Jing Zheng Fa [2023] No.14

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus, and municipal institutions:

　　The "Implementation Plan for Accelerating the Construction of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Source with Global Influence in Beijing (2023-2025)" is hereby printed and distributed to you, please earnestly implement it.

the people’s government of beijing city　　　　

May 21, 2023　　

　　(This piece is publicly released)

Implementation Plan for Beijing to Accelerate the Construction of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Source with Global Influence (2023-2025)

　　In order to implement the national decision-making and deployment of developing a new generation of artificial intelligence, build Beijing National Experimental Zone for Innovative Development of New Generation Artificial Intelligence and National Pilot Zone for Innovative Application of Artificial Intelligence at a high level, speed up the construction of an innovative source of artificial intelligence with global influence, and strongly support the construction of Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center, this scheme is formulated.

　　I. Guiding ideology

　　Adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, thoroughly implement the spirit of a series of important speeches made by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader to Beijing, accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, accelerate the self-reliance of high-level science and technology, adhere to original guidance, problem-oriented, overall layout and open innovation, give full play to the advantages of innovative resources in the field of artificial intelligence in this city, continuously enhance its global influence, and further promote the development of artificial intelligence.

　　Second, the work objectives

　　By 2025, the city’s artificial intelligence technology innovation and industrial development will enter a new stage, with breakthroughs in basic theoretical research and increasing influence of original innovation achievements; Key core technologies are basically self-controllable, and some of them have reached the world advanced level in technology and application research; The scale of artificial intelligence industry continues to increase, forming an industrial cluster with international competitiveness and technological dominance; The high-level application of artificial intelligence deeply empowers the real economy and promotes high-quality economic development; The innovation elements of artificial intelligence are efficiently allocated, the innovation ecology is more active and open, and the artificial intelligence innovation source with global influence is basically built.

　　(A) the layout of a number of frontier directions, technological innovation to achieve new leadership

　　A breakthrough has been made in the basic theory of artificial intelligence, the theoretical framework of artificial intelligence has basically taken shape, and the prototype of general artificial intelligence has emerged. Natural language, universal vision, multi-modal interaction model and so on form a complete technology stack, and the key algorithm technology has reached the leading domestic and international advanced level. The level of artificial intelligence technology innovation and application development is leading in China, and some key core technologies and application research have achieved global high-level leadership.

　　(B) to promote a number of domestic substitution, technological breakthroughs have been made.

　　The layout of artificial intelligence computing power was initially formed, and the market share of basic software and hardware products such as domestic artificial intelligence chips and deep learning frameworks increased significantly, and computing power chips were basically self-controllable. The proportion of domestic hardware has been significantly improved, and it is fully compatible with domestic deep learning frameworks. The artificial intelligence computing power resources are connected to the grid to promote the basic software and hardware to achieve high-quality self-controllable.

　　(C) to build a number of industrial phalanx, industrial energy level to complete a new leap.

　　The scale of the core industry of artificial intelligence reached 300 billion yuan, with a continuous growth rate of more than 10%, and the scale of the radiation industry exceeded 1 trillion yuan. The investment in scientific research of leading enterprises in artificial intelligence has continued to increase, the number of start-ups has continued to grow, and the total number of enterprises has remained leading in China, with 5-10 newly cultivated unicorn enterprises. The depth and breadth of artificial intelligence applications have been further improved, and production products have become the mainstream applications and ecological platforms in the domestic market, promoting the high-end development of the industry.

　　(D) Create a number of demonstration benchmarks, and empower the scene to drive new applications.

　　Give full play to the industrial characteristics and resource advantages of each district, combine the characteristics of artificial intelligence technology, and form a major application scenario with strong instructions, great influence and wide driving force around economic and social development, scientific research findings and major people’s livelihood needs. Explore the scene opening policy with the characteristics of the capital, form a continuous innovation system with interactive evolution of technology supply and scene demand, and optimize and upgrade the key technologies and system platforms of high-quality traction artificial intelligence.

　　(5) Create a first-class innovation environment and achieve new results in ecological construction.

　　We will build a number of artificial intelligence research institutions with world-class influence, introduce and cultivate a world-class innovative talent team, and make new breakthroughs in international introduction. The number of high-level scholars exceeds 10,000, and the domestic proportion remains leading. Important progress has been made in policies and measures related to artificial intelligence, ethical safety, technical standards, etc., to promote the rational and healthy development of artificial intelligence.

　　III. Main tasks

　　(A) efforts to break through the key technologies of artificial intelligence, leading the high-level development of the industry.

　　1. Breakthrough the frontier basic theoretical innovation of artificial intelligence. We will develop a basic theoretical framework system for a new generation of artificial intelligence, and carry out research and layout around the mathematical mechanism of artificial intelligence, big data intelligence, multi-modal intelligence, decision-making intelligence, brain-like intelligence, scientific intelligence, and embodied intelligence, so as to form an original theoretical system of artificial intelligence with international influence. Continue to support innovative subjects such as new R&D institutions to focus on research directions such as general agents and scientific computing, and carry out goal-oriented organized research.

　　2. Leading the key core technological innovation of artificial intelligence. Support innovative subjects to focus on breaking through basic platform technologies such as distributed and efficient deep learning framework, large-scale model new infrastructure, deep ultra-large-scale graph computing, and ultra-large-scale simulation computing. Support the research and development of key algorithms such as deep joint learning of data and knowledge, multi-modal semantic alignment in high-dimensional space, large-scale cognition and reasoning, controllable content generation, efficient and low-cost training and reasoning, and strive to promote technological innovation related to large models. Encourage related technologies and algorithms to be open source and open.

　　3. Strengthen key technological innovation of trusted artificial intelligence. This paper focuses on the research of artificial intelligence system stability technology, artificial intelligence interpretability enhancement technology, artificial intelligence fairness technology and artificial intelligence security technology. Aiming at data privacy protection in sensitive areas, we will strengthen privacy protection strategies and system construction, and carry out research and development of underlying cryptographic algorithms and technologies. Study the credibility evaluation benchmark of model algorithm, and construct the credibility classification evaluation system of artificial intelligence system.

　　(2) Fully consolidate the underlying foundation of artificial intelligence and build a solid base for industrial innovation and development.

　　4. Promote breakthroughs in domestic artificial intelligence chips. For the needs of artificial intelligence cloud distributed training, research and development of general high computing power training chips are carried out; Aiming at the low power consumption requirements of edge application scenarios, multi-modal intelligent sensing chips, autonomous intelligent decision-making execution chips and energy-efficient edge heterogeneous intelligent chips are developed; Facing the innovative chip architecture, explore the innovative architecture routes such as reconfigurable, integrated storage and computing, brain like computing and Chiplet. Actively guide large-scale model research and development enterprises to apply domestic artificial intelligence chips, and accelerate the localization rate of artificial intelligence computing power supply.

　　5. Strengthen the research and development of independent open source deep learning framework. To meet the needs of distributed computing, we will develop dynamic and static unified programming and multi-dimensional automatic parallel technology, enhance the core capabilities of deep learning framework in ultra-large-scale model training and multi-terminal and multi-platform reasoning deployment, develop multi-type model development, training, compression and reasoning full-process tools, support extensive adaptation, integration and optimization of autonomous deep learning framework and artificial intelligence chips, and realize deep collaboration of domestic artificial intelligence software and hardware technologies.

　　6. Improve the overall supply capacity of computing resources. According to the principle of intensive and efficient, Beijing artificial intelligence public computing center and Beijing digital economy computing center will be built in Haidian District and Chaoyang District respectively. A number of artificial intelligence commercial computing centers will be built, rebuilt or upgraded in the artificial intelligence industry cluster, and the deployment and application of domestic chips will be strengthened to promote the ecological construction of self-controllable software and hardware computing power. Implement the computing partner program, integrate public cloud computing resources, and open to artificial intelligence innovation subjects. Promote cross-regional computing cooperation, strengthen computing cooperation with Tianjin, Hebei Province, Shanxi Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and other regions, build a unified cloudy computing power dispatching platform, improve the integrated scheduling capacity of computing power around Beijing, and optimize and upgrade the computing power network around Beijing.

　　7. Strengthen the open sharing of public data. Actively improve the level of mining, cleaning and privacy security processing of stock data in the public domain of this Municipality. Focus on urban brains, smart government affairs, smart people’s livelihood services and other fields, dynamically update the public data open plan, and improve the construction of various public data areas such as finance, transportation and space. Tap the value of public data, conditionally open public data, explore and promote the authorized operation of public data zones, promote the docking of public data with market-oriented data platforms, continuously expand the supply of inclusive benefits, and realize innovative applications of data integration. Accelerate the construction of high-quality artificial intelligence training data sets, and study and establish an open sharing mechanism for data sets.

