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On July 26th, local time, Russian Presidential Press Secretary peskov said that the Russian Ministry of Justice pushed to close the branch of Jewish Agency in Russia last week because it violated Russian laws and should not be "politicized".

The Jewish Affairs Bureau is an organization aimed at promoting overseas Jews to immigrate to Israel, and it has close ties with the Israeli government. At a time when the differences between Russia and Israel are widening due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the closure of the Jewish Affairs Bureau has caused concern about the direction of Russian-Israeli relations.

However, some Israeli officials pointed out that it is not good for Russia to damage Russia-Israel relations, and Israel should carefully handle Russia’s request to close the Jewish Affairs Bureau.

Claiming to violate privacy laws

According to Agence France-Presse and Israel’s Ha ‘aretz, a court in Moscow said on July 21 that the Russian Ministry of Justice asked the court to "dissolve" the Jewish Affairs Bureau with offices in several Russian cities for unknown legal reasons. According to Reuters and Ha ‘aretz, the court will hold a hearing on July 28th to decide the future of Jewish Affairs Bureau in Russia, and Russia is expected to submit more details to the court at that time.

According to the British "Guardian" reported on July 26, the Russian government accused the Jewish Affairs Bureau of violating the privacy law. Israel’s Jerusalem Post reported that the Russian government also sent warning letters to several Jewish organizations operating in Russia and funded by foreign countries last week. Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the Russian government has closed dozens of foreign-funded institutions and charitable organizations.

Peskov said that this incident should not be "politicized" or "affect the whole Russian-Israeli relationship".

According to Agence France-Presse, in response to peskov’s statement, a spokesman for Israeli Prime Minister Lapid said: "The relationship between Israel and Russia is based on a long history, regular communication and common interests." Israel also responded that the Jewish community is the core of Israel-Russia relations. If there are legal issues related to the activities of the Jewish Affairs Bureau in Russia, "Israel will, as always, be ready to participate in the dialogue."

Founded in 1929 and headquartered in Jerusalem, the Jewish Affairs Bureau is the largest Jewish non-profit organization in the world, which played a key role in helping Israel establish its state in 1948. In 1989, the Jewish Affairs Bureau began to operate in Russia. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, hundreds of thousands of Jews from all over the Soviet Union went to Israel to settle down. Of today’s 9.4 million Israeli population, more than 1 million have ties with the Soviet Union.

Russian-Israeli relations have not been smooth recently.

According to the Guardian, Israeli Prime Minister Lapid said on July 24th that Russia’s decision to close the Jewish Affairs Bureau would "seriously affect (bilateral) relations".

In response, Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zacharova responded in an interview with Russian state television on the 26 th that Israel "does it think that their actions and statements in recent months have not affected our relationship?" She also criticized Israel for being "totally unconstructive and most importantly biased" in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, "which is totally incomprehensible and strange to us".

Agence France-Presse quoted analysts as saying that Russia’s attempt to close the Jewish Affairs Bureau may be a warning to the Lapid government’s stance on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Although Israel is one of the few western countries that has not imposed sanctions on Russia and has not sold weapons to Ukraine, the Lapid government has adopted tougher language on Russia and Ukraine than its predecessor.

In April this year, it was reported that Russian troops "shot" civilians in Bucha and other places in Ukraine. Although Russia denied it, Lapid, then Israeli foreign minister, still accused Russia of committing war crimes.

In June, Pinchas Goldschmidt, the chief rabbi of Moscow (rabbi refers to the spiritual leader of Jews who is proficient in Tanah and Talmud and is responsible for presiding over Jewish religious ceremonies), was forced into exile in Israel because he refused to publicly support Russia’s "special military action" against Ukraine.

According to the Israel Times, on July 26th, Israel announced that it would expand its humanitarian aid to Ukraine, which would include financial support for non-governmental aid organizations operating in Ukraine for the first time.

On the same day, Israel also confirmed that when Israeli fighter planes attacked suspected Iranian targets in Syria in May this year, Russian troops fired at them, but they did not hit the target. However, Israel also believes that the fire incident is "unique".

In addition, Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov’s remarks in May that "Hitler is of Jewish descent" and "the most fanatical anti-Semitic elements are often Jews" also had an impact on Russian-Israeli relations, and Israel recalled its ambassador to Russia for this reason.

In addition, Russia’s request to close the Jewish Affairs Bureau may also have the consideration of alleviating the brain drain of high-skilled talents. According to Ha ‘aretz, after the conflict between Russia and Ukraine broke out, a large number of Jews from both countries returned to Israel.

Russia has a large number of Jewish communities. According to the data provided by the Jewish Affairs Bureau, tens of thousands of Russians have left their country since the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, most of them are highly educated and skilled personnel, and about 16,000 of them have come to Israel.

Israeli Immigration Minister Pnina Tamano-Shata told local Israeli television that according to the Law of Reunification, 600,000 Russians are eligible to immigrate to Israel. Since the closure of the Jewish Affairs Bureau in Russia, the number of applicants has increased.

Expert: You should not overreact.

In a report on July 25th, Washington post said that the request to close the Jewish Affairs Bureau made Russian-Israeli relations "highly tense".

However, Reuters reported that, despite their tough attitude towards Israel on issues related to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, both peskov and ZaHallova now seem to want to minimize the possible diplomatic impact of the closure of the Jewish Affairs Bureau.

According to Ha ‘aretz’s report on July 26th, Danny Yatom, the former head of the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad, also told the newspaper that Russia’s request to close the Jewish Affairs Bureau was "mainly rhetoric", and the damage to Russia-Israel relations was not good for Russia.

Yatom said that although Russian law requires organizations receiving foreign funding to register as "foreign agents", it has not been applied to the Jewish Affairs Bureau.

Yatom also pointed out that Putin deliberately created a "tense atmosphere" in Russia-Israel relations, which meant showing kindness to Iran. On July 20th, Putin visited Tehran and attended the trilateral summit with Iran and Turkey.

In view of the fact that Russia has not exerted other pressure on Israel except for its rhetoric, Yatom believes that Israel should not put pressure on Russia now.

