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Guangdong Provincial People’s Government on Reforming and Perfecting the Provincial Policy

Opinions on the implementation of financial transfer payment system

People’s governments at the local level and listed, people’s governments of counties (cities, districts), departments and institutions directly under the provincial government:

　　In order to deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system and accelerate the establishment of a modern financial system, according to the requirements of "Opinions of the State Council on Reforming and Perfecting the Central-local Transfer Payment System" (Guo Fa [2014] No.71), we now put forward the following implementation opinions on reforming and perfecting the provincial-level financial transfer payment system.
　　I. General requirements

　　(1) Work objectives. In accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee and the provincial government, with the main goal of promoting regional coordinated development and equalization of basic public services, we will deepen the reform of fiscal and taxation system below the provincial level, increase transfer payments, optimize the transfer payment structure, standardize the allocation and use of funds, strengthen supervision and management and performance evaluation, establish and improve a scientific, standardized and unified provincial financial transfer payment system, improve the balance of financial distribution between regions and levels, and promote the sustained and healthy development of the province’s economy and society.
　　(2) Basic principles.
　　1. Adhere to the problem orientation and clarify the subject of responsibility. In view of the main problems existing in the current financial transfer payment system, carefully study and formulate measures to solve them, and ensure that the transfer payment system is connected with the reasonable division of powers and expenditure responsibilities. Strengthen the function of promoting the equalization of basic public services as a whole at the provincial level, and clarify the main responsibility of cities and counties to make good use of superior transfer payments to promote economic and social development.
　　2. Adhere to the sinking of financial resources and ensure the development of grassroots units. Adhere to the principle of "suppressing the level and protecting the grassroots" and further increase the transfer payment from the province to cities and counties. Efforts will be made to clean up and integrate special transfer payments, improve the stable growth mechanism of general transfer payments, and promote the development of county economy.
　　3 adhere to the combination of awards and compensation, and play a guiding role. On the premise of ensuring basic fairness and ensuring the needs of basic public services, we will strengthen the incentive and guidance effect of transfer payments and mobilize the enthusiasm of governments at all levels below the provincial level to promote coordinated economic and social development.
　　4. Adhere to standardized management and improve capital efficiency. Strictly allocate, manage and use transfer payment funds, and strengthen the guidance and supervision of provinces to cities and counties. Accelerate the disbursement of transfer payment funds and effectively improve the efficiency of fund use.
　　Second, optimize and adjust the transfer payment structure

　　(1) Adjust the transfer payment structure in combination with the division of powers. On the basis of reasonably dividing the powers and expenditure responsibilities of governments at all levels, we will optimize and adjust the transfer payment structure. In addition to the powers assumed by the central government in accordance with the regulations, if it belongs to the provincial powers, the province shall bear the full expenditure responsibility, and in principle, it shall be organized and implemented by the province through the expenditure arrangement at the provincial level; Belong to the province and the city and county share the power, by the province and the city and county share the responsibility of expenditure, the province share part can be entrusted to the city and county through special transfer payment; Belonging to the city and county, the city and county shall bear the responsibility for expenditure. In underdeveloped areas, cities and counties bear the financial gap in expenditure responsibility, and the province mainly gives appropriate support through general transfer payments, and a small number of guiding, relief and emergency affairs can be supported through special transfer payments.
　　(2) Increase the proportion of general transfer payments. Further reduce special transfer payments, expand general transfer payments, and enhance the overall planning ability of cities and counties. Strive to increase the proportion of general transfer payment of provincial finance to 60% or above before the end of 2015, and keep it at a high level in future years. Gradually form a transfer payment structure with a balanced distribution of financial resources between regions and general transfer payments arranged and used by the municipal and county governments as the main body, and a reasonable and appropriate proportion of general transfer payments and special transfer payments.
　　(3) Expand the scale of transfer payments. Further increase the transfer payment from the province to cities and counties, give preferential support to underdeveloped areas and grassroots governments, and promote the horizontal and vertical financial structure balance in the province. Through the transfer payment to less developed areas, we will improve the balance of expenditure between regions, gradually increase the proportion of expenditure in the eastern and western regions of Guangdong Province to the total expenditure at the prefecture (county) level, and further promote the revitalization and development of the eastern and western regions of Guangdong Province. Through the sinking of transfer payments, we will improve the balance of expenditures between levels, gradually increase the proportion of county-level expenditures in the total expenditures at all levels in the province, and continuously enhance the ability of county-level basic financial support.
　　Third, improve the general transfer payment system