　　(3) Accelerate the construction of the artificial intelligence industry phalanx and comprehensively improve the industrial development level.

　　8. Build a large model technology industry ecology with high efficiency and synergy. Build an open source platform for large model algorithms and tools, build a complete large model technology innovation system, and actively strive to become a national artificial intelligence open ecological technology innovation center. Establish a full-stack domestic artificial intelligence innovation consortium, build an artificial intelligence training and service infrastructure based on domestic software and hardware, develop a full-stack domestic production model, and gradually form an autonomous and controllable artificial intelligence technology system and industrial ecology.

　　9. Strengthen the gradient cultivation of artificial intelligence enterprises. Support leading enterprises to focus on improving the level of independent innovation in the supply chain, carry out "unveiling the list" for universities, research institutes and small and medium-sized enterprises, select innovative solutions, and promote the deep integration of Industry-University-Research. Support unicorn enterprises to increase investment in research and development, enhance the competitiveness of core technologies, and continuously expand the application market. Strengthen the cultivation of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, and bring enterprises with the potential to become unicorns into the cultivation system in advance. Build a benchmark incubator in the field of artificial intelligence, guide the incubator to widely link innovative resources according to market demand, promote the maturation and finalization of laboratory results, and help the cutting-edge disruptive technologies to transform into entrepreneurial enterprises. Promote a number of internationally renowned research institutions, multinational enterprises and domestic leading enterprises to build innovative business entities in Beijing.

　　10. Strengthen the multidimensional services of artificial intelligence enterprises. Constantly optimize the business environment, effectively improve the ability of service enterprises, carry out "one enterprise, one policy" service for enterprises included in the service package, increase overall coordination, and properly solve the problems faced by enterprise development. Implement the service package and service steward mechanism of urban two-level enterprises. For innovative enterprises with potential in the field of artificial intelligence, the standards for inclusion in service packages can be appropriately relaxed to improve service coverage.

　　(4) Accelerate the construction of artificial intelligence scenes and draw innovative achievements to the ground.

　　11. Explore the empowerment and openness of artificial intelligence application scenarios. Relying on the city’s advantageous scene resources, we will strengthen data mining in key areas such as government services, financial technology and scientific research, accelerate the convergence of capital, technology, data, computing power and talents, create a batch of replicable and scalable benchmark demonstration application scenarios, promote the deep integration of artificial intelligence in the capital chain of innovation chain industrial chain, and realize the iterative upgrading of new technologies and the rapid growth of new application industries.

　　12. Support artificial intelligence to empower smart city construction. Improve the layout of key benchmark scenes, support the construction of urban brain 2.0 in Haidian District, and widely adapt to new technologies and products of artificial intelligence to empower the construction of smart cities; Promote the smooth implementation of Beijing High-level Autopilot Demonstration Zone 3.0 and other projects, improve coverage, build private networks and standardized platforms, promote the landing of new products, and empower smart transportation with data.

　　(5) Continue to build an artificial intelligence industry ecology and create a world-class development environment.

　　13. Promote the construction of a highland for talents in the field of artificial intelligence. To study and formulate policies and measures for the introduction, training and service of talents in the field of artificial intelligence in this Municipality. We will continue to implement the relevant talent plan, explore the implementation of the policy of supporting overseas talents when they come to Beijing, and strive to introduce and train a group of top talents and young talents with world influence. Stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of employers to introduce talents, give full play to the role of institutions of higher learning, research institutes, new research and development institutions and enterprises, and introduce scientists, industrial and engineering talents at all levels. Strengthen personnel training and service guarantee, support the construction of artificial intelligence specialty in Beijing colleges and universities, and explore the cross-integration talent training mode of "X+ artificial intelligence". Create a good ecology for talent development and accelerate the construction of a multi-level and high-quality talent echelon.

　　14. Create a high-quality innovation environment for artificial intelligence. Layout and construction of artificial intelligence industrial clusters, upgrade and build a number of high-quality artificial intelligence industrial space carriers. Attract international innovative resources to carry out exchanges and cooperation, and support the holding of international artificial intelligence exchange conferences such as Zhongguancun Forum Artificial Intelligence Parallel Forum. Give play to the guiding role of government investment funds, support long-term capital and patient capital to carry out early hard technology investment for artificial intelligence chips, frameworks and core algorithms. Continue to do a good job in the listing and cultivation of artificial intelligence enterprises.

　　15. Explore inclusive and prudent supervision of the artificial intelligence industry. We will continue to promote the innovation of regulatory policies and regulatory processes, establish a normalized contact service and guidance mechanism for Internet information services related to artificial intelligence with public opinion attributes or social mobilization capabilities, do a good job in safety assessment, promote algorithm filing, guide innovative subjects to establish safety awareness, and establish a safety prevention mechanism.

　　16. Improve the ethical governance ability of artificial intelligence technology. Strengthen the research on artificial intelligence ethical safety norms and social governance practice. Conduct scientific and technological ethics review and related business training, and strengthen the awareness of scientific and technological ethics norms of all responsible subjects. Explore the establishment of an expert review mechanism for the results of ethical review of high-risk scientific and technological activities in artificial intelligence ethics, and promote all responsible subjects to abide by scientific research integrity and scientific and technological ethics.

　　Fourth, safeguard measures

　　(A) to strengthen organizational leadership

　　Make full use of the coordination mechanism of Beijing Office for Promoting the Construction of Science and Technology Innovation Center, and actively seek guidance and support from national ministries and commissions. Establish a municipal-level artificial intelligence work special class headed by the deputy mayor in charge of science and technology work, strengthen coordination and dispatch, strengthen resource pooling, and promote the innovation and development of the artificial intelligence industry in the city. Give full play to the role of leading scientists and first-line young and middle-aged scientists, and provide strategic routes and cutting-edge technical advice around the development of artificial intelligence industry in this city.

　　(2) Promoting mechanism innovation

　　Give play to the role of Zhongguancun as a "test field", promote the reform of relevant institutional mechanisms, and release the dividend of institutional innovation. With innovation consortium and other technological innovation platforms as the starting point, we will strengthen the industrial chain integration of artificial intelligence in innovation chain, strive to make new breakthroughs in original innovation, achieve new achievements in core technologies, show new examples in open cooperation, and continuously improve the overall efficiency of the artificial intelligence innovation system in this city. Actively take the way of "unveiling the list and taking the lead" to promote the organization and implementation of major strategic tasks, strive to improve the transformation mechanism of technological achievements oriented to market demand, accelerate the formation of practical carriers, institutional arrangements and good environment to meet the needs of the development of artificial intelligence industry in the new era, build an integrated collaborative innovation system in Industry-University-Research, and promote this city to become the "source" of leading global artificial intelligence system innovation.

　　(3) Strengthening policy support

　　Further increase policy innovation and financial support, and comprehensively promote the development of artificial intelligence and related fields. Implement special science and technology plans in the field of artificial intelligence, and guide innovative subjects to increase investment in innovative resources. Optimize the investment mechanism for the development of artificial intelligence industry, give play to the guiding role of special funds and funds for the development of related industries and scientific and technological innovation in urban areas, attract social capital to participate, increase investment in artificial intelligence industry, and support the sustained and healthy development of artificial intelligence industry in this city.

　　(4) Overall and overall implementation.

　　Formulate the annual development work plan in the field of artificial intelligence in this Municipality, refine the work measures, clarify the work responsibilities, and strengthen the implementation of responsibilities. Strengthen the construction of the work support system in the field of artificial intelligence, adhere to the market-oriented mechanism to coordinate the resources of the city’s science and technology industry, and promote the construction of an artificial intelligence market service system. Strengthen the information work in the field of artificial intelligence and keep abreast of the trends of domestic and foreign scientific research industries. Carry out in-depth international exchanges and cooperation, actively integrate into the global artificial intelligence innovation network, and continuously enhance the global influence of artificial intelligence in this city.

　　Beijing, May 9 (Reporter Zhang Ni) Recently, the nine-valent cervical cancer vaccine (HPV vaccine) was approved for listing in China, bringing good news to many women. HPV vaccine is the first vaccine in the world to include cancer as an indication. However, for many domestic people, this vaccine is still new, and the popularity of related knowledge is still limited.