According to another report in Reuters, Lapid instructed a group of Israeli legal experts to stand by, and once Russia agreed, they immediately flew to Moscow to coordinate and solve the dispute of the Jewish Affairs Bureau. Only as of the afternoon of July 26th, these people have not set out. According to this, Yatom believes: "There is still room for discussing diplomatic issues with the Russians." Israel should "stay in the diplomatic field."

On July 25th, several senior Israeli security experts and diplomats told Ha ‘aretz that Israel should act cautiously and take measured actions to solve the crisis. Yaakov Amidror, a former Israeli national security adviser, pointed out that Israel should not be "belligerent": "We must find a solution that will not lead to communication failure and disconnection between us and the Russians. If the situation worsens, Israel can decide to take effective measures, but we should take careful measures to avoid widening the gap between the two sides and worsening the situation. "

　　[literature and art watching tide]

　　Long-lost TV screens are frequently turned on, and the boot rate is rising. The warm picture of the family chasing the drama together is presented in every household. During the anti-epidemic period, various types of TV dramas, especially TV dramas with realistic themes, not only reflected real life, but also gave people warmth and tenderness, soothed people’s anxious hearts under the epidemic, and provided people with emotional comfort and spiritual nourishment.

　　Paying attention to friendship, love and family, focusing on the workplace and family, has both feelings and reflections.

　　In this period of national anti-epidemic days, high-quality TV dramas can be described as timely. Recently, major TV stations have broadcast a number of realistic TV dramas with ideals, feelings and responsibilities, focusing on friendship, love and affection, focusing on family, workplace and society, which not only provides people with an understanding of life, but also strengthens people’s reflection on life, so as to better understand the relationship between life and humanity and between individuals and countries during the epidemic.

　　Concern for people’s livelihood is still the immortal theme of realistic TV series. Happiness House is a TV series that pays attention to the aging problem. The drama tells a series of stories about Lao Le’s decision to "support the elderly" with his old colleagues Cui Litian and Zhao Spirit in order to reduce his son’s burden, and go out to inspect the nursing home together to solve the problem of providing for the elderly. Happiness knocks twice, focusing on the topic of female friendship and growth, tells the story of primary school teacher Luo Nannan and nursing home administrator Mei Yating, encouraging each other and supporting each other in the pursuit of happiness. Love is also one of the important topics of people’s livelihood. The next stop is happiness and Don’t think too much if you love me both tell the story of the protagonist overcoming the pressure from work and life, growing and progressing in affection, friendship and love, and finally getting a happy ending.

　　Recently, paying attention to workplace dramas in various industries has become one of the hot spots in the creation of realistic TV dramas. Anjia focuses on the real estate agency industry — — The joys and sorrows of customers and people in the intermediary industry are the condensation of life. In the process of selling houses by real estate agents, the play also shows all aspects of the house that are closely related to the people. The decisive court pays attention to the prosecutor group. The drama presents the mental outlook of the prosecutor profession and its practitioners through the stories of prosecutor Gao Jian and assistant prosecutor Fu Xiaorou in handling cases and restoring the truth.

　　Starting a business, staying in business and the development of a career connected with home and country are also one of the hot spots concerned by realistic TV dramas. The Melody of Endeavour tells about the transformation and development of the manufacturing industry and its achievements, cooperation and win-win between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises since the 18th CPC National Congress, centering on "Made in China" and "Created in China", and shows the development process of China from rich to strong. "I’m Waiting for You in Beijing" shows the entrepreneurial story of overseas travelers such as Xu Tian, a passionate lawyer, and Xia Xia, a cutting-edge designer, who bravely pursued their dreams and marched forward fearlessly from a foreign land to their native land.

　　In addition to the newly broadcast TV series, medical TV series has also become one of the hot spots of replaying TV series during the "epidemic" period, and 7 TV stations broadcast "Emergency Doctors"; In addition, outstanding works such as Ordinary World and Rivers, which pay attention to the reform and opening up and the changes of the times, and My Parents’ Love and My First Half Life, which pay attention to family life, have provided spiritual motivation and support for people to fight the epidemic.

　　A series of excellent realistic TV dramas draw a picture of life through the screen, which effectively enriches people’s lives during the epidemic, warms people’s hearts, relieves their emotions, and also gives people inspiration and courage to move on.

　　Passing the voice of the people, discovering and displaying the beauty of human nature not only presents life but also leads the times.

　　Realistic teleplays come from real life, and their common value is people’s common pursuit and yearning for human nature. Excellent realistic TV dramas are close to life and depict life, which not only brings people a full sense of substitution, but also provides a field for thinking about real life; Excellent works provide correct values, constantly warm people’s hearts through the pursuit and narration of truth, goodness and beauty, and give people the spiritual strength to work hard.

　　The comprehensive consideration and care for customers by intermediaries in Anjia not only reflects the professionalism of the industry, but also shows the brilliance of human nature; In Happiness Knocks Twice, the two protagonists face many troubles without losing their strength and courage in life, which represents people’s pursuit of a better life, and the mutual support and encouragement shows the value of friendship. The middle-aged and elderly people’s search for happiness in The House of Happiness shows the true meaning of a sense of security and happiness for the elderly. In addition, the "Emergency Doctor" rebroadcast by many TV stations once again touched the hearts of the audience because there were cases similar to the current epidemic. The play makes people deeply feel the noble character of selfless dedication of medical staff; The effective control and treatment of the disease has also greatly enhanced the confidence and courage of the people to win the epidemic.

　　Real life is the life of realistic TV series, and paying full attention to real life, conveying the voice and demand of the times, and discovering and reflecting people’s common pursuit of human nature are the premise and foundation for realistic TV series to play its functions and functions. Throughout the creation of realistic TV dramas in China, excellent TV dramas always pay close attention to people’s livelihood, explore human nature, track the development of the country and society, and provide a more refined picture of the real life and spiritual world of the people in China and China. These real life and spiritual world are concrete, comprehensive, vivid and vivid, which coincides with the development of society and the pace of the times. They present life and lead the times; It not only provides leisure and entertainment, but also soothes people’s hearts; It not only provides a way to criticize, but also provides a channel to vent. Excellent realistic teleplays have proved that, starting from the common vision and expectation of human nature, eulogizing the truth, goodness and beauty in human nature and spreading the upward spirit and inspiring power can not only arouse people’s extensive empathy, but also produce positive psychological resonance. Only in this way is the right way to create realistic TV dramas.