　　(1) Improve the general transfer payment system. In accordance with the principle of combining "basic protection" with "strong incentives", a general transfer payment system with indemnificatory transfer payment, incentive transfer payment, transfer payment in ecological areas and transfer payment in special difficult areas will be established and improved. The total amount of affordable transfer payments, transfer payments in ecological areas and transfer payments in areas with special difficulties should be kept above 60% of general transfer payments.
　　(2) Give play to the role of guaranteeing transfer payment. The balanced transfer payment base, fixed amount subsidy, settlement subsidy and general transfer payment with special purpose will be included in the scope of guaranteed transfer payment. Guaranteed transfer payment is oriented to "guarantee the basics", ensuring the vested interests of cities and counties, and ensuring the financial needs of cities and counties in underdeveloped areas to provide basic public services and maintain the normal operation of political power.
　　(3) Strengthen the guiding effect of incentive transfer payment. We will implement incentive transfer payment mechanisms such as coordinated development awards and fiscal revenue increase awards, and constantly improve system design and factor indicators in light of the development of the economic and social situation. Incentive transfer payment is guided by "strong incentives", focusing on the key work arrangements of the provincial party Committee and the provincial government, stimulating and mobilizing the enthusiasm of cities and counties, and guiding cities and counties to complete the objectives and tasks of "stabilizing growth, adjusting structure, promoting reform, benefiting people’s livelihood and preventing risks".
　　(4) Improve the transfer payment in ecological areas. We will implement a transfer payment mechanism that combines awards and compensation for key ecological functional areas and other ecological areas, establish and improve the index system for ecological environmental protection, implement horizontal and vertical assessment, properly link the allocation of funds with the assessment results, and guide and urge ecological areas to implement the main responsibility of promoting the construction of local ecological civilization.
　　(5) Increase the tilt of transfer payment in areas with special difficulties. Give full consideration to the actual situation of ethnic minority counties, former central Jiangsu counties, key poverty alleviation and development counties and other areas with weak economic foundation and poor natural and geographical conditions, and increase the province’s transfer payments to old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, areas with financial difficulties and resource-exhausted cities. Transfer payments and guaranteed transfer payments in areas with special difficulties will give preferential support to areas where the old and the young are poor, so as to ensure that the average per capita access to general transfer payments in these areas is higher than the provincial average.
　　Four, clean up and standardize the special transfer payment

　　(1) Clean up and integrate the existing special transfer payment items. Special transfer payments that do not meet the requirements of economic and social development, have no reasonable basis for examination and approval, are found to be inefficient in the use of funds through performance evaluation, or are found to be obviously illegal in financial supervision and audit inspection, and are resolutely revoked. In combination with the reform of the tax and fee system, the provisions on urban maintenance and construction tax, sewage charges, the price of exploration and mining rights, mineral resources compensation fees and other special funds will be gradually abolished, and funds in related fields will be arranged as a whole. For the special transfer payment whose establishment period has expired and the original policy objectives and tasks have been completed, the provisions on recovery at maturity shall be strictly implemented. We will integrate the special transfer payments that are scattered, have similar goals, use similar directions, support similar objects, and have similar fund management methods. Strictly control the number of special fund projects managed by provincial departments, and reduce the special funds of provincial general public budget to less than 60 by 2016 according to the principle of "one department and one special project, no special project and no new special project". Establish and improve the regular evaluation and withdrawal mechanism for special transfer payment projects that really need to be retained.
　　(2) Strictly control the newly established special transfer payment projects. In addition to the transfer payment projects explicitly required by the state, in principle, no new special transfer payment projects will be established at the provincial level. If it is really necessary to establish a new provincial special transfer payment project, it is necessary to conduct a feasibility study and put forward a clear performance target in accordance with the regulations, and report it to the provincial finance department for examination and approval, and then report it to the provincial government for examination and approval. The newly-established special projects should have clear policy basis, policy objectives, fund demand, fund use, implementation plan, annual fund arrangement, establishment period, performance objectives, competent departments and division of responsibilities, and establish a regular evaluation and withdrawal mechanism accordingly. The budget of special transfer payment funds shall be "fixed for one year", and the arrangement shall not be solidified. If it still needs to be arranged after the expiration, it shall be submitted for approval according to the procedures after performance evaluation and special audit.
　　(3) Gradually withdraw from the competitive field. Any special transfer payment that is "small, scattered and chaotic", has no obvious effect and can be effectively adjusted by the market competition mechanism, will be resolutely cancelled. For the special transfer payments in competitive fields that have been introduced due to price reform and macro-control, the implementation period should be clearly defined and cancelled upon expiration. For the reserved competitive fields with certain externalities, we should control the scale of funds, highlight the key points of protection, gradually change the administrative distribution mode, mainly adopt market-oriented operation modes such as fund management, and gradually combine with financial capital to play a leverage role in inciting social capital. For a few people who are not suitable to implement the fund management model, we should take subsidy methods such as discount, construction first and subsidy afterwards, insurance premium subsidy, guarantee subsidy, etc. on the premise of clarifying the subsidy mechanism in advance, so as to prevent problems such as vague subsidy mechanism, difficulty in implementation or taking subsidy funds.
　　(4) Standardize the measures for the management of special funds. There should be only one fund management method for each special transfer payment. If there are multiple fund management methods for a special project, it should be integrated and merged, and no special project should be added in disguise. The fund management measures should define the policy objectives, division of responsibilities among departments, objects of fund subsidies, scope of fund use, methods of fund allocation, procedures of fund allocation, requirements of supervision and inspection and performance management, information disclosure, etc., and gradually meet the requirements of unified distribution subjects, consistent distribution methods and unique application and approval procedures. If it is necessary to issue a project declaration guide or a declaration notice, it should be made clear in the fund management measures. Subsidies should be set according to policy objectives and classified according to government agencies, institutions, individuals and enterprises, so as to facilitate supervision and inspection and performance evaluation.
　　(five) gradually cancel the city and county funding requirements. On the basis of a reasonable division of the powers and expenditure responsibilities of governments at all levels, except that the provinces and cities and counties share the powers according to regulations, the provinces no longer require the cities and counties to bear matching funds when arranging special transfer payments. The expenditure responsibility shared by provinces, cities and counties should be based on public welfare, externalities and other factors to clarify the standard or proportion of sharing expenditure responsibility by governments at all levels below the provincial level. According to the local financial situation, the same special project can be divided into different regions, and the sharing ratio of different special projects to the same region should be gradually unified and standardized.
　　Five, standardize the allocation of transfer payment funds