　　How to vaccinate? How to choose the vaccine type that suits you? What preparations need to be made before vaccination? A few days ago, the reporter from Zhongxin. com interviewed Zhao Yun, deputy chief physician of gynecology department of Peking University People’s Hospital, on a series of issues of public concern.

　　— — What is the relationship between HPV virus and cervical cancer?

　　HPV is the abbreviation of the English name of "human papillomavirus". There are many members in the HPV family, and a few of them are closely related to malignant tumors, so they are called high-risk HPV. From the statistics of large population samples, 99% of cervical cancer is caused by infection with this kind of virus.

　　The main route of transmission of HPV virus is through sexual contact, and mucosal contact can also be transmitted.

　　When there is no sexual exposure, the probability of this virus infection is almost zero, but the probability of HPV infection in women who have sex is very high. About 70% to 80% of women may have been infected with this virus, especially when they are sexually active (usually before the age of 30), which is the peak of infection.

　　However, many infections are transient infections. With the increase of age, these viruses will be cleared away, and only a small number (10-15%) are in a state of persistent infection, which is the high-risk group of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.

　　— — What is the difference between bivalent, tetravalent and nonavalent vaccines?

　　At present, there are three kinds of HPV vaccines listed in the world: bivalent, tetravalent and nonavalent.

　　A bivalent vaccine can prevent infections caused by HPV16 and HPV18 viruses. International research data show that more than 70% of cervical cancer is caused by these two viruses.

　　The tetravalent vaccine can prevent the infection of HPV6, 11, 16 and 18 viruses. Although HPV6 and HPV11 are not high-risk HPV viruses of cervical cancer, they can cause condyloma of lower genital tract.

　　Nine-valent vaccine is aimed at nine subtypes of HPV6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. Studies show that nine-valent vaccine can prevent 90% of cervical cancer.

　　It should be pointed out that HPV vaccine can not prevent cervical cancer 100%, even after vaccination, cervical cancer screening should be carried out regularly.

　　— — What is the difference between the three vaccination ages?

　　In terms of vaccination age, the approved vaccination age in China is: bivalent vaccine is suitable for women aged 9-25, tetravalent vaccine is suitable for women aged 20-45, and ninevalent vaccine is suitable for women aged 16-26.

　　The division of age groups is determined based on the results of clinical experiments of different age groups in China. HPV vaccine is a preventive vaccine. At present, no results show that it has the effect of preventing diseases for people who have been infected with HPV virus contained in the vaccine. Therefore, population vaccination before sexual exposure has the best health economic effect.

　　In the position paper updated by WHO in May 2017, it is suggested that women aged 9-14 who have not had sex should be the main target population, and women over the age of 15 should be the secondary target population.

　　— — Is the applicable age of nine-valent vaccine in Hong Kong 9-45 years old?

　　The instructions for the nine-valent vaccine in Hong Kong are applicable to 9-45 years old. However, there is no clinical data on the effectiveness of using HPV nine-valent vaccine in people over 26 years old.

　　Hong Kong’s approval of the application for the elderly is mainly based on the effectiveness of the tetravalent vaccine for the elderly population. The nine-valent vaccine and the tetravalent vaccine are immune-bridged, so the application range is 9-45 years old.

　　— — Is it still useful to vaccinate married and fertile women?

　　Some married and fertile women have not been infected by the virus, or have not been infected by the HPV subtype contained in the vaccine. At this time, vaccination is also effective.

　　— — How many times does the vaccine need to be vaccinated?

　　The bivalent, tetravalent and nonavalent vaccines all need to be injected in three times and completed within six months.

　　Among them, bivalent vaccine is recommended to be inoculated in October, January and June, with a total of 3 doses. The second dose can be inoculated 1-2.5 months after the first dose, and the third dose can be completed 5-12 months after the first dose.

　　Four-valent and nine-valent vaccines are recommended to be vaccinated in October, February and June, with a total of three doses. The interval between the first dose and the second dose should be at least one month, and the interval between the second dose and the third dose should be at least three months. All three doses should be completed within one year.

　　— — Is it still necessary to vaccinate with nine valence after vaccination with four valence?

　　At present, there is not enough evidence to prove that it will be more beneficial to vaccinate another series after completing one series of vaccines.

　　From the clinician’s point of view, women who have been vaccinated with one of bivalent, tetravalent and nonavalent vaccines and completed all injections can prevent more than 70% of cervical cancer. Another HPV vaccine injection is not recommended.

　　The instructions for the nine-valent vaccine mentioned that after the third dose of tetravalent HPV vaccine was inoculated, the nine-valent vaccine was injected at least 12 months apart.

　　— — How long is the vaccine valid?

　　Bivalent and tetravalent vaccines have been on the market for more than ten years. At present, the research data show that the antibody level of the vaccinated population is still at a high level, and there is no evidence that it is necessary to strengthen vaccination.

　　The nine-valent vaccine was launched in 2014. Studies on people aged 9-15 and 16-26 showed that serum antibodies remained positive in the fifth year after vaccination. At present, there is no evidence of the need for intensive vaccination.

　　— — What tests should I do before vaccination?

　　No special examination is needed before vaccination. However, in my personal opinion, people who have been sexually exposed and have never been screened for cervical cancer before should be screened. The purpose of screening is to know whether they have cervical lesions.

　　— — Which groups are not suitable for vaccination?

　　People who are allergic to the active ingredients used in the vaccine or any dressing adjuvant should be prohibited from using it. People who have had hypersensitivity after injecting HPV vaccine should not be vaccinated again.

　　In addition, women who are pregnant and pregnant are not recommended to be vaccinated now. Although a large number of practices that have been put on the market have proved that there is no data showing that the vaccine will affect the growth and development of embryos, pregnancy preparation and pregnancy are special periods, so it is not recommended for such people to be vaccinated immediately.

　　— — What are the side effects of the vaccine?

　　At present, the safety of the vaccine is still very good. Vaccination of this kind of vaccine is the same as other vaccines. The common systemic adverse reactions are mainly headache, fever, nausea and dizziness, and the local adverse reactions are mainly pain, swelling, erythema and itching.

　　— — Can men be vaccinated?

　　At present, all vaccines approved in China are used by women to prevent cervical cancer.

　　In foreign countries, tetravalent vaccines approved by some countries can be used for male vaccination. Male vaccination can also prevent precancerous lesions of some reproductive organs, condyloma and so on.

　　In addition, male vaccination is beneficial to the emergence of group immune effect, which reduces the overall infection rate of HPV virus in the population.

　　— — What are the precautions for preventing cervical cancer?

　　To prevent cervical cancer, in addition to vaccination, regular screening should be conducted, especially for women who have had sexual exposure.

　　For healthy people under the age of 30, it is suggested that only cell screening should be carried out. If the screening result is negative, it can be checked again after 3 years. For healthy people over 30 years old, it is recommended to carry out cell screening and HPV virus examination. If the results are double negative, they can be examined again after 5 years.

　　Early sexual exposure, many sexual partners, active sexual behavior and unclean sexual behavior are all high risk factors for cervical cancer, so condoms are recommended for safe sex. In addition, developing a healthy lifestyle is also beneficial to the prevention of diseases.

　　Agriculture is an important field of regional economic cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. In recent years, the "One Belt, One Road" initiative has been effectively linked with the national development strategy of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, providing an important platform for countries to implement bilateral and multilateral agricultural cooperation. China and other SCO member countries have close exchanges in agricultural investment, trade, science and technology, strengthened policy dialogue and communication, deepened personnel exchange and training, promoted collaborative innovation in science and technology, worked hand in hand to deepen agricultural cooperation "demonstration fields" and continuously released the potential of sustainable development.

　　Carry out technical cooperation to help food security

　　The member countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization have their own endowments of agricultural resources, their own characteristics of agricultural production, their own expertise in agricultural technology and their own characteristics of market demand, so there is great potential and space for strengthening regional agricultural cooperation. In May this year, the Eighth Meeting of Ministers of Agriculture of the member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was held by video. All parties positively evaluated the importance of deepening cooperation in agriculture and food security under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and supported the use of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization agricultural technology exchange training demonstration base to enhance the level of pragmatic cooperation.

　　In October 2020, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization agricultural technology exchange and training demonstration base was officially unveiled in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, and the agricultural technology exchange and training demonstration base grew into a "model room" for agricultural technology cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. In July last year, the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization Agricultural Technology Exchange Training Demonstration Base Construction Plan" was promulgated, emphasizing the accurate service for the agricultural modernization, industrialization and sustainable development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization countries.