　　Inspire the recognition of beautiful reality in the collision between beauty and ugliness, so as to get warmth and encouragement.

　　For the creation of realistic TV series, reality is the source of its persistence in creation. Therefore, TV dramas with realistic themes should connect life and people’s striving for a better life and the pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty in human nature in series with vivid and vital reality, so as to provide viewers with emotional warmth, psychological comfort, spiritual guidance and action strength.

　　Only by refining real life, reflecting the changes of the times and showing the people’s beautiful living conditions, can the creation of realistic TV series show the rich emotional world, persistent struggle and unforgettable feelings of home and country in Chinese in the new era. Depicting vivid life is the basic requirement of realistic TV series. The survival and development of every concrete person is the survival and development in concrete life. The ever-changing and bittersweet life is the basis of people’s survival and the source of the creation of realistic TV dramas. The common point of realistic TV dramas, such as "Parents Love", "Rivers" and "Ordinary World", which are both popular and popular, is that they present concrete, subtle and magnificent real life.

　　We need to describe life, but we can’t stop at depicting reality. Excellent realistic TV dramas all use infinite and vivid life to express the common yearning and pursuit of warmth, love, kindness and happiness in human nature. A good realistic TV series must be in the collision of good, evil, beauty and ugliness, inspiring people’s empathy and recognition of the bright spots in human nature, thus gaining warmth and encouragement.

　　Only based on real life and beautiful human nature, realistic TV series can make people understand life, love life, and draw strength from the drama. Excellent realistic TV series can inspire and infect people, provide people with endless reflection and spiritual guidance, let the audience consider individual development in a broad social context, and provide confidence and strength. Settle down, Parents’ Love is the same to life emotion, Emergency Doctor and Melody of Endeavour are the same to professional industry, and rivers and ordinary world are even more so to struggle.

　　The epidemic has made us understand that life and reality have their cruel side. However, the people’s fight against the epidemic and achievements have strengthened our courage and strength in life. Excellent realistic TV plays have played an important role in our fight against the epidemic, showing its great significance for people’s spiritual and cultural satisfaction in special times and in usual days. We also expect that after the great victory in the "epidemic" war, the producers and creators of TV dramas will also be able to create excellent realistic TV dramas that reflect the national people’s fight against the COVID-19 epidemic, not only depicting the life and work of people from all walks of life in the epidemic, but also reflecting the common brilliance of human nature in the process of the "epidemic" war, so as to continue to warm the people, lead the times and provide strength.

　　(Author: Lv Peng, a researcher at the Institute of Journalism, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)

　　Not long ago, statistics released by the National Bureau of Statistics showed that the total national grain output in 2021 was 1,365.7 billion Jin, an increase of 26.7 billion Jin over the previous year, with an increase of 2.0%. The annual grain output reached a new high and remained above 1.3 trillion Jin for seven consecutive years. The harvest in the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan" was hard-won. According to the data of the third national land survey released in 2021, China’s cultivated land area is 1,917.9 million mu, but the quality of cultivated land is generally not high, of which 1/3 belongs to high-standard farmland, and 2/3 is low-yield farmland that depends on the weather. Therefore, ensuring food security is an eternal topic. Biological breeding technology is an important support for developing modern seed industry and solving food security problems.

　　New focus of international science and technology competition

　　Biological breeding is a process of cultivating new biological varieties by using the methods and principles of genetics, cell biology, modern bioengineering technology, transgenic, gene editing, whole genome selection and synthetic biology. Biological breeding technology embodies the latest achievements and applications of contemporary biological science research. Since the 20th century, biological breeding technology has gone through three leaps, namely, the "first green revolution" in 1950s, the hybrid rice technology in 1970s, and the molecular breeding stage since 1990s. Today, biological breeding has taken another big step forward, and advanced countries in the world have entered the era of intelligent design breeding based on biological big data technology from molecular breeding.

　　At present, seizing the commanding heights of biological breeding technology and its industrial development has become a major strategic choice for all countries in the world to enhance the core competitiveness of agricultural industry. The application of genetically modified crops has been accelerated, which has promoted the transformation of agricultural production mode. Especially since the commercial planting of transgenic crops in 1996, the variety of crops has expanded from 4 kinds of corn, soybean, cotton and rape to 32 kinds of potatoes, alfalfa, eggplant, sugarcane and apples. The planting area increased from 25.5 million mu to 2.86 billion mu, an increase of 112 times. The number of planting countries has increased from 6 to 29, and another 42 countries have approved the import application. The number of countries that have commercialized genetically modified crops in the world has reached 71.

　　In 2019, 74% of soybeans, 31% of corn, 79% of cotton and 27% of rapeseed in the world’s major crop planting area are genetically modified varieties, and 99% are insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant. It is precisely because of the application of insect-resistant and herbicide-resistant traits that the competitiveness of genetically modified crops such as corn and soybeans in terms of cost, price and quality has been improved, and the trade share of genetically modified agricultural products in the international agricultural products market has been greatly improved. In 2019, the global soybean and corn trade accounted for 95% and 70% respectively.

　　In recent years, with the completion of genome sequencing of many important species, genomics research has developed rapidly, and countries and multinational companies all over the world have stepped up their efforts to carry out basic research on gene function in order to compete for relevant intellectual property rights. In addition, the deep integration of transgenic technology with gene editing, synthetic biology and whole genome selection technology has promoted the development of biological breeding in the direction of systematization and integration of exogenous gene transfer, endogenous gene editing, metabolic pathway reconstruction and even artificial design and synthesis.

　　The development of technology has also promoted the upgrading iteration of biological breeding products. Taking transgenic products as an example, it has expanded from single insect resistance and herbicide tolerance to complex traits. New transgenic crops are resistant to many pests and herbicides, and some of them also have drought resistance, improved quality, high yield and high efficiency. At present, more than 70 kinds of gene editing products, such as high oleic acid soybean, disease-resistant rape and blue ear disease-resistant pig, have been launched all over the world.