　　(1) Explore the establishment of a linkage mechanism between transfer payment and urbanization of agricultural transfer population. Establish and improve the dynamic management and information sharing mechanism of agricultural transfer population, and strengthen the statistics of agricultural transfer population and the policy of citizenization. For general transfer payments and special transfer payments that are distributed according to the factor method and the benefit scope involves local residents, factors such as the permanent population of cities and counties should be considered when allocating funds, and they should be appropriately linked to the citizenization of local agricultural transfer population, which objectively reflects the basic public service expenditure needs of cities and counties. When allocating funds by using other relevant indicators related to the per capita level, the population should be calculated by considering the data of permanent population, registered population and financially supported population.
　　(2) Improve the allocation of general transfer payment funds. In principle, the general transfer payment adopts factor method and formulaic distribution, scientifically sets the factors and weights of distribution, fully considers the nature of transfer payment and the actual situation of each region, and promotes the balanced distribution of financial resources between regions and the equalization of basic public services. Affordable transfer payments and transfer payments in areas with special difficulties mainly adopt indicators such as the per capita disposable financial resources level of cities and counties, the per capita general public budget expenditure level, and the demand for basic financial resources, as well as objective factors such as population and jurisdiction area. Incentive transfer payment can be targeted to set up an assessment index system, which is appropriately linked to the promotion of coordinated development of local economy, society and ecology and the strengthening of financial management in cities and counties, and the allocation of transfer payment funds can be calculated in combination with the results of supervision and inspection and performance evaluation in the previous year.
　　(3) Standardizing the allocation of special transfer payment funds. Strict special transfer payment funds allocation requirements, clear departmental responsibilities, social organizations, industry associations, enterprises and institutions and other non-administrative organs shall not be responsible for the allocation of funds. Special transfer payments are generally allocated by project method or factor method. For major projects, investment projects across cities, counties and river basins, and key projects with strong selectivity, competitiveness and externalities, the project method is mainly adopted for allocation, project library management is implemented, the subject, scope and conditions of project declaration are defined, the project declaration process is standardized, professional organizations and experts are brought into play, and the supervision and balance mechanism is improved. For the projects with the advantages of regional management information, we mainly adopt the factor method to allocate, select objective factors, determine reasonable weights, calculate according to the scientific and standardized allocation formula, cut them into pieces and distribute them to cities and counties, and decompose them into subsidy objects according to regulations. For special projects related to the vital interests of the masses, the administrative distribution mode can be changed, and the distribution mechanism of government guidance, social organization evaluation and mass participation can be gradually promoted.
　　Six, strengthen the transfer payment budget management

