditions are basically the same, areas with lower environmental access standards (environmental regulations) will become the main destinations for the transfer of polluting industries.

Therefore, this study focuses on the influence of production cost (factor endowment), environmental regulation and foreign direct investment on heavily polluted industrial agglomeration, taking them as the core explanatory variables of the model, and taking economic development level, market share, industrial structure and technological innovation as control variables. In order to verify whether the environmental Kuznets curve is established at the provincial level, the square term of economic development level is introduced to test.

　Agglomeration mechanism

Production cost (factor endowment) factor. On the whole, it has the strongest influence on the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries among the core explanatory variables. Mining, smelting and processing industries of mineral resources such as coal, oil, metal and nonmetal account for a relatively large proportion in heavily polluted industries, and the resource-intensive orientation of such heavily polluted industries is obvious. Compensatory wages make the wage level of such heavily polluted industries higher, which may lead to a certain synchronization between high labor costs and heavily polluted industries. At the same time, although the preferred areas for heavily polluting industries have the advantages of intensive labor force and low production cost, heavily polluting enterprises will also comprehensively consider the economic development level, transportation infrastructure construction and supporting policies in the areas where they move. Only when the above conditions reach a certain level, the wage level will get more consideration, so the wage level of some moving areas does not have too much advantage in the alternative moving areas of heavily polluting industries.

Environmental regulatory factors. It is not significant when the individual effect is fixed, but it is positively related to industrial agglomeration when the time effect is fixed. The "pollution refuge" effect at the provincial scale is not significant on the long-term scale, which means it is difficult to support the "pollution refuge" hypothesis. With the increasing emphasis of local governments on ecological environmental protection and environmental protection, the differences of environmental policies among regions have gradually decreased, and the transfer strategy of heavily polluting industries seeking lower environmental regulations has gradually failed.

Factors of foreign direct investment. Its impact on the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries is not significant, which shows that the transfer of heavily polluting industries mainly occurs at the provincial level, and the scale of heavily polluting industries at the international level is small.

Economic development level, market share and industrial structure factors. It has a very significant effect on the agglomeration of heavily polluted industries. This is basically consistent with the traditional mainstream views of industrial location theory, industry and regional economy.

Technological innovation factors. It is only significant when the time is fixed. It shows that there is a positive correlation between long-term technology investment and R&D and heavy pollution industrial agglomeration, which is inseparable from potential industrial transformation and industrial upgrading. At the same time, it also reflects the shift of technology investment in heavily polluting industries, which may be closely related to the upgrading of mining technology, industrial chain and even environmental protection investment in resource-based areas.

Environmental effects of heavily polluting industrial agglomeration

The influence of heavy pollution industrial agglomeration on local environmental pollution, that is, whether heavy pollution industrial agglomeration causes significant environmental pollution in the moving area.

　Core variable

This study focuses on the influence of two core variables, the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries and environmental regulation, on environmental pollution.

Heavy polluting industries have significantly increased the emission of environmental pollutants. There is a nonlinear relationship between heavily polluting industries and environmental pollution, in which the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries has an "inverted U" relationship with the total amount of industrial waste gas and the amount of industrial solid waste, and the pollutant emissions show a trend of rising first and then falling with the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries.

Environmental regulation has not yet played a role in reducing pollutant emissions at the provincial level. There is a significant positive correlation between environmental regulation and the total discharge of industrial wastewater, industrial waste gas and industrial solid waste. In the future, it is still necessary to continue to deepen the concept of environmental protection policy and ecological governance, and improve the intensity of environmental protection and environmental regulation.

　Other factors

Technological innovation. It has played a role in reducing pollutant emissions. By adopting cleaner, more efficient and more sustainable emission reduction and pollution reduction technology, the total discharge of industrial wastewater and the total production of industrial solid waste in heavily polluted industries can be effectively reduced.

Foreign direct investment. It is only significant to reduce the output of industrial solid waste in heavily polluted industries. It shows that foreign-funded enterprises may bring more environmental protection concepts and advanced technologies to the industries that discharge solid waste.

The level of regional economic development. There is a significant positive correlation with pollutant emissions. With the increase of per capita gross domestic product (GDP), pollutant emissions will gradually increase, which is basically consistent with the theory of environmental economics.

Market share (specifically the total GDP). There is a negative correlation with pollutant discharge (except industrial wastewater discharge). This is because the market share is related to the economic structure, and the development level of service industry is higher and the proportion of tertiary industry is larger in areas with higher GDP, which is also confirmed by the correlation between the results and the coefficients of industrial structure variables.

Industrial structure. There is a significant positive correlation with pollutant emissions. Pollutant discharge is usually related to industrial activities. The higher the output value of the secondary industry, the more pollutants will be discharged, so the industrial structure variable (the output value of the secondary industry) is significantly positively correlated with pollutant discharge.

Main conclusions

This study systematically combs the agglomeration and spatial distribution of heavily polluted industries in China in the past 20 years, analyzes the influencing factors and agglomeration mechanism of heavily polluted industries through the panel data fixed effect model, and studies the environmental effects of heavily polluted industries agglomeration, and draws the following four main conclusions.