　　Included in the strategic plan of China’s major scientific and technological development

　　In the international scientific and technological competition of biological breeding, China has actually begun to lay out its layout very early. As early as the middle and late 1980s, the National High-tech Research and Development Plan (863 Plan) included functional gene cloning, transgenic operation and breeding technology of new varieties of genetically modified organisms. The national key basic research and development plan (973 plan) also gives key support to the safety evaluation and risk control of genetically modified organisms; In 1999, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance jointly launched the "National Special Project on Research and Industrialization of Genetically Modified Plants". In 2006, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council approved the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-term Scientific and Technological Development Plan (2006-2020), which listed the cultivation of new varieties of genetically modified organisms as one of the 16 major national science and technology projects. In 2008, the major transgenic project was officially launched, with the goal of obtaining a number of functional genes with independent intellectual property rights and important application value, cultivating a number of new varieties of major transgenic animals and plants with resistance to pests and diseases, stress resistance, high quality, high yield and high efficiency, and improving the overall level of research and industrialization of agricultural genetically modified organisms.

　　In 2009, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee called for speeding up the major scientific and technological projects for the cultivation of new varieties of genetically modified organisms, integrating scientific research resources, intensifying research and development, cultivating a number of new varieties of genetically modified organisms with disease resistance, stress resistance, high yield, high quality and high efficiency as soon as possible, and promoting industrialization; In the same year, the State Council issued "Several Policies for Accelerating the Development of Bio-industry", which clearly stated that it was necessary to speed up the cultivation of bio-industry into a pillar industry in the high-tech field and a national strategic emerging industry. In 2010, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee requested to continue to implement the major scientific and technological projects for cultivating new varieties of genetically modified organisms, pay close attention to the development of functional genes and new varieties of organisms with important application value and independent intellectual property rights, and promote the industrialization of new varieties of genetically modified organisms on the basis of scientific evaluation and legal management.

　　In 2015, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee called for strengthening the research, safety management and scientific popularization of agricultural genetically modified organisms. In 2016, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee requested to strengthen the research and development and supervision of agricultural genetically modified technology and promote it carefully on the basis of ensuring safety. In 2020, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee called for strengthening agricultural biotechnology research and development. China’s "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" proposes to implement a number of forward-looking and strategic national major scientific and technological projects aimed at frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum information, integrated circuits, life and health, brain science, biological breeding, aerospace science and technology, and deep sea, which means that the development of biological breeding has risen to the height of national strategy.

　　In 2021, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee once again stressed that it is necessary to respect science, strictly supervise and promote the industrialized application of biological breeding in an orderly manner. The 20th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform held in the same year also emphasized that the seeds are the foundation of agricultural modernization, so it is necessary to promote the national seed industry, raise the safety of seed sources to a strategic height related to national security, and concentrate on solving problems, filling shortcomings, strengthening advantages and controlling risks, so as to realize the self-reliance and self-reliance of seed industry science and technology and the independent control of seed sources.

　　Realize the national seed industry’s scientific and technological self-reliance

　　Up to now, biological breeding has been included in one of the major strategic directions of China’s scientific and technological development, and has formed an innovative pattern of independent genes, independent technologies and independent varieties, and has bred more than 70,000 main crop varieties, which basically meets the needs of agricultural production.

　　On the one hand, the industrial application of transgenic insect-resistant cotton and disease-resistant papaya in China has achieved remarkable results, especially with the support of major transgenic projects, 197 new varieties of insect-resistant cotton have been bred, with a cumulative promotion of 510 million mu, a reduction of 650,000 tons of pesticides and a cumulative increase of 65 billion yuan.

　　On the other hand, China’s genetically modified soybeans and corn have been industrialized, and four insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified corn have obtained production and application safety certificates. Insect-resistant transgenic maize new strain has an insect-resistant effect of more than 95%, which effectively reduces pesticide consumption and aflatoxin pollution. Three herbicide-resistant transgenic soybeans in China have obtained safety certificates for production and application, and the cultivated new strains can reduce the cost of manual weeding by more than 30 yuan/mu and increase the yield by more than 5% compared with the control varieties.

　　In addition, China’s genetically modified rice, wheat and other products have formed a certain reserve. The research and development of insect-resistant rice is leading in the world, and it has obtained the safety certificate of production and application and the import license of the United States. The insect-resistant effect of this rice is over 95%, the pesticide consumption can be reduced by over 60%, and the yield is increased by over 10% compared with the control rice. The water use efficiency of the new drought-resistant and water-saving transgenic wheat strain is improved by more than 10%, which can greatly reduce irrigation water and effectively alleviate the problem of water shortage.

　　The Research Achievements of Patent Navigation in Biological Breeding Industry released by China National Intellectual Property Administration Intellectual Property Development Research Center shows that at present, the number of patent applications for biological breeding in China ranks first in the world, and the number of patent applications for molecular marker breeding has surpassed that of the United States, making it the country with the largest number of applications. However, on the whole, there is still a big gap between China’s biological breeding and developed countries such as the United States and Europe, and it is still possible to be "stuck".

　　Wan Jianmin, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and vice president of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that there is an era gap between China’s biological breeding and foreign advanced level. Some foreign scientists have divided the breeding development into four eras, namely, the era of farmers’ selection, the era of phenotypic selection, the era of molecular breeding, and the era of big data intelligent design breeding. The world-class seed industry has moved towards the 4.0 era of design breeding, while the seed industry in China is still in the process of moving towards the era of molecular breeding.

　　He said that biological breeding is the core of seed industry innovation. Building a modern biological breeding innovation system, strengthening the deep excavation of germplasm resources, breaking through the key technologies of cutting-edge breeding, cultivating strategic new varieties, and realizing self-reliance and self-reliance of seed industry science and technology are the key to solving the "seed source" and winning the seed industry’s turnaround, and the fundamental guarantee for firmly grasping the initiative of food security.

　　Li Jiayang, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and a researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Development of China Academy of Sciences, believes that the future development direction of agriculture is high and stable yield, high-quality nutrition, high efficiency and safety, and agricultural industrialization. China’s agricultural modernization has reached a new stage of accelerating the transformation of development mode, and we must rely more on science and technology to achieve innovation drive, and continuously provide a strong driving force for agricultural development transformation and upgrading, quality improvement and efficiency improvement. Biological breeding is a very important aspect to ensure national food security in the future. In the future, we will further apply biological breeding technology to cultivate more high-yield, high-quality, stress-resistant and efficient seeds through propagating Silicon Valley in the south, so as to ensure national food security and make everyone eat well, eat well and eat healthily.