　　(1) Strengthen budget preparation. General transfer payments are budgeted according to the basic standards and calculation methods stipulated by the central and provincial governments; Special transfer payments shall be budgeted by project and region. The financial transfer payment issued by the provincial government must be included in the budget management of the city and county governments, accurately included in the relevant revenue and expenditure accounts, and reported by the city and county governments to the people’s congresses at the same level or their standing committees according to regulations.
　　(two) timely release of the budget. To strengthen the connection with the budget management of cities and counties, the provincial finance department should issue the estimated number of transfer payments to cities and counties in advance, in which the proportion of transfer payments distributed by factor method and with relatively fixed amount reached more than 90% in advance, and cities and counties should incorporate all the estimated numbers into the budget at the corresponding level. Except for special projects such as factual settlement, the budget can be issued by stages or paid in advance before settlement. The provincial general transfer payment will reach the municipal level and the county directly under the finance within 30 days after the provincial people’s congress approves the budget, and the special transfer payment will reach the municipal level and the county directly under the finance within 60 days. After receiving the provincial financial transfer payment, the municipal government should officially reach the counties under its jurisdiction within 30 days.
　　(3) Promoting information disclosure. The budget arrangement and implementation of the provincial financial transfer payment should be explained in the annual budget report submitted to the provincial people’s congress for deliberation, and made public within 20 days after the provincial people’s congress approved the budget, and explained the important matters; The municipal and county governments shall explain the management and use of transfer payment funds from higher levels in the annual budget and final accounts report submitted to the people’s congress at the same level for deliberation, and make it public in a timely manner. In addition to confidentiality requirements, financial departments at all levels should take the initiative to disclose the establishment basis, management methods, fund scale, distribution results, purpose items, users, performance evaluation, supervision and inspection, audit results and other information of financial transfer payment to the public.
　　(four) to strengthen the overall planning of government fund budget and general public budget. The general public budget can no longer arrange or reduce the arrangements for projects that are budgeted by government funds. The special transfer payment arranged by the government fund budget and the general public budget at the same time should be regarded as a special project in specific management, and a unified fund management method should be formulated and a unified fund distribution method should be implemented.
　　Seven, strengthen the supervision and inspection of transfer payment funds and performance evaluation.

　　(a) establish and improve the supervision and inspection system. We will strengthen supervision and inspection of the implementation of the transfer payment budget, the use of funds and financial management, and combine the self-examination of cities, counties and departments, financial inspections and spot checks, and audit supervision to effectively prevent key expenditures such as people’s livelihood from being used for other purposes. The provincial finance department shall, in accordance with the provisions, organize inspection and supervision or focus on spot checks, and the proportion of annual supervision and inspection shall reach more than 10% of the total transfer payment funds in that year. The provincial audit department shall, in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws, regulations and systems, strengthen the audit supervision of the provincial financial transfer payment funds.
　　(2) Establish and improve the performance evaluation system. Strengthen the management of performance objectives, performance self-evaluation, key evaluation and application of results of transfer payment funds, establish and improve a diversified evaluation mechanism combining self-evaluation of cities, counties, departments and users, financial key evaluation and independent evaluation of third parties, and improve the general performance evaluation methods for transfer payment funds. Gradually expand the scope of performance evaluation of transfer payment funds. In principle, all transfer payment funds should be subject to performance self-evaluation, and transfer payment funds exceeding a certain amount should be subject to key evaluation or entrusted to a third-party institution for independent evaluation. Improve the effectiveness and credibility of the performance evaluation results of transfer payment funds, gradually combine the performance evaluation results with budget arrangements and make the performance evaluation results public.
　　Eight, accelerate the relevant supporting reforms.