　　Hold important exchange activities such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Roundtable on Modern Agricultural Development and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization National Agricultural University Presidents Forum; Reached more than 10 cooperation intentions with member countries in personnel training and park construction; Agricultural science and technology demonstration parks have been built in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and other countries; 56 foreign aid training programs were conducted for Shanghai Cooperation Organization countries and developing countries, with a total of more than 2,000 trainees … … From exchange training demonstration to economic and trade capacity cooperation, Yangling Demonstration Zone actively expands the path of agricultural open cooperation.

　　Zhang Ming, Secretary-General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, said that all member countries have vigorously developed cooperation in agricultural science and technology innovation, and jointly ensured regional and global food security by exchanging agricultural technologies and solutions, expanding agricultural trade, improving food production, enhancing the storage and processing capacity of agricultural products, and maintaining the smooth supply chain of industrial chains.

　　In Wutaiqike, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, the Sino-Ukrainian water-saving agriculture overseas demonstration park adopts intelligent irrigation equipment driven by solar energy, which has the functions of saving electricity, water and fertilizer, and can increase the local cotton yield by more than 30% and save water by 50%.

　　In Kazakhstan, Northwest A&F University of China cooperated with North Kazakhstan State University to evaluate the quality of agricultural products in the "Belt and Road" joint laboratory of crop green production, and the selected excellent varieties will be used as sowing materials for the Sino-Kazakhstan agricultural science and technology demonstration park.

　　In Pakistan, the cultivation of hybrid rice, the popularization of fungus and grass technology, the introduction of China cauliflower seeds, and the planting of pepper … … Pakistan-China agricultural cooperation projects have been continuously promoted. Pakistani Prime Minister Shabaz Sharif said that agriculture is Pakistan’s economic pillar and an important source of foreign exchange, and the SCO member States have deepened agricultural technology cooperation, bringing new opportunities for Pakistan’s agricultural development.

　　Sohail Khan, Deputy Secretary-General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, said that the current global food security situation is grim, and strengthening exchanges and cooperation in the field of modern agriculture by all parties will promote the sustained and stable economic and social development of member States.

　　Build a service platform to promote trade

　　Natural propolis from Tajikistan, Russian vodka, agricultural products and handicrafts from all over China … … Not long ago, at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Exhibition on Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development held in Yangling Demonstration Zone, there were a dazzling array of products with national characteristics, and all parties had a strong desire to carry out agricultural trade.

　　Turabayivi Temulbeko, an expert from Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Agriculture, made a special trip to Yangling to carefully study and compare several varieties of mung beans in China. On this trip, he intends to negotiate the import project of 200,000 tons of mung beans. He said: "China’s agricultural development experience is worth learning from. China is Uzbekistan’s largest trading partner and hopes that the two sides will further strengthen cooperation in the fields of trade, agriculture and cultural tourism. "

　　In recent years, the trade of agricultural and food products between China and other SCO member countries has been expanding. As of March this year, 699 kinds of food of animal and plant origin in 12 categories have been exported to China by the member countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. China is committed to building a new platform and opening up new channels to bridge the gap between agricultural trade and investment cooperation among SCO countries.

　　In September 2022, the first Shanghai Cooperation Organization Agricultural Expo was held in Shaanxi. Rapeseed oil and flour from Kazakhstan, linden honey and pickled cucumbers from Russia, onions and grapes from Kyrgyzstan, strawberries and pine nuts from Pakistan are very popular. Business counselor Feirouz, Embassy of Tajikistan in China, introduced local delicacies and specialties on the spot, expressing the hope that Tajikistan and China will continue to be friendly and tap the potential of cooperation in the agricultural field.

　　At the end of December last year, China (Shaanxi) Commodity Exchange Center was opened in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. At present, agricultural machinery and equipment, irrigation equipment, Chunhua apples, millet in northern Shaanxi and tea in southern Shaanxi have been exhibited. In the future, the trading center will continue to enrich the variety of products and strengthen the driving function, and strive to become an information service highland and an industrial cooperation highland serving the economic and trade exchanges of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization countries, and accelerate the economic and trade exchanges in agricultural machinery and equipment, and people’s livelihood department stores.

　　Vladimir Norov, former Secretary-General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, said that building this trading center in Tashkent is a powerful measure to deepen economic and trade exchanges among SCO countries. The economic and trade service platform is based in Uzbekistan, which is helpful to deepen the exchange of agricultural resources and economic and trade cooperation between Uzbekistan and China.

　　Infrastructure facilities such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization National Agricultural Products Trade Service Platform and the Yangling Free Trade Zone Cross-border E-commerce Industrial Park have been built one after another, and the Yangling Comprehensive Bonded Zone (Phase I) has been officially closed for operation, which will further promote trade between Shanghai Cooperation Organization member States in the future.

　　Strengthening poverty reduction and communication to promote development and prosperity

　　Strengthening the exchange and cooperation of poverty reduction and agricultural technology among the countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is of great significance for accelerating the process of global poverty reduction and promoting world economic development. China will further strengthen the docking of agricultural and rural policies with other SCO member States, promote practical cooperation in agricultural technology and rural development, and contribute more to the global poverty reduction.

　　At the end of May this year, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Forum on Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development was held in Shaanxi. Afridi, vice chairman of Pakistan Senate, said that Pakistan should learn from China’s experience in poverty reduction, combine economic growth with social progress, pay attention to the improvement of farmers’ agricultural skills and the development and utilization of renewable resources, strive to achieve the goals of poverty reduction and sustainable development, and promote social stability and economic prosperity.

　　"China experts brought new wheat varieties and planting techniques to Kazakhstan, which improved the quality and yield of wheat, and Kazakhstan’s flour also entered the China family." Zhang Nuo, a Kazakh student from Northwest A&F University, said that he hoped to learn more knowledge and experience in poverty reduction and agricultural development in China and contribute to Kazakhstan-China cooperation.

　　"The experience of China’s urban-rural integration development is very instructive" "Uzbekistan has been struggling with saline-alkali land, and it is very valuable for us to share the experience of saline-alkali land management in China" "Ecological chicken farms are intelligent all the time, and we also hope to introduce such equipment" … … In June this year, in 2023, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization National Poverty Reduction and Development Forum and Poverty Alleviation Training Course started in Qingdao, Shandong Province. Seventy participants from SCO countries participated in the training, and learned from China’s experience in poverty reduction and rural revitalization through theoretical discussions, field visits and case discussions. In 2021, at the 21st meeting of the Council of Heads of State of SCO member states, China announced that it would provide 1,000 poverty alleviation training places to SCO countries in the next three years. The training course is the embodiment of China’s commitment.

　　Zhang Ming said that poverty reduction has become an important part of the agenda of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and the connotation of the cooperation mechanism has been continuously enriched and improved. As a founding member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, China has made remarkable achievements in poverty reduction, and its open attitude has created favorable conditions for all parties to share China’s experience and programs. Nadirov Bach Magnol, editorial director of Tajikistan’s "Asia Express" news agency, said: "I hope more people will have the opportunity to study and exchange in China, bring advanced agricultural technology back to their own countries, and help local agricultural economic development."

On September 25th, official website, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, published the Reply to the Proposal No.5074 of the Second Session of the 13th National People’s Congress (hereinafter referred to as the Reply), which responded to the proposal of Xia Wu Zhuo Ma, a representative of the National People’s Congress, to enact a law prohibiting cruelty to animals. The "Reply" said that it is difficult to effectively crack down on cruelty to animals and other behaviors that are generally opposed by the public because of the lack of relevant legislative provisions. It is indeed necessary to improve legislation.

Legislation to prohibit cruelty to animals is still a relatively frontier topic in China’s current legislative work and has not been included in the recent legislative plan. But this does not mean that there are no relevant laws and regulations in China.

China’s animal husbandry law stipulates specific issues such as feeding, environment, setting, epidemic prevention, quarantine and transportation of livestock and poultry breeding, and clearly puts forward that "developing high-quality, efficient, ecological and safe animal husbandry"; The Law on the Protection of Wild Animals also states that "the state implements the principle of giving priority to the protection of wild animals, standardizing their utilization and strictly supervising them, encourages scientific research on wild animals, cultivates citizens’ awareness of protecting wild animals and promotes the harmonious development between man and nature". In the controversial field of animal experiments, China also has a special Regulation on the Management of Experimental Animals to ensure that the management of experimental animals follows unified planning and reasonable division of labor, and is transferred to the second edition.