　　Author: Luo Zhongyun

Source: Guangming Net

1905 movie network news　At present, the roadshow with the theme of "king of comedy, a fresh start" is under way, and Stephen Chow, with the leading actors of "New king of comedy", rushed to all parts of the country to meet the audience. On January 27th, starring Wang Baoqiang came to Taiyuan, Shanxi, and appeared in wanda plaza and Yuci Ocean Park in Taiyuan. The enthusiastic audience interacted with Baoqiang, participated in impromptu performances, and recreated the hilarious scene of a walk-on competition for posts. Finally, Wang Baoqiang led the audience to shout "Work hard and strive" in 2019.

Wang Baoqiang recalled the release of "New king of comedy" by sea lions, an animal guest of "Living in the North".

At the press conference, Wang Baoqiang not only shared her "star girl" style in "New king of comedy", but also shouted "Work hard" to the fans and friends who arrived at the scene. Bao Qiang said that after reading the story of New king of comedy, people with dreams can see hope. Even though the protagonist’s struggle process is very hard, they will be able to "wait until dawn" with persistent belief.

Later, in Ocean Park, Baoqiang shared his "drifting north" life with the audience. Even though he lived in a simple and humid basement and even had eczema on his waist, he never gave up his dream of being an actor and tried to seize every opportunity to struggle. Facing the sea lion, an animal guest in Ocean Park, Wang Baoqiang expressed great surprise. The sea lion actor even returned to the stage for the third time to cheer for New king of comedy, which is the most "hard-working" actor on the scene. Wang Baoqiang took the initiative to thank the animal guest and took a cordial photo with the sea lion. After the performance of the sea lion, the climax of the activity was ushered in. Two mermaid performers sent eye-catching blessings to "New king of comedy", and the audience all took out their mobile phones to record this short and beautiful moment.

The joy that Wang Baoqiang brought to Taiyuan’s friends does not stop there. In the atrium of wanda plaza, Taiyuan, enthusiastic fans who participated in the event recreated the walk-on improvisation of king of comedy, and the scene was very hilarious. Dedicated fans across from Wang Baoqiang still insist that "mass actors are also actors", and the audience’s eyes are discerning, so they must let go of themselves and perform with true feelings. Wang Baoqiang also sent a "New king of comedy" red envelope to every devoted audience, wishing everyone more gains in the new year. Then in Yuci Ocean Park, Taiyuan, Baoqiang gave the audience a small surprise gift from New king of comedy.

Twenty years after Stephen Chow’s classic, a new chapter in king of comedy begins with a "new".

For Stephen Chow’s films, what the audience miss most is his early unadorned pure comedy elements and his precise control of digging up the joys and sorrows of small people. As a classic comedy that influenced countless people, king of comedy ushered in a new chapter after 20 years.

The script has been polished for three years, focusing on the little people again. This time, the elements of Stephen Chow have returned in an all-round way. Stephen Chow said that he actually needed time. The New king of comedy is not only a simple movie, but also very important and meaningful to him. Wang Baoqiang also admitted frankly in Taiyuan that the spirit of "New king of comedy" is actually reflecting the little people who live seriously and strive for it. The audience can often see the true, confident, serious and even serious spirit in the little people. When I was a walk-on myself, I still tried to pursue my dreams in the face of difficulties. Just like the heroine in the trailer, what I need most may be a voice telling myself, "He works hard and he will succeed."

The whole "newness" of New king of comedy is that Yin Tianchou worked hard for a long time 20 years ago, but at the end he still lost the chance to play the leading role. And 20 years later, the life of the actors in "New king of comedy" will not be a walk-on forever. It can be said that 20 years ago, the audience did not see the "dawn" with Yin Tianchou, but 20 years later, everyone should see that it was really beautiful after dawn.

At present, the pre-sale of movies has been fully opened, and "New king of comedy" will be fully released on the first day of 2019.

1905 movie network news Jessica Chastain, a model worker, confirmed that she would play the villain in the film. After being well received, 20th Century Fox set out to prepare this ambitious sequel. In addition to Harmony, X-Men: Dark Phoenix is highly anticipated, and simon kinberg, the veteran of the X-Men universe, will direct the film.

The story of "Dark Phoenix" will be continued, and Jean Grey played by sophie turner is gradually swallowed up by her own too powerful power and eventually becomes "Dark Phoenix". At present, the film is being produced in Montreal, and "Model Worker Sister" took a photo with "Yimei" on Instagram, and the two were very close. Chastain pinched each other’s cheeks, and "Yimei" also grimaced with a grin: "Is Yimei baby ready? I will beat you to tears! " If you don’t come well, you must think that Chastain’s role has "the power of the wild".

Although she didn’t confirm which role she played, foreign media speculated earlier that she would play Queen Lelandra. As a royal member of the Greek Empire, her famous saying is: "In order for our beloved empire to finally achieve great achievements, we must make sacrifices!" Is a very strong woman.

Lelandra’s family is very chaotic. The "Bird of Death" is her sister. After committing the crime of patricide (and murdering one of her sisters), this person lost the right to inherit the throne and was eventually exiled in the universe. The queen’s younger brother succeeded to the throne, but he was crazy and tried to use the power in the crystal ball of Mercurian, realizing that his younger brother’s move would destroy the universe. Lelandra tried to stop him, but was arrested on the charge of usurping the throne and seizing power.

Later, she managed to escape before being executed and came to the earth to seek the help of "Professor X". They fell in love after suffering. If Chastain plays this role, it remains to be seen how the film will present the relationship between these two people.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Los Angeles, July 18 (Reporter Takayama) The organizing committee of the 2028 Los Angeles Olympic and Paralympic Games announced on July 18 that the opening ceremony of the Summer Olympic Games will be held on July 14, 2028, and the schedule will last until July 30; The Paralympic Games will kick off on August 15, 2028 and close on August 27.

　　This will be the third time that Los Angeles, the second largest city in the United States, will host the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games for the first time. Los Angeles has previously hosted the 1932 and 1984 Olympic Games.