　　(a) to establish a system that is compatible with the responsibility of expenditure. On the basis of reasonably dividing the powers of the central and local governments, we will explore the establishment of a system in which the powers of governments at all levels below the provincial level are compatible with their expenditure responsibilities. Strengthen the responsibility of provincial governments to promote the equalization of basic public services in the province as a whole, clarify the main responsibility of city and county governments to use their own financial resources and superior transfer payments to promote local economic and social development, and promote the matching of financial resources and powers.
　　(two) to promote the reform of the financial management system, such as the direct management of counties. Standardize and improve the relevant systems of financial reform in counties directly under the jurisdiction of the province, and appropriately expand the pilot scope of financial reform in counties directly under the jurisdiction of the province. On the basis of the gradual accounting of the allocation of financial transfer payment funds from the province to the county level, through the financial reform of the county directly under the jurisdiction of the province, the advantages of flat management will be brought into play, and the transfer payment funds will be allocated to the pilot counties, and the provincial financial department will carry out supervision and inspection and performance evaluation directly to the pilot counties to improve the efficiency of transfer payment funds.
　　(three) the implementation of the comprehensive performance appraisal of the financial management of cities and counties. According to the requirements of the central government for the comprehensive performance appraisal of local financial management, the provincial financial department implements the comprehensive performance appraisal of financial management for the financial departments of cities and counties, establishes a performance appraisal index system, and promotes the improvement of financial management at all levels. For municipal finance departments, it is required to improve their own management, at the same time, strengthen the macro-control of county-level financial balance within their jurisdiction, and improve the basic financial security level of municipal districts.
　　(4) Improve the municipal financial transfer payment system. The municipal government at or above the prefecture level should refer to the provincial transfer payment system to cities and counties, and reform and improve the municipal transfer payment system. Combined with the division of government affairs and expenditure responsibilities at all levels below the provincial level, optimize the transfer payment structure of the city. For the general transfer payment issued by the provincial level, the municipal government should take effective measures to ensure that it is used as a whole for related key expenditures; For the special transfer payments issued by the provincial level, the municipal government can, on the basis of not changing the use of funds, combine the relevant special situations arranged at the corresponding level, increase the integration efforts, and integrate the special transfer payments with the same support direction and related fields.
　　Nine, strengthen organizational leadership and work cooperation

　　Reforming and perfecting the transfer payment system is an important part of the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, which involves a wide range of issues, has strong policies, and has great interests adjustment. All localities and departments should attach great importance to it, raise awareness, conscientiously follow the work arrangements and requirements of the central and provincial governments, strengthen organizational leadership and work coordination, and solidly promote various work measures to ensure that relevant reforms are put in place. Local governments bear the main responsibility for the management of transfer payment funds. The financial department is responsible for the construction of transfer payment system, budget arrangement, fund allocation and disbursement, and organizes supervision, inspection and performance evaluation. Relevant competent departments put forward relevant opinions and management requirements on the allocation of transfer payment funds, and are specifically responsible for project declaration management, fund supervision and performance evaluation. The unit using funds shall bear the direct responsibility for the management of the use of funds. The audit department shall, in accordance with relevant laws, regulations and relevant provisions, supervise the management of transfer payment funds in the whole process. Discipline inspection and supervision departments investigate and deal with violations in the use of transfer payment management according to discipline and law, and carry out the integrity review of relevant systems according to the violations found.

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people’s government of guangdong province

October 26, 2015

CCTV News:"If the satellite is compared to a kite, ‘ Measurement and control ’ It’s the kite string that people are touching. Therefore, some people call us ‘ Shepherd ’ 。”

After the successful launch of Tiangong-2 in 2016, Geng Hujun, one of the "animal husbandry people", gave a vivid metaphor for his career when interviewed by the media.

Geng Hujun is currently the Deputy Chief Engineer of the 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Corporation and the Deputy Director of the Remote Control and Telemetry Department. After graduating from xidian university in 1993, he joined China Electronics Technology Corporation and became a member of the China Aerospace Measurement and Control Team.

After more than 20 years of fighting in the space TT&C research front, Geng Hujun and his colleagues have continuously filled the gaps in TT&C technology and witnessed the dazzling achievements of the space industry. It is necessary to look far into space, but also to be down-to-earth. Geng Hujun explained the romantic realism feelings of a scientific researcher with the blood and initial heart of serving the country scientifically and the courage to overcome difficulties.

People who fly the "Chang ‘e kite"

TT&C communication system is one of the eight systems of manned spaceflight project, which is the nervous system of space TT&C network and communication between heaven and earth. It is the link between ground and spacecraft, ground TT&C center and TT&C station, and plays an important role in manned spaceflight mission.

Expanding the direction of aerospace TT&C specialty and striving for more equipment development tasks are the core of the work. Fifty-four institutes undertake all the development tasks of domestic and foreign land monitoring and control stations, accounting for almost half of all the monitoring and control equipment for manned space flight.

In 2010, Chang ‘e II flew into space with the eyes of the whole world. The location of the measurement and control system is related to the flight orbit of Chang ‘e-2. In order to avoid areas with heavy electromagnetic pollution, Geng Hujun and his colleagues often stay for months in remote and uninhabited places such as the Gobi Mountains.