Continued from the first edition is conducive to promoting the scientific research and application of experimental animals.

In 2010, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Opinions on Further Strengthening the Management of Zoos, requiring zoos to make clear regulations on animal feed quality, cage conditions, heatstroke prevention and cold protection facilities, medical treatment, and the disposal of dead animals’ carcasses, and at the same time requiring no animal performances to avoid animals being disturbed and stimulated.

In practice, there are cases in which the cruelty to animals has a serious social impact, and legal responsibility is also investigated according to the relevant laws of our country. In 2002, Liu, a student from Tsinghua University, threw a bear with sulfuric acid at the Beijing Zoo, which aroused strong social repercussions. In April 2003, the People’s Court of Xicheng District, Beijing first sentenced Liu to intentional damage to property and was exempted from criminal punishment.

For some time, in order to attract the attention of netizens, there are often videos of cruelty to animals in live webcasts, and even a secret industrial chain of online customization and selling of such videos has been formed, which has had an extremely bad impact on society. According to the provisions of China’s cyber security law prohibiting "spreading violent, obscene and pornographic information", the relevant video producers can be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

To sum up, although we don’t have a law prohibiting cruelty to animals or an animal welfare law, the law will not sit idly by and ignore cruelty to animals, which is a basic requirement of a society ruled by law.

Of course, the legislative suggestions of NPC deputies reflect that with the progress of society and the development of civilization, a clear, systematic and perfect law prohibiting cruelty to animals meets the people’s new requirements and expectations for the rule of law and social fairness and justice. The response of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs released a clear signal-the state supports legislation prohibiting cruelty to animals, and the construction of the rule of law will keep pace with the development of social civilization.

We believe that legislation prohibiting cruelty to animals, which promotes human civilization, will soon become a reality.

Guangzhou has woven a modern transportation network of "land, sea, air and rail", which runs through the whole city, connects the whole country and connects the whole world … Overlooking Guangzhou, a modern transportation network that runs through the whole city, connects the whole country and connects the whole world is gradually being woven-in 2020, the passenger volume of Baiyun Airport ranks first in the world; In 2021, Guangzhou Port completed cargo throughput of 651 million tons and container throughput of 24.47 million TEUs, ranking fourth and fifth respectively in the world. By the end of August this year, the mileage of Guangzhou Expressway (including 130 kilometers of toll expressway) reached 1,144 kilometers, ranking first in the province … Figures show the development of Guangzhou’s transportation network. At present, Guangzhou’s comprehensive three-dimensional traffic network has been initially established, and its functions as an international hub have been steadily enhanced, which has played an important supporting role in creating a strategic fulcrum for the province’s new development pattern, promoting the in-depth implementation of major national strategic layouts such as "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area" and "Traffic Power", and helping the construction of national central cities and comprehensive gateway cities to a new level. Baiyun Airport route and Nansha Port foreign trade route reach the whole world. Looking northward, planes take off and land in an orderly manner at Baiyun International Airport. Last year, over 40 million passengers arrived and set off here, and the passenger throughput ranked first in the country. From Baiyun Airport, the two-hour flight can cover southwest, central and southern China, the four-hour flight can cover China and East Asia, West Asia, South Asia and North Asia, and the twelve-hour flight can cover major cities in the world. The future,A brand-new T3 terminal will rise in the southeast of the existing terminal area of Baiyun Airport, becoming a "new engine" to accelerate the construction of world-class airports in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and promote the high-quality development of Guangdong civil aviation. Looking to the south, trucks enter and leave the Nansha Port Terminal. On May 30th this year, Nansha Port officially opened the first China-Europe train since the Nansha Port railway operation, which truly realized the seamless connection between the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road in Nansha Port, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has since opened a new operation mode of "international train+port+park+industry". The "Third Ring Road+Nineteen Shoots" road network reaches 20 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province, between Baiyun Airport and Nansha Port Area, and Guangzhou South Railway Station is witnessing the development of high-speed railway. Ten years ago, Guangzhou South Railway Station was just completed, and Guangzhou has just ushered in the first high-speed railway-Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway. It takes three and a half hours to get from Guangzhou to Wuhan, and the "China Speed" begins in Guangzhou. The development of high-speed rail in China is changing rapidly. In 2021, the annual passenger flow of Guangzhou South Railway Station reached 124.39 million, ranking first in the annual passenger flow of national railway stations for many years in a row. Today, there are four high-speed rail exits from Guangzhou, including Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail (Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed rail), Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong high-speed rail, Guiguang high-speed rail and Nanguang high-speed rail. In addition, Guangzhou has planned a "two vertical and two horizontal" cross-shaped Guangzhou metropolitan area rail transit express network radiating from the center to the surrounding city centers, and is making every effort to build a 30-minute journey from Guangzhou center to Foshan and Dongguan centers.A 60-minute commuter circle to Zhongshan, Zhuhai and Qingyuan centers will create a new pattern of Greater Bay Area rail transit with "one ticket, one network and one city". The traffic network is smooth, and the blood flow of urban development is accelerated. Ten years ago, Guangzhou Expressway basically formed a "two rings (around the city+around the city) and 14 radial lines" expressway network layout; Today, the "Three Rings+Nineteen Shoots" main skeleton road network has basically taken shape. In the past ten years, Guangzhou has actively promoted the construction of high-speed network layout of ring+radiation, focusing on the construction and expansion of communication channels with surrounding cities. In 2018, the second phase (44 kilometers) of the North Third Ring Expressway was completed and opened to traffic, marking the completion of the Pearl River Delta Ring Road; In November 2020, the Huaguan Expressway (54 km) was completed and opened to traffic, which is of great significance to the economic integration of the Pearl River Delta. Today, the mileage of Guangzhou Expressway (including 130 kilometers of toll expressway) has reached 1,144 kilometers, ranking first in the province, and the density of expressway network in the city is 0.15 kilometers/square kilometer, which is in the forefront of the country; There are 21 expressway connecting with Greater Bay Area, reaching 20 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province and most provinces and cities in China. The subway speeds up the connection of Guangzhou-Foshan city bus to your doorstep. The traffic in the city is the artery of regional development, and the busy subway and bus are a microcosm of the city’s prosperity. The mileage of Guangzhou Metro has increased from 236 kilometers in 2012 to 621 kilometers at present, making it the third in China and the top five in the world. Three subway lines have been opened between Guangzhou and Buddha, and the process of urbanization has been accelerating.In the past ten years, Guangzhou has vigorously implemented the strategy of giving priority to the development of public transport and continuously improved the service level of urban public transport. 156 night bus lines rank among the top in the country. In the past ten years, Guangzhou has achieved full coverage of the bus network. The number and total length of bus lines in the six districts of downtown Guangzhou have increased from 726 and 11,411 kilometers to 843 and 14,373 kilometers, and a three-level bus system of "trunk, branch and micro" has been established. The 500-meter coverage rate of bus stops in the built-up area has increased from 87.30% to 100%. On August 12th, Dayuan Street, Baiyun District, opened the "Special Line for Supporting the Army and Benefiting Family Members", which is 9 kilometers long and has 13 stations along the way, so that officers and soldiers, their families and residents of Dayuan Street along the line can connect to the "last mile" of the subway and get to the "home door" by car. In the past ten years, Guangzhou has vigorously promoted the pilot work of convenience service vehicles. At present, there are 150 convenient service bus lines in Guangzhou, with an average daily passenger traffic of over 40,000 passengers. In the future, Guangzhou will be integrated into the global city coordinate system at a higher level and in a wider scope, improve the energy level of the comprehensive portal hub, and write a brand-new answer sheet for linking the world. Case Analysis The world’s first fully automatic terminal for river-sea-rail multimodal transport runs along the Pearl River, with red quays along the blue coast and orange unmanned intelligent guided vehicles passing by. The quays accurately complete container loading and unloading according to the instructions automatically issued by the information system. Intelligent guided vehicles automatically plan the path and transport the container to the destination through intelligent algorithms, just like the scenes in science fiction movies. On July 28 this year,Guangzhou Nansha Port Phase IV fully-automatic wharf was officially put into operation. This terminal is the first fully-automatic terminal for river-sea-rail multimodal transport in the world and the first newly-built automatic terminal in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. It is understood that the "super brain" which directs the operation of the fully-automated terminal in Nansha Port Area Phase IV is the first in the world and has China’s independent intellectual property rights, and it is the most intelligent automated terminal information system. "With this information system, the machinery and vehicles in our terminal are very obedient to ensure efficient operation." He Yeke, general manager of the fourth phase project of Nansha Port Area, said that judging from the normalized real ship operation test carried out in the first half of this year, the current efficiency has exceeded the level of traditional manual container terminals, and the future operation efficiency will be higher. Nansha Port Phase IV Terminal is the largest fully-automatic terminal with horizontal layout in the world at present. It has the ability to operate 4 large ships and 16 barges at the same time and can adapt to the operation mode of multimodal transport. Liu Ming, director of the field of robotics and autonomous systems and director of the Autopilot Center of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), said that the automated terminal provided a low-cost solution for the automation transformation of the entire port industry, and it was also possible to upgrade the old terminal to an intelligent terminal. Under the same scale, the reconstructed wharf can save about 70% manpower. Twenty years ago, Longxue Island in Nansha, Guangzhou was once a desert island, with no roads and no electricity. Now, there are more and more giant ships berthing here, and it has become one of the busiest ports in the world. Ding Yingpin, deputy director of Nansha Engineering Office of Guangzhou Port, is one of the builders who have been sticking to the front line of Nansha Port.He told reporters that Nansha Port Area is an important support for Guangzhou to build an international shipping hub and an important bearing area for Greater Bay Area’s shipping function. In recent ten years, it is the peak period of Guangzhou port construction, with a total investment of more than 20 billion yuan. Ding Yingpin said: "In the past ten years, we have built the largest automobile ro-ro terminal port area in China, the largest grain terminal in South China, the largest single cold storage in China and the largest cold chain distribution center in South China. After the completion of the fourth phase project of Nansha Port, the annual container handling capacity of Nansha Port is expected to exceed 24 million TEUs, ranking among the top single port areas in the world. Seeing these achievements, I feel that all the efforts and efforts are worthwhile. " The largest single terminal building in China will be built in 2025, with towering construction machinery and huge "steel arms" working in an orderly manner; Welders are assembling the steel structure grid. The sparks caused by welding and the roar of construction facilities show the busyness of the construction site … This is a common scene in the West Fourth Finger Gallery project of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Phase III expansion project. The West Four Finger Gallery Project and the East Four Finger Gallery Project of T2 Terminal are both important parts of the third phase expansion project of Baiyun Airport. After completion, T1 and T2 terminals will be connected into a whole to form the first terminal area of Baiyun Airport. "The steel grid structure has a high installation height, a large vertical and horizontal span, a large number of structural members and different specifications, and the construction is not difficult. Therefore, we adopt the safety construction technology of’ in-situ assembly+super-large hydraulic synchronous lifting’, and divide the steel structure roof into four lifting areas.In each area, the grid structure will be lifted in place once after the floor assembly is completed. Kuang Weiguo, executive manager of China Construction Eighth Bureau, the construction unit of this project, said that this technology has reduced a lot of high-altitude hoisting and welding operations, and achieved higher precision measurement and positioning and error control, ensuring faster and higher quality completion of the project. As a key project to help build the regional development pattern of "one core, one belt and one district" in Guangdong, the third phase expansion project of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport started on September 27, 2020, with a planned investment of over 54.4 billion yuan. In the future, the construction of T3 Terminal Building and Transportation Center, the largest single terminal building in China, will be carried out in an all-round way, and the earth and stone works in the flight area will be smoothly promoted. The East Fourth West Four Finger Gallery project will enter the main construction stage, and all parties will race against time to ensure that the third phase expansion project will be fully completed and put into use in 2025. Among them, the construction of T3 terminal attracts the most attention. T3 Terminal, with an area of over 420,000 square meters, was started on June 26th, 2021. After completion, it will become a terminal complex with multiple modes of transportation, introducing "two high-speed trains and two intercity trains"-Guanghe High-speed Railway, Guangzhou-Zhuhai (Macao) High-speed Railway, Guangzhou-Guangzhou-Shenzhen Intercity and Fangbai Intercity. Combined with the existing north extension line of Metro Line 3 in T1 and T2 Terminal, it will be possible to reach Guangzhou Railway Station or Guangzhou Baiyun within 20 minutes. Within 30 minutes, you can reach the old city and Tianhe central area through the expressway, and connect the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to further enhance the competitiveness of Guangzhou International Aviation Hub.