　　The Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee predicts that 15,000 athletes will participate in this Olympic and Paralympic Games. The organizing committee indicated that it would make full use of the existing world-class venues and sports facilities in Los Angeles to ensure the sustainability and economic affordability of the event.

　　Janet evans, the chairman of the Athletes’ Committee of the Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee and a famous American swimmer who won five Olympic medals, said in the statement of the organizing committee that this represents the beginning of the countdown to the 2028 Los Angeles Olympic and Paralympic Games, and she believes that this event will show its unique charm and show the excellent stadiums and culture in Southern California to athletes and sports fans.

　　Mayor Gachetti of Los Angeles also said in the statement that Los Angeles is ready to host the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games, which will bring great opportunities to Los Angeles and leave an eternal legacy for future generations.

What is the latest version of Android system?

　　What is the latest version of Android system?? Recently, Google officially launched the Android 6.0 system. At present, many mobile phones have already launched updates to the Android 6.0 system. Now let’s learn the details of Android 6.0.

　　What’s the latest version of Android? In the early morning of September 30th, 2015, Beijing time, Google officially released Android 6.0 code-named "Marshmallow" at the new product launch conference in the autumn of 2015. Sure enough, Android 6.0 has greatly optimized the software experience and running performance. According to tests, Android 6.0 can increase the battery life of devices by 30%.

　　In terms of specific system improvements, Google optimizes the use of the application stack, and at the same time, it adds the functions of initial search and fast scrolling, and can display the most frequently used applications in conspicuous areas; The native support of fingerprint identification can make it easier for users to use fingerprints for account login or payment. Of course, this time Android 6.0 brings a more powerful Google Now speech recognition function, and you can get the message directly by long pressing the Home button. Regrettably, most domestic friends still have no chance to experience this function. So what’s the latest version of Android?

　　It is observed that Android 6.0 does bring a good user experience. Under the premise of further improving the system fluency, the system interface is more user-friendly, and even draws lessons from the style of WP system, so it is more in line with user habits.

　　aboutWhat is the latest version of Android system?At present, Samsung has launched a number of mobile phones to update the Android 6.0 system, taking the lead in experiencing the new functions and features of the Android 6.0 system. If other mobile phones want to update the Android 6.0 system, it is estimated that it will take some time.

rosamund pike

Carolina Bang

　　On September 10th, local time, the 67th Venice International Film Festival entered the process of the last competition day. On that day, there were three films in the competition unit, which were directed by German director tom tykwer, The Road Without Fruits directed by American director monte hellman and Barney’s Version by richard lewis.

　　After the screening of three competition films on that day, all the films of the main competition units of this Venice Film Festival were screened. Next, the jury will hold a vote and review. The award ceremony of the film festival will also be held on September 11th, local time. At that time, we will wait and see which film can win the top spot.
　

"Three" starring group photo

III: Challenging the bottom line of public ethics

　　Tom tykwer is a German director familiar to the audience in China, but most of the films we are familiar with under the name of Tikwei are in English, such as Perfume, which made him gain international fame. Tom tykwer is the most powerful spokesman of the German film industry in the international film industry. When Herzog and Wenders didn’t have any new films, Schlondorf stood still, he bravely stood up. From the first feature film "Dying Maria", he let the audience see his own directing style. This style is cheerful and lively, which is quite different from the previous dull, accurate and unimaginative German films. The cartoon and modernization in 1998 made people realize that this is a completely different German director. Although the structure of the film was copied from Song of Opportunity by Polish movie master Khiesz Lovsky, it won the praise of fans for tom tykwer.

　　The film tom tykwer brought to Venice this time is called "Three". Although it is a comedy, there are many scenes and dialogues full of jokes, but the facts it shows are somewhat unacceptable. The dialogue language of the film is German, and it is also the first time that tom tykwer has returned to her mother tongue to shoot a drama film in the past ten years. The film has a relatively closed story. A young couple, Hannah and Simon, live in Berlin today. They have lived together for a long time and know each other’s habits, personalities and physiology very well. Their relationship can be said to be harmonious or nothing new. Just when the marriage was in a calm platform, they met a very attractive man Adam. Naturally, Hannah fell in love with Adam; Unexpectedly, Adam and Simon also started a brokeback relationship. At first, three people kept polite contact with each other, but things will come to light one day-extramarital affairs and homosexuality are still unacceptable to many people in this society after all. How should these three middle-aged people end up and how should they face their emotional and physical problems is a huge problem. It seems that there is no solution to this problem.

　　According to tom tykwer, this film does not have the power of moral criticism, nor does it teach people how to choose the task of life. Of course, this is not his biography. He made this film because he felt the life experience of middle-aged people and understood what the "middle-aged crisis" was. In his view, after middle age, people’s daily life is aging, not growing. Without enterprise and belief, the sense of crisis will hit hard. Some people can understand the midlife crisis very early, while others can feel it later. This sense of crisis is even more sad under the stimulation of some external things, such as the departure of relatives and so on. Tikwei said: "I am exposed to similar feelings. The fiction and reality of the film are twins. What interests me is that I am willing to be deceived and I am willing to believe that lies have something to do with reality. " Regarding the moral of the film, Tikwei gave an incomprehensible answer. He said that Adam represents science and Simon represents culture in the film. Maybe what Tikwei wants to say is rational thinking and perceptual thinking. Hannah chose two men because of her choice of thinking and metaphysics. Then there is no way to separate reason from sensibility, so Adam and Simon have the feeling of "brokeback" because they are "twins" originally.

　　After the film was shown, the media responded well, especially the description of German life, work, life and sexual intercourse in the film was praised by many media. After all, it is not easy to see a quiet Germany in Tikwei’s films. However, the film is still a bit cumbersome in narrative. Variety Magazine commented: "The film is still too verbose in narrative. It would be better if the relationship between the characters and the problems in their lives could be explained more clearly."

The next page "The Road Without Fruits": a realistic cult film

The operation of locking orders in futures and its advantages and disadvantages

In the field of futures trading, lock orders are a special operation strategy. Lock order, in simple terms, means that investors hold long positions in a futures contract and the same number of short positions in the contract.