In the Chang ‘e II mission, Geng Hujun led the team to complete the transformation tasks of the S/X band unified measurement and control system at Kashgar Station, the S band unified measurement and control system at Qingdao Station, the 50-meter-diameter radio telescope antenna and the data receiving subsystem and data transmission system of the ground application system. "These monitoring stations should be able to monitor the flight process of Chang ‘e II and master its orbital position at all times. Wherever the station is suitable, we will go to work. " Yan hujun said.

Under the leadership of Geng Hujun, the 18-meter single receiving station of Kashgar Station, which was originally built for the Chang ‘e-1 mission and only had the single S-band receiving ability, was transformed into a complete set of full-function measurement and control stations. These innovations have greatly improved China’s measurement and control technology, and filled the domestic gaps in measurement and control capabilities and measurement and control frequency bands.

Guarding "Goddess" Flying in Space

On September 15th, 2016, the Long March II FT2 carrier rocket carrying Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory was ignited and launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.

"When Tiangong-2 was launched, our communication measurement and control equipment accurately guided Tiangong-2 into the scheduled orbit. After Tiangong-2 was successfully launched, our equipment accurately controlled it to run according to the scheduled trajectory, and timely transmitted all kinds of voice and image information it collected back to the ground center. After the astronauts went up, the dialogue and image transmission between heaven and earth also depended on our communication measurement and control network." Geng Hujun introduced that whether Tiangong-2 can be successfully launched and whether it can operate safely in the sky depends on the invisible communication measurement and control network.

At present, communication measurement and control through relay satellites has become the main force of manned space communication measurement and control network. The relay satellite communicates with the spacecraft and the command center through the ground terminal station. The ground terminal station is mainly responsible for the command and dispatch, control calculation, data processing and information exchange of relay satellites, and is the "nerve center" for relay satellites to play the role of communication measurement and control.

"When the relay satellite conducts measurement and control, it will send out radio signals to automatically aim at the spacecraft; The spacecraft also aimed at the relay satellite in the same way. It is equivalent to two light beams in space that are more than 30,000 kilometers apart. Therefore, in order to achieve accurate measurement and control, relay satellites must first ensure their accurate positioning. At present, at a distance of more than 36,000 kilometers, our positioning error of relay stars is controlled within 3 m. "

Geng Hujun introduced that the longest measurement and control communication time of a ground measurement and control station is only 8 minutes. If the spacecraft does not fly directly over the ground station, the time of TT&C communication will be further shortened. The relay satellite is equivalent to a 36,000-kilometer-high measurement and control station in space. Because it stands high, it can see far. In each operation of Tiangong-2, the communication time of a relay satellite can reach about 40 minutes, which greatly improves the efficiency of communication measurement and control.

"When the prosperity is exhausted and Tiangong-2 is working in space day after day, the communication measurement and control equipment of our institute will still wait for her in an invisible place and let her run healthily." Geng Hujun said that he and his colleagues are like watchmen, and Tiangong 2 is their "goddess". Although she flies in space, their equipment carefully leads the invisible kite line to protect Tiangong-2 to complete its mission.

The glory of ordinary scientific research workers

Due to his outstanding work performance, Geng Hujun won the May 4th Youth Medal of Hebei Province in 2011, and led the team to make continuous breakthroughs in scientific research management positions.

Geng Hujun’s son is also an aerospace fan. The knowledge of artillery and ships, and all kinds of timing passwords for the launch of Chang ‘e II can come with your mouth open. He once asked his father to take himself with him when he was on a business trip. "The country spends so much money on the lunar exploration project. We know that the responsibility is great, and we can only succeed, but we can’t fail. Everyone can only arrange their own itinerary around the engineering needs." Yan hujun said.

Whether in the neon lights or in the wilderness, Geng Hujun and his colleagues have only one goal: to constantly pursue technological progress and provide better conditions for the aerospace industry.

"Often when we go home after a busy night, sanitation workers are already brushing the road. A few hours later, we have to start a new day’s work. " Geng Hujun said that with the development of manned spaceflight, the measurement and control technology has been continuously improved. As an ordinary scientific researcher, he is honored and proud to be able to participate in one major aerospace project after another.