　　Cctv newsNational Medical Products Administration website reported on January 16th that in order to thoroughly implement the relevant requirements of the Central Leading Group for Response to Epidemic Situation and the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism on epidemic prevention and control, and effectively ensure the quality and safety of public medication, since the COVID-19 epidemic, National Medical Products Administration has deployed local drug regulatory authorities to continuously strengthen the quality supervision of drugs and equipment related to epidemic prevention and control, and intensify the crackdown on illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling drugs and equipment related to epidemic.

　　Among them, in view of the recent clues of illegal sales of Covid-19 infection drugs with unknown sources in the market, drug regulatory authorities in many places have adopted a combination of online monitoring and offline mopping, innovated regulatory ideas, dug deep into the source of the case and strictly investigated the illegality. Under the unified command, the local drug regulatory authorities and the local public security departments jointly enforced the law, and some criminal gangs and dens have been smashed, and a number of counterfeit Paxlovid (combined packaging of Nimatvir tablets and ritonavir tablets) and unapproved imported drugs have been seized on the spot during the net-closing operation. After inspection, some products seized did not contain effective pharmaceutical ingredients or illegally added other pharmaceutical ingredients, which was suspected of violating the provisions of Article 141 of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the crime of selling counterfeit drugs. At present, the case is being handled by the public security department according to law.

　　In order to thoroughly investigate risks, eliminate hidden dangers, and effectively protect the public’s drug demand and drug safety, National Medical Products Administration organized the national drug regulatory authorities to further strengthen the monitoring, mopping, inspection and case investigation of the manufacture and sale of counterfeit and inferior drugs for treating Covid-19 infection. If a suspected crime is found, it will be transferred to the public security and judicial organs according to law. At the same time, National Medical Products Administration is promoting the research, development and listing of therapeutic drugs in Covid-19 according to laws and regulations to serve the overall situation of epidemic prevention and control.

　　Jiang chenhui

　　The temperature drops in autumn and winter, and respiratory diseases such as influenza and acute bronchitis and intestinal infectious diseases such as norovirus infection occur frequently. If you don’t pay attention to your own protection, you may encounter disease. How to adapt to the weather changes and scientifically maintain health? In this issue, we invite experts from military hospitals to share some prevention and treatment methods of common diseases in autumn and winter, hoping to help everyone.

　　— — Editor

　　Efficient prevention and treatment of influenza

　　■ Dong Liangyi Special correspondent of this newspaper is appointed during the day.

　　Recently, many places in China have entered the rising period of influenza infection. Influenza is influenza, which is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus. Influenza virus is easy to mutate and highly contagious. The main transmission routes are droplet transmission and contact transmission, and people are generally susceptible.

　　Huang Lewei, deputy director of the Department of Respiratory Medicine of the Northern Theater General Hospital, said that influenza can be divided into mild, severe and critical diseases according to its severity. Most flu patients are mild, usually have fever for 3-5 days, and can recover by themselves after rest and symptomatic treatment such as fever reduction. Patients with severe influenza may have complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, meningitis and myocarditis. A few patients with rapid progress may also have serious complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute necrotizing encephalopathy or multiple organ dysfunction, reaching the critical level. Therefore, once symptoms such as persistent fever and dyspnea appear, it may be severe flu, so you should go to the hospital in time.

　　How to distinguish the flu from the common cold? The common cold has no obvious seasonality and can occur all year round; The main symptoms are sneezing, runny nose, sore throat, etc., and there are few systemic poisoning symptoms such as high fever and chills. Generally, it can be cured in about 1 week, with weak infectivity and no outbreak. Influenza is seasonal, and the epidemic peak in the northern region is generally from November to mid-March of the following year, and the epidemic peak in the southern region is generally in winter and summer every year. Compared with the common cold, influenza has an acute onset and severe symptoms, and often has obvious symptoms of systemic poisoning such as high fever, chills, headache, fatigue and loss of appetite, while respiratory symptoms such as sneezing and runny nose are mild.