The advantages of single lock operation are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

First of all, it can help investors to temporarily lock in the profit and loss of existing positions when the market situation fluctuates violently and the direction is unclear. For example, when investors are confused about the market outlook, but don’t want to close their positions and leave, locking orders can avoid huge losses caused by sudden changes in the market.

Secondly, locking orders can buy investors more time to analyze the market and adjust trading strategies. During the period of market turmoil, investors can think calmly, re-evaluate the market situation and make more informed decisions.

Furthermore, for some futures contracts with overnight position restrictions, lock orders can avoid the restrictions of relevant regulations and maintain the existence of positions.

However, the locking operation is not without its drawbacks.

On the one hand, although the lock order locks the profit and loss, it also takes up double the margin. This may lead to the inefficient use of funds, especially in the case of limited funds, which may affect investors’ grasp of other trading opportunities.

On the other hand, long-term lock orders may make investors fall into an "ostrich mentality" and are unwilling to actively face and deal with loss-making positions, thus missing the best opportunity to unwind.

In addition, locking orders may increase transaction costs. Because every time you open a warehouse and open a flat warehouse, you need to pay a handling fee. If you lock the order frequently, the accumulated transaction cost may be considerable.

The following is a table to more clearly compare the advantages and disadvantages of locking single operation:

To sum up, lock orders are an operational strategy that can be adopted under specific market conditions, but investors need to fully understand their advantages and disadvantages, and use them carefully in combination with their own risk tolerance, capital situation and trading strategies.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

Original new biography reading society new biography reading society

This is the "Guide to the Core Literature of Social Media Research"

001 articles

Starting today, we hope to do an interesting and important thing: to sort out the core literature of social media research and try to draw an academic map for this field.

Today, the 001st paper of this project is pushed, and it is also the most cited paper in social media research: Social Website: Definition, History and Academic Map.

Boyd, D.M., & Ellison, N.B. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer ‐ Mediated Communication, 13 (1), 210-230. (Cited: 18601)

The question we want to answer is:

★ In this paper, how do Boyd and Ellision define social networking sites?

★ What does this definition inspire the research of social networking sites?

★ What amendments have been made to this definition in the follow-up study?

Of course, in addition to reading, if you are interested in this plan and want to "blend in" together, please read the project plan at the end of the push and contact us.

In the history of social networking sites, 2007 is worth remembering. At the end of this year, Read/WriteWeb, a well-known Internet technology review blog, decided to award the IT company of the year award to Facebook, not Google. The reason is that Facebook broke the closed system of traditional social networking sites and allowed users to obtain plug-ins from third-party companies in the site. In other words, since then, Facebook has raised its "connection" potential to a new level and become an open co-writing space.

In 2007, beyond the commercial horizon, social networking sites, as academic research objects, also ushered in its landmark works, and the key word was still "connection". If we look back in 2007, a lot of academic research on social networking sites has been accumulated in the field of humanities and social sciences, but the dialogue between them is still incomplete and needs to be integrated urgently. Therefore, the Journal of Computer Aided Communication (JCMC) published a special issue on social networking sites in 2007, and invited two scholars, danah boyd and Nicole Ellison, to write an opening article. In this opening article, two scholars discussed the definition, history and academic map of social networking sites. Among them, their definition of social networking sites has been widely cited by subsequent studies and has become a classic work in the field of social networking sites.

Here we need to briefly explain from three levels why "definition" is important for social networking sites. First, the definition represents the boundary of research. Tampering with raymond carver’s words means what we are talking about when we are talking about social networking sites. Second, the definition focuses on the research field of vision. In our definition, we distinguish social networking sites from other types of websites, and the difference is likely to be the focus of follow-up research. Third, the evolution of definition also reflects the changes of technology. Social networking sites are essentially evolving with technological updates. In the following, we will focus on the definition of social networking sites in this paper and the revision of this definition in subsequent research.

In boyd and Ellison’s review, as of 2007, social networking sites have experienced three stages of development. Sixdegree.com, established in 1997, is regarded as the starting point of social networking site. However, perhaps because it was too ahead of the times, the site announced that it would stop operating in 2001. 2003 witnessed the second stage of the development of social networking sites. Many social networking sites have mushroomed and gradually become mainstream. One of the representative websites is MySpace, which we are familiar with. Then, in the third stage, the appearance of Facebook expanded the influence of social networking sites to a global scale. So, can we sort out a common clue for these different social networking sites? What are the similarities between them, which can be summarized under the same noun?

In this paper, the two authors define social networking sites as follows:

"We define social networking sites as an Internet-based service. It allows individuals (1) to establish a public or semi-public personal homepage in a closed system; (2) establish a connection with other users and present a list of contacts on the personal homepage; And (3) viewing and shuttling through the list of connections established by oneself and others in the system. The nature and naming of these links may vary from website to website. "

Next, we will briefly interpret these three characteristics:

1. Home page

The first keyword in the definition of social networking sites is the home page. Personal homepage is the pillar of social media and the basic unit and node of social networking sites, which is one of the most important differences between social networking sites, instant messaging tools and BBS. According to boyd and Ellison, the magic of personal homepage is that it allows users to "type themselves into being". For example, users need to fill in a series of questions on their personal homepage, such as head portrait, age, residence, interests, and a series of "about me" information. This process is self-sketching. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand why the research on self-construction and impression management in social networking sites has been launched since the 1990s and has become one of the core concepts of the research.

Step 2 connect

The second keyword in the definition of social networking sites is connection. The author thinks that the uniqueness of social networking sites is not that they allow individuals to meet strangers, but that they allow users to show their social networks. This is another important difference between social networking sites and instant messaging tools. What excites researchers is that this relationship has different names in different social media-Weibo calls it "fans", Twitter calls it "followers" and Facebook calls it "friends". So, what is the relationship between people in social networking sites? More interestingly, when social networking sites use the title "friend", how will the meaning of the word "friend" change quietly?

Step 3 shuttle

The third keyword in the definition of social networking sites is traverse. This word has at least two dimensions. First, people can shuttle through their friends lists and check their friends’ messages at any time, so they can establish their own relationship network; Secondly, people can often check who their friends have. Recall that when Sixdegree.com used the metaphor of "six dimensions" in naming, he actually expressed the value of the second layer of shuttle. Similarly, one of the visions of Tinder, a dating software, is to firmly believe that people with common friends are more likely to become friends. If we continue along this line of thought, we will surely meet Caroline Haythornthwaite’s classic research on "latent ties" in 2005. Of course, from another perspective, when you are shuttling with other people’s homepages, you are also being shuttled by others. This also explains why privacy and visibility will become an important clue in the research of social networking sites.