　　On January 18th, at the 268th press conference of novel coronavirus epidemic prevention and control work in Beijing, Li Ang, deputy director and spokesperson of Beijing Municipal Health and Wellness Committee, introduced that the city will further strengthen the quality supervision of nucleic acid testing. In order to ensure the quality of nucleic acid detection, health departments at all levels have effectively strengthened the quality supervision of nucleic acid detection institutions through online and offline training and assessment, on-site inspection, technical guidance, and stationing supervisors. Organize professional forces such as the Municipal Inspection and Quality Control Center and health departments in all districts to further strengthen the quality evaluation and notification of nucleic acid testing laboratories. For institutions with unqualified quality evaluation results, they are required to suspend testing services at the first time and urge them to make rectification within a time limit. If they still fail to pass the inspection after rectification, they will resolutely stop their nucleic acid testing business and seriously deal with violations of laws and regulations. The health department will regularly announce the quality control evaluation results of testing institutions to the public. According to the demand of nucleic acid testing, each testing institution dynamically adjusts the service time and personnel on duty, supplements manpower in time according to the increase of nucleic acid testing demand, and increases the number of testing sources to ensure the orderly development of sampling work. At present,The city has identified 44 nucleic acid testing institutions that can provide 24-hour "willing-to-check" service, and 94 sampling points can provide mixed inspection service, ensuring that all districts in the city have testing institutions that can provide 24-hour service and mixed inspection service..

　　The city passedBeijing Health Bao, Health Beijing WeChat WeChat official accountAnd other channels, dynamically update the information of nucleic acid testing service institutions in the city. On the basis of the list of nucleic acid sampling points and 24-hour nucleic acid testing institutions in the city announced in the early stage, the information of testing institutions that can provide mixed testing services will be increased to facilitate public inquiries. Li Ang suggested that nucleic acid detection is an important means for early detection and early disposal of normalized epidemic prevention and control. Please consciously abide by epidemic prevention and control measures, cooperate with nucleic acid detection, and jointly build a barrier for epidemic prevention and control.

　　Fake online dating, real dating, meeting is buy buy to buy … … Similar to the scams of "wine tray", "tea tray" and "rice tray", many of them occurred in Wuhan, and many victims were saddened by the new scam of "clothes tray" to play emotional cards and engage in consumer fraud.

　　The criminal suspect looks for a target man with spending power on the dating website and pretends to fall in love with him. After the "feelings" are stable, the fraud gang sends "clothes-supporting women" to "rush" with the target man (from online dating to offline real love), and uses routines to let the victims go to designated clothing stores to spend high prices on shopping. Afterwards, the "clothes girl" broke up with the victim for various reasons.

　　What makes it hard for the victim to imagine is that the criminal suspect who "talks about love" with himself on the Internet is not a "clothed woman" who meets him, but a strange man.

The criminal suspect prepared photos of all kinds of beautiful women in advance.

　　Online dating "rushing to cash", spending more than 20,000 yuan when meeting.

　　"I didn’t contact her for four days after I went home, and I realized that I was cheated." Mr. Wang, from Shiyan City, Hubei Province, once ran away with his online dating girlfriend, but he didn’t expect to be beaten away by more than 20,000 yuan in a short time.

　　Recalling this experience, Mr. Wang said, "I was carried away by love, but I didn’t expect to fall into the trap dug by others."

　　Mr. Wang, 30, posted information about marriage on a dating website, and then met a woman named "Xiaoxue". At the beginning, there was not much communication between the two, and it was not until June 2019 that they gradually became acquainted. During the chat, the woman claimed to be from Xiaogan, Hubei, and ran a nail salon with her friends in a shopping mall in Jianghan District, Wuhan.

　　In the subsequent online chat, the woman told Mr. Wang more "specific information" about herself and her family, and their "feelings" were established.

　　Mr. Wang has been away on business for a long time, and his social scope is narrow. When he reaches marriageable age, he is often urged to get married by his family. Seeing "Xiaoxue" confide in himself, he is deeply moved.

　　In December 2019, Mr. Wang, who came back from a business trip in Yunnan, agreed to meet with Xiaoxue in Wuhan.

　　On December 6, the two men "ran" in the shopping mall where "Xiaoxue" worked. As soon as they met, they talked happily and showed their affection for each other. Unexpectedly, the scam began.

　　After simply eating fast food, "Xiaoxue" took Mr. Wang’s hand and went shopping together, and finally took a walk to a clothing store. After entering the store, "Xiaoxue" took a fancy to two coats, two bags and a watch, and joked to Mr. Wang from time to time: "Look, does this coat look good on me? Is it appropriate to meet your parents? "

　　In order to please Xiaoxue, Mr. Wang didn’t worry too much and promised to pay 16,650 yuan for Xiaoxue. As a reward, "Xiaoxue" bought a necklace from 600 yuan in the store and personally put it around Mr. Wang’s neck.