　　In the flu season, if you have symptoms such as fever, body aches, weakness, etc., especially if you have had close contact with flu patients before the onset, you should be highly vigilant. Once the flu is diagnosed, it should be isolated and treated as soon as possible to prevent transmission to others. Patients with mild influenza can be treated according to the doctor’s advice. If symptoms of fever and headache occur, physical cooling can be carried out. When the fever exceeds 38.5℃, antipyretic and analgesic drugs such as loxoprofen sodium tablets and ibuprofen suspension can be taken. When cough symptoms appear, you can take licorice tablets, Asme and other cough medicines; When diarrhea symptoms appear, you can take antidiarrheal drugs such as montmorillonite powder and berberine hydrochloride. Patients with severe influenza should see a doctor as soon as possible and use antiviral drugs as soon as possible. Applying antiviral drugs within 48 hours can reduce complications and mortality.

　　The troops are highly concentrated, and if the prevention and control measures are not appropriate, it is easy to cause mass influenza incidents. Maintaining good personal hygiene habits is an important means to prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza. I suggest you pay attention to the following points: strengthen indoor ventilation and keep the indoor environment clean; Wash your hands frequently, preferably with soap and running water; Don’t touch your eyes, mouth and nose at will; Go to public places as little as possible during the flu season, and wear a mask when going to public places or seeking medical treatment; Strengthen physical exercise and pay attention to the combination of work and rest in daily life to enhance the body’s resistance.

　　Vaccination against influenza is an effective means to prevent influenza. Influenza virus is easy to mutate, and the flu vaccine varies from year to year. You can vaccinate once a year before the arrival of the influenza epidemic season to prevent influenza virus infection. People over 60 years old, children aged 6 months to 5 years old, pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases, etc. have weak resistance and are high-risk groups of influenza. It is recommended to vaccinate against influenza in time under the guidance of a doctor.

　　Scientific diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchitis

　　■ Shang Yan Xu Zikai

　　Acute bronchitis is an acute inflammation of trachea and bronchial mucosa caused by virus, bacteria, mycoplasma or chlamydia infection, which often occurs in late autumn and early winter or when the temperature suddenly becomes cold. Rain, excessive fatigue, irritating gases and common allergens (such as pollen and dust mites) may all induce acute bronchitis.

　　Patients with acute bronchitis usually have symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection such as nasal congestion and sore throat, followed by dry cough or a small amount of phlegm. With the aggravation of the disease, the amount of sputum gradually increased and the symptoms of cough intensified. Some patients may have chest tightness, asthma, severe cough accompanied by chest pain and other symptoms. Patients with severe illness will also have mild to moderate fever, and most of them will return to normal after 3 to 5 days. When the cough is severe or the chest pain and asthma are obvious, you should go to the hospital for examination in time, such as chest X-ray or chest CT, to rule out pneumonia, pneumothorax and other diseases.

　　Acute bronchitis is mostly caused by viral and bacterial infections. In case of virus infection, antiviral drugs can be applied according to the virus type. If it is a bacterial infection, you can choose the corresponding antibiotics according to your doctor’s advice. If the patient only has mild cough symptoms, and his daily activities and sleep will not be affected, it is recommended to observe the condition first and do not need to apply drugs immediately. If the cough is obvious at night, you can take antitussive drugs such as compound methoxyphenamine and codeine according to your doctor’s advice. If phlegm is difficult to cough up, ambroxol hydrochloride, eucalyptus, bromhexine and other expectorant drugs can be selected according to the doctor’s advice. If you have fever symptoms, you can take antipyretic drugs, rest properly, keep warm and drink plenty of water to avoid inhaling dust and irritating gases.

　　In addition to the above-mentioned routine treatment, clinical practice has found that massage, sticking, scrapping and moxibustion can also effectively relieve the symptoms of acute bronchitis such as cough and asthma. When there are symptoms such as sore throat, cough and asthma, we can scrape the three acupoints of Tiantu, Xuanji and Huagai, which can broaden the chest, regulate qi, eliminate phlegm and relieve cough. If you cough frequently, you can apply hot compress or moxibustion at Feishu point to warm the meridians to dispel cold and promote lung qi. When there are symptoms such as headache, stuffy nose, runny nose and fever, you can pinch Hegu point, hot compress or moxibustion Dazhui point, which can play the role of dispelling wind, relieving exterior syndrome, relieving fever and relieving pain. In addition, you can massage Zusanli, Shenque, Guanyuan, Sanyinjiao and other points before going to bed, which will help to enhance the body’s resistance.

　　How to prevent acute bronchitis? I suggest you pay attention to the following points in your daily life: do a good job of keeping warm and increase or decrease clothes in time according to the weather changes; Strengthen self-protection, and wear a mask when carrying out dust operations; Make a reasonable training plan to prevent the body from excessive fatigue; Soaking feet with hot water after training can not only relieve training fatigue, but also help the body dispel cold and dampness, warm and replenish yang, and prevent respiratory infectious diseases. In addition, try to avoid close contact with people with symptoms of respiratory diseases such as fever and cough. Once there are symptoms related to acute bronchitis, you should see a doctor in time.

　　Correct understanding of norovirus

　　■ Hu Ying Huang Qiao

　　October to March is the high season of norovirus infection. Norovirus belongs to calicivirus family, which has the characteristics of low infection dose, long detoxification time, strong external environmental resistance, short immune protection time and general susceptibility of people. It is one of the common pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis. After being infected with norovirus, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting will generally occur, and some infected people will also have symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, headache and fever.

　　Norovirus is a self-limited disease. Most patients have mild symptoms after onset, and they can recover after 2-3 days’ rest without special treatment. At present, there are no antiviral drugs against norovirus. If there are related symptoms, you can take the medicine according to your doctor’s advice. If you have fever symptoms, you can take antipyretic drugs; If there are symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea, you can take probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Bacillus licheniformis, and at the same time drink a small amount of water and take rehydration salts orally to supplement the electrolyte and water consumed by vomiting and diarrhea. It should be noted that you should not use antibiotics after being infected with Norovirus. Because norovirus is a viral infection, the use of antibiotics can not only alleviate the symptoms, but also cause intestinal flora disorder, which in turn aggravates the symptoms of diarrhea.

　　If infected with Norovirus, adults have symptoms such as persistent high fever, diarrhea or vomiting for many days, severe abdominal pain, lethargy, bloody stool or yellow bile-like liquid in vomit; Babies can’t take breast milk normally for several hours and have no urine for 4~6 hours; Children have symptoms such as anuria, sunken eye socket and poor skin elasticity for 6-8 hours, which indicates that the condition is serious, so they should seek medical attention in time and be treated according to the doctor’s advice.

　　Norovirus mainly spreads through contaminated water, food and the surface of objects. The incubation period is 12-72 hours, usually 24-48 hours. Because of the short incubation period, it is easy for many people to get sick in a short time in schools, troops and other crowded places. At present, there is no vaccine to prevent norovirus infection. Cutting off the transmission path of the virus is an effective way to prevent the spread of norovirus. Once the troops are infected with norovirus, they should immediately check whether the water source or food is polluted, and carry out strict disinfection to avoid spreading. When sterilizing the environment and articles contaminated by patients’ vomit or feces, chlorine-containing preparations should be used, and plastic gloves and masks should be worn to avoid direct contact with pollutants. Patients infected with norovirus should be treated in isolation to avoid transmission to others.

　　Maintaining good hygiene habits is an important means to prevent the spread of the virus. It is suggested that everyone should maintain hand hygiene in daily life, wash their hands with soap and running water before meals, after defecation and before processing food. Disinfecting wet wipes and hand-free disinfectants cannot replace hand washing. Pay attention to the hygiene of eating and drinking water, do not drink raw water, do not eat raw seafood and meat, and wash vegetables and fruits before eating; Do a good job in environmental cleaning and disinfection, regularly open windows for ventilation, regularly clean and disinfect rooms, kitchens, bathrooms and other public places, and use chlorine-containing disinfectants to treat sewage.

(Reporter Li Muyuan) The reporter learned from the "2017 National Symposium on Echinococcosis Prevention and Control Technology" held in Chengdu, Sichuan on June 13th that with the promotion of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, the prevention and control of echinococcosis among livestock in agricultural and pastoral areas in western China has achieved remarkable results. The total number of patients with echinococcosis has decreased from 380,000 estimated in 2004 to about 170,000 in 2016, and the infection rate of cattle, sheep and dogs has also dropped significantly.

　

Livestock such as cattle and sheep, canines and cats are the most important sources of infection of echinococcosis. For a long time, one of the main reasons for the poor prevention and control effect of echinococcosis in China is insufficient attention to the prevention and control of animal sources, lack of financial support for prevention and control at the national level, lack of effective communication and cooperation between ministries, imperfect animal disease prevention and control team, and backward research and development of prevention and control technologies and products.