The agglomeration characteristics of heavily polluted industries are consistent with the overall trend of international and domestic industrial transfer, and there is an obvious diffusion trend from east to west and from coastal to inland. Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong are the areas with high concentration of heavily polluted industries in China in the past 20 years, while Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Sichuan are the potential areas for the future concentration of heavily polluted industries.

The results of fixed effect model show that factor endowment, environmental regulation, economic development level, market share and industrial structure are the key factors affecting the development of heavily polluted industries. Among them, the production cost (factor endowment) is positively related to the development of heavily polluted industries. It is difficult to find the relevant evidence to support the "pollution shelter" hypothesis on the provincial scale. However, the technological innovation that only has a significant impact on the development of heavily polluted industries in a long time scale may reveal the shift of potential technology investment, which promotes the industrial upgrading and transformation of heavily polluted industries in China.

The test of labor cost and regional robustness reveals the driving mechanism and regional heterogeneity of the development of heavily polluted industries in China. The nonlinear relationship test of production cost (factor endowment) shows that there is an "inverted U" relationship between labor cost and the development of heavily polluted industries in China. Influenced by industrial types and compensatory wages, the development of heavily polluting industries in China has increased the labor cost in the areas where they moved in, but the excessive labor cost has promoted the further transfer of heavily polluting industries. Regional heterogeneity reveals the gradient characteristics of heavy pollution industry transfer in China, that is, the eastern part of China is the main position to undertake international heavy pollution industry, and the international heavy pollution industry seeks areas with lower labor costs, which leads to the eastern part becoming a "pollution refuge" for international heavy pollution industry transfer. It is more obvious that the heavily polluting industries in the central region seek low labor costs and resource-rich areas. The "inverted U" relationship between the labor cost and the development of heavily polluting industries in the western region is remarkable. The heavily polluting industries in Northeast China are more affected by their own industrial base and international industrial transfer, and grow slowly.

The environmental effect of heavy pollution industry agglomeration is remarkable, which significantly increases the emissions of industrial wastewater, waste gas and solid waste, and increases the emissions of pollutants. Although there is an obvious nonlinear relationship between the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries and environmental pollution ("inverted U" relationship, that is, the emission of environmental pollutants and the agglomeration of heavily polluting industries rise first and then fall), the results of this study cannot support the conclusion that environmental regulation can reduce the emission of pollutants. More importantly, the environmental Kuznets curve on the provincial scale in China is not established, and many provinces have not reached the inflection point of environmental pollution at present.

Research enlightenment

From an empirical point of view, this study analyzes the influencing factors and environmental effects of heavy pollution industry agglomeration, and the enlightenment to China’s adjustment of heavy pollution industry layout and introduction of environmental regulation and protection policies is as follows.

Spatial concentration of economic activities is conducive to reducing environmental pollution emissions. In order to improve the spatial concentration of heavily polluting industries and reduce the pollution to the ecological environment, local governments should conform to the trend of the development of heavily polluting industries, reserve planned industrial cluster parks and support corresponding infrastructure, and centrally arrange heavily polluting industrial clusters.

When guiding and undertaking the development of heavily polluting industries, governments in different regions should formulate different policy orientations. ① Eastern region. We should pay attention to unified planning at regional scale, raise the threshold of environmental policy at the same time, strengthen the regional control of pollutant discharge from heavily polluting industries, reduce the "pollution refuge" effect, promote the orderly reduction of pollution discharge in the whole eastern region, and take the lead in building a model area of beautiful China. ② Central and western regions. We should give full play to our own characteristics and advantages, make full use of low-cost advantages, scientifically introduce relevant heavily polluting industries when our own resources and environment carrying capacity allow, build high-quality heavily polluting industrial clusters, guide the rational layout of heavily polluting industries, and promote the transformation and technological upgrading of heavily polluting industries after moving in; At the same time, improve the supervision and management mechanism of heavily polluting industries before, during and after the event as soon as possible, and avoid taking the old road of "pollution first and then treatment". ③ Northeast China. It is necessary to strengthen the transformation and upgrading of heavily polluting industries, enhance the competitiveness of industries, fully tap and give play to the advantages of existing industrial bases, and realize regional revitalization through industrial upgrading and transformation.

Pay attention to the ecological environment protection in ecologically fragile areas, do a good job in policy avoidance programs, and reduce the ecological environment pressure of the development of heavily polluting industries. The government should pay attention to the more serious environmental pollution problems arising from the transfer of heavily polluting industries to ecologically fragile areas such as Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, and local governments need to adopt more forward-looking macro-control policies to deal with potential environmental pollution risks. In a word, all regions should adopt targeted industrial guidance and pollution response strategies according to local conditions, reduce the degree of environmental pollution while developing industries and revitalizing the economy as much as possible, and make joint efforts to build a beautiful China.

(author:Chen Hongyang, Yu Jianhui and Zhang Wenzhong, Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Analysis and Simulation of China Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Resources and Environment, University;Contributed by Journal of China Academy of Sciences)