Since its publication, the paper I introduced to you has been cited by tens of thousands of follow-up studies, most of which focus on its definition of social networking sites. However, if we stand in today’s coordinates and look back at this definition more than ten years ago, we may feel some old traces of the times. With the evolution of technology, have these three keywords changed? After all, definition can only be responsible for defining "being", but not for predicting "becoming".

In 2013, boyd and Ellison joined forces again to update the three characteristics of this definition, which are briefly described as follows for your reference:

(1) The importance of personal homepage has been greatly reduced, and social networking sites have changed from homepage-oriented socialization to behavior-oriented socialization. Even if the homepage still exists, it is no longer a static self-description, but a dynamic combination of different types of status updates.

(2) Friend list no longer only describes the circle of friends of users, but more importantly, it shows a social graph of users through algorithms.

(3) Social networking sites provide more possibilities for shuttle. Users used to only use social networking sites to establish and maintain their own relationship circle, so shuttle is closed in nature. With the continuous introduction of new functions, this closeness has been constantly broken. For example, hashtags allow people to jump out of their circle of friends and meet strangers at a more public level.

Accordingly, boyd and Ellison also gave a new definition of social networking site:

Social networking site is a networked communication platform, in which participants (1) have a unique and identifiable personal homepage, which includes the content provided by users themselves, the content provided by other users, and the data content at the system level (2) can publicly display their social relationships and be browsed and shuttled by others (3) can consume, produce and/or interact with the content stream provided by contacts in the site.

This change in technology and culture can also be reflected in the purport of researchers, such as algorithms and privacy, tag community and other research topics have gradually emerged and highlighted. Of course, even if the definitions provided by boyd and Ellison are updated, it has been seven years since this article was written. What changes have taken place in the characteristics of social networking sites? What surprises can these changes provide for our research and thinking?

From this point of view, American scholar Jeff Pooley is right, and communication research is destined to be a humble undertaking, because the continuous updating and iteration of technology will make us push a stone up the mountain like Sisyphus in Greek mythology, and then see it roll back again and again until forever.

Note: It should be noted that the two authors used "Social Network Site" instead of Social Media. If we make a diachronic analysis of the researcher’s choice of "wording", we will find the characteristics of the times. Between 2003 and 2008, the word "social networking site" was used twice as much as "social media" in research papers. However, from 2009 to 2014, this relationship was reversed, and social media has largely replaced the term "social networking site". Social media is the result of the continuous expansion of technology developers. Compared with social networking sites, it has a wider extension, or social networking sites have now condescended to become a subset of social media. See McCay-Peet & Quan-Haase, 2017.

Next, it is an advertisement. ……

Our Social Media Research Core Literature Reading Guide Program

Officially began to recruit participants.

1. What do we hope to do: We hope to systematically sort out the English core papers and latest research on social media research and draw an "academic map" in this research field.

Second, how do we want to do this? We will connect a clue for these studies on the basis of understanding them through reading guidance and discussion.

Third, what principles will we choose the literature according to:

(1) The most frequently discussed questions and keywords in the top English journals.

(2) The core topics contained in the Handbook published by 2)Sage, Oxford and other institutions in the fields of Internet and social media.

(3) Based on the categories of the first two, the core original works that are most worth reading are selected.

4. What is the value of this matter? We will jointly understand the approach of social media research and introduce the latest international research progress in a crowdsourcing form.

5. How do we accomplish this? We will recruit master students and doctoral students who are interested in social media and have a good English level to read and discuss together, and in the process, we will gain an academic map of our own.

6. What documents will we read specifically: In addition to the classic papers pushed in this issue, the following examples give ten examples, hoping to give you a general idea of what research we are paying attention to.

1. The Extended Self of the Digital World

Belk, R. W. (2013). Extended self in adigital world. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(3), 477-500.

2. The Benefits of Facebook Friends: Social Capital and the Use of Social Networking Sites for College Students.

Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and collegestudents’ use of online social network sites. Journal of computer-mediatedcommunication, 12(4), 1143-1168.

3. "Everyone knows your (online) name: online games as a" third place ""

Steinkuehler, C. A., & Williams, D.(2006). Where everybody knows your (screen) name: Online games as “thirdplaces”. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 11(4), 885-909.

4. "Digital Native (Young) Residents (Young) People (Children): the Difference of Internet Skills and Use of the Internet Generation"

Hargittai, E. (2010). Digital na (t) ives? Variation in internet skills and uses among members of the “netgeneration”. Sociological inquiry, 80(1), 92-113.

5. "Want to be at the top? The pow of algorithms and that threat of invisibility in face book.

Bucher, T. (2012). Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook. New media& society, 14(7), 1164-1180.

6. "What’s in the smile? How do people with disabilities participate in politics through selfies and emotions?

Yadlin-Segal, A. (2019). What’s in a smile? Politicizing disability through selfies and affect. Journal ofComputer-Mediated Communication, 24(1), 36-50.

7. "You Never Know Who’s Watching": Imaginary Monitoring in Social Media Platform.

Duffy, B. E., & Chan, N. K. (2019). “Younever really know who’s looking”: Imagined surveillance across social mediaplatforms. New Media & Society, 21(1), 119-138.

8. The Echo Room is Overrated: Political Interest and the Moderating Effect of Multi-media.

Dubois, E., & Blank, G. (2018). The echochamber is overstated: the moderating effect of political interest and diversemedia. Information, Communication & Society, 21(5), 729-745.

9. From Participatory Culture to Participatory Fatigue: Public Issues.

Porlezza C. From participatory culture toparticipatory fatigue: The problem with the public. Social Media + Society,2019, 5(3): 2056305119856684.

10. "Roaming Method: A Path to Research APP"

Light, B., Burgess, J.,& Duguay, S. (2018). The walkthrough method: An approach to the study ofapps. New media & society, 20(3), 881-900.

Original title: "What are we talking about when we talk about social networking sites? 》

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