　

On June 4th, 2015, Yu Zhengsheng, President of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, hosted the 32nd biweekly consultation forum with the theme of "Prevention and control of echinococcosis in western agricultural and pastoral areas". Up to now, a total of 68 biweekly consultation forums have been held since the 12th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, but this is the only one that takes the prevention and control of an infectious disease as the theme. "The opinions and suggestions put forward by this biweekly consultation forum provide a scientific basis for the central government’s decision-making." Shi Jianzhong, deputy director of China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, said.

　

Professor Wu Weiping from the Institute of Parasitic Diseases of China CDC introduced that according to the survey results of important human parasitic diseases in 2004, the average prevalence rate of echinococcosis in endemic areas was 1.08%. It is estimated that the threatened population is about 50 million, and the number of echinococcosis patients in China is about 380 thousand. With the strengthening of prevention and control of echinococcosis in China in recent years, especially since 2015, the number of patients with echinococcosis has dropped significantly. According to the latest survey results, by the end of 2016, there were more than 360 endemic counties of echinococcosis in China, with a population prevalence rate of 0.34% and a total of about 170,000 patients.

　

Animal source prevention and control has also achieved remarkable results. According to Shi Jianzhong, in 2016, the state issued the National Prevention and Control Plan for Key Parasitic Diseases such as Hydatid Disease (2016-2020), which clarified the prevention and control objectives, work indicators, prevention and control strategies and technical measures for the next stage. The central government’s emergency funds for echinococcosis prevention and control in 2015 and 2016 reached 440 million yuan and 470 million yuan respectively. And since 2017, the state has included the funds for prevention and control of echinococcosis in the affected provinces into the annual funds for animal epidemic prevention.

　

It is reported that in the past two years, China Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, in conjunction with animal epidemic control institutions at all levels in epidemic areas, has carried out a lot of work around the source control of echinococcosis. Not only did it explore the establishment of three models, such as dog administration, livestock immunity and comprehensive prevention and control of drug administration immunity, but also established six technology promotion demonstration zones in Sichuan, Qinghai and Xinjiang; Technical materials such as technical specifications for prevention and control of echinococcosis and manuals for prevention and control of echinococcosis in animals have also been compiled, which has improved the technical level of grass-roots animal epidemic prevention personnel; In addition, through the use of new drugs and vaccines, the measures to control the source of infection have been implemented, and at the same time, the labor difficulty of grassroots veterinarians and the risk of being bitten by dogs have been reduced.

　

Shi Jianzhong said that with the joint efforts of national and local veterinary departments, the prevention and control of echinococcosis among livestock in China has achieved remarkable results. From 2014 to 2016, the average infection rate of echinococcosis in cattle decreased from 4.46% to 2.12%, that of sheep decreased from 4.05% to 2.17%, and that of dogs decreased from 6.6% to 5.02%.

　

Shiqu county is a serious epidemic area of echinococcosis in China, and it is also one of the areas with the highest infection rate and the largest number of patients. In the past two years, as a national pilot project of echinococcosis prevention and control, the county has also achieved remarkable results in echinococcosis prevention and control. According to Mou Dengyu, deputy director of the Veterinary and Veterinary Medicine Department of the Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture, the infection rate of echinococcosis in cattle and sheep in shiqu county has dropped from over 40% at the beginning of last year to 32.58% at present; The infection rate of echinococcosis in dogs has dropped from 35% at the beginning of last year to 9.34% at present, and the decline rate is very obvious.

　

However, Shi Jianzhong said that the prevention and control of echinococcosis is a long-term work, and unremitting efforts are needed to achieve the national goal of basically controlling the epidemic of echinococcosis in 2020. At present, there are still some problems in rapid diagnosis technology, insect repellent for dogs, and the epidemic situation of wild animals. To solve these problems, all regions, industries and departments need to cooperate closely and cooperate to tackle key problems.

The exterior design is in line with the young consumers’ pursuit of fashion. Under the skillful hands of the designers, the front face of the new car adopts a brand-new straight waterfall grille design, and the interior is also equipped with a number of horizontal chrome trim strips, with the iconic red sign, which is highly recognizable, while the two sides are equipped with sharp headlight groups, and the shape of the internal lamp beads is also exquisite, and the visual effect after lighting is also very good. The front enclosure and fog light areas on both sides also have a strong sporty design, and the overall design is in line with the current trend.

As can be seen from the figure, the interior of the new car adopts the T-shaped center console design, which looks very simple and has a certain texture. At the same time, the embedded large-size center console is in the same line with the full LCD instrument panel, and the three-position and electronic shift lever design makes it look younger and younger, and the whole interior looks very classy! .

The car length of Hongqi HS5 is 4785mm, the car body width is 1905mm, and the wheelbase is 2870mm, which is quite satisfactory. In the same class, the wheelbase of Hongqi HS5 ranks 26th. This size exceeds most models in its class. The actual interior space performance is also very good. From the actual ride experience, the front and rear rows are relatively spacious. Red flag HS52.0T four-wheel drive flag collar Pro version of the skylight provides a wider field of vision, which can create a better visual environment and good sensitivity for the rear passengers and increase the light entrance for the whole vehicle. Among the models of the same price and class, the trunk volume of Hongqi HS5 ranks 51st. It can basically meet the luggage space for family travel. But there is no extra hidden storage space.

The Red Flag HS52.0T four-wheel drive flag collar Pro version uses a 2.0 engine, with a maximum horsepower of 252 and a peak torque of 380, matching the automatic manual transmission (AT) gearbox. It will definitely bring unforgettable control charm. The official measured acceleration of Hongqi HS5 is 7.7S, ranking 56th among 180,000-250,000 SUV models.

The active/passive safety configuration of Hongqi HS5 is complete, includingAutomatic parking、Zero tire pressure endurance tire、Automatic parking、Steep slope descent、hill start assist control、knee airbag、HUD head-up display、Anti-lock braking (ABS)、Braking force distribution (EBD/CBC, etc.)、Brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.)、Traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.)、Active noise reduction、Engine start and stop、Side safety air curtain、Wireless charging of mobile phone、night vision system、LED daytime running lights、Forward reversing radar、Tire pressure monitoring、Steering wheel heating、Body stability control (ESP/DSC, etc.)、Rear reversing radar、Fatigue reminder、Remote parking、Child seat interface、Lane keeping (LKAS)Equal configuration.

Among them,Automatic parkingYou can avoid stepping on the brakes for a long time or needing to pull frequently;Steep slope descentCan safely pass through steep slope road conditions at low speed;knee airbagReduce the injury of the car interior to the occupant’s knees in the secondary collision.

In addition to the above description, we can also go to the Easy Car Forum to browse more real car feedback from actual buyers, or use our experience.

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Passat’s design is elegant and atmospheric, and the front face adopts a family-owned chrome grille, which is integrated with the sharp headlights on both sides, making the whole front look more recognizable. The body lines are smooth, and the overall style is steady and modern.

Passat has a body size of 4948*1836*1469 mm, a wheelbase of 2871 mm, a front tread of 1584 mm and a rear tread of 1570 mm.. The side lines of the car body are smooth, extending from the front to the rear, presenting a steady and dynamic visual effect. The front and rear tyre size are both 235/45 R18, and the unique rim design further enhances Passat’s sporty atmosphere and visual impact.

Passat’s interior style is simple and atmospheric, with a sense of modernity and luxury. The steering wheel is made of leather, which has a comfortable grip and can be manually adjusted up and down and back and forth. The central control screen is 8 inches, which is clear and easy to read and easy to operate. The seat is made of imitation leather, and the main and auxiliary seats have heating and ventilation functions. The main seat is also equipped with 4-way height adjustment and 4-way waist support adjustment, which improves the driver’s comfort experience. The front seats also have an electric memory function, which is convenient for drivers to save their personal preferences. In addition, a USB interface and a Type-C interface are provided in the front row, and two Type-C interfaces are provided in the back row, which is convenient for passengers to connect multimedia devices or charge. The rear seats support proportional tilting, which increases the flexibility and practicability of the trunk.

Passat is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 137kW and a maximum torque of 320 N m.. Matching it is a 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox, which brings excellent power output and smooth shifting experience to drivers.

The owner of car home said that he was very satisfied with Passat’s appearance, and even brushed Tik Tok to watch Passat’s related contents every day before buying, and he was very excited. However, when he really owned Passat, although he didn’t feel as amazing as he thought, he still felt that the space of this car was spacious enough, and it was very good overall.