　　After leaving the clothing store, the two went to drink milk tea nearby. "Xiaoxue" said to Mr. Wang aggrieved: "My skin is not very good. I am afraid that if I see your parents in the future, they will dislike it. I have taken a fancy to a set of cosmetics, and I hope you can give it to me … …” As she spoke, she sent Mr. Wang a set of cosmetics purchase links worth 4600 yuan. Mr. Wang loved "Xiaoxue" with all his heart and bought it. As a token of gratitude, Xiaoxue invited Mr. Wang to dinner that night.

　　On December 8, Mr. Wang returned to Shiyan, and he didn’t contact his "girlfriend" for several days, only then did he realize that he had been cheated.

Many of the chat records between the "keyboard player" and the victim are "professional words". Photo courtesy of respondents

　　Gang crime, clear division of labor.

　　What happened to Mr. Wang is not a case.

　　Mr. Shu from Jiangsu went to Jiang ‘an District of Wuhan City to date a woman who called herself "Xiaolei" on a dating website. After meeting, "Xiaolei" invited Mr. Shu to eat and watch movies. Subsequently, Mr. Shu spent more than 15,000 yuan on "Xiaolei" shopping. After the two separated, Mr. Shu contacted "Xiaolei" many times, but she always shirked it on the grounds of "busy work". Mr. Shu, who felt cheated, reported the case to the Jiang ‘an District Police Station.

　　Many cases have the same routine. The police started with a number of micro-signals such as "Xiaolei" and "Yingying" and found that the real users of these accounts were all men. According to the police analysis, this is a criminal fraud activity committed by a gang in the name of marriage and love: the criminal suspect pretends to be a woman online dating the target man on several dating websites, and defrauds the victim of money by shopping in designated clothing stores, asking for red envelopes, borrowing money, etc.

　　After investigation and judgment, the police in Jiang ‘an District concentrated their police force and went to several dens involved in the case, such as Jiang ‘an District and Jianghan District, respectively, to carry out network-closing operations. A total of 45 gang members were arrested and 19 computers and 73 mobile phones were seized.

　　According to reports, the fraud gang has a clear internal division of labor, playing the roles of "keyboard player", "trumpeter" and "clothes girl" respectively. The "keyboard player" is mainly male. In the early stage of committing a crime, he is responsible for pretending to be a young woman to find a single man with spending power on the dating website, building feelings through chatting, and then asking the victim to "show up" in the name of marriage and love.

　　Once a victim takes the bait, the "keyboard player" will send the man’s information, appointment time, place and historical chat records to the "trumpeter". The "trumpeter" is responsible for informing the boss of the news returned by the "keyboard player" and distributing it to the "clothes girl". According to the information sent back, the "clothes-supporting girl" plays the role of chatting online with the target man, takes the victim to the designated clothing store for consumption, and then sends back the clothes she bought to complete the fraud.

　　In order to prevent the victim from waking up to the police afterwards, the gang did not immediately "blacken" or delete the victim after the fraud, but stopped chatting with the victim under various excuses, expressing that the two were not suitable for falling in love.

　　"Exquisite acting" earned "a lot of money"

　　According to the police investigating the case, the gang has been "opened" since July 2019, earning "a lot of money" by fraud, committing more than 1,500 crimes involving more than 5 million yuan.

　　Liu, the "keyboard player", confessed that the designated clothing store usually operates normally and sells goods at a discount at the tag price, while the price of customers brought by "clothes-care women" is several times higher. After the gang succeeds every time, the "keyboard player" involved in the fraud can get a commission of 40% according to the amount of fraud, and the "clothes girl" can get a commission of 20%.

　　Liu has been in the company for more than a month, and talked about more than a dozen male netizens. Through the offline dating of "clothes supporting women", the victims of the routine spent more than 40,000 yuan, from which they made a profit of more than 16,000 yuan.

　　In July 2020, 13 people of the fraud gang were transferred to the Jianghan District Procuratorate of Wuhan for review and prosecution. According to prosecutor Hu Jizong, the people involved are mainly "post-90 s" and "post-00 s", and most of them have junior and high school education, and they take marriage fraud as their profession.

　　In order to expand the scale of fraud, the gang turned the rented residences in many places in Wuhan into office space and placed multiple computers for the use of "keyboard players".

　　Yang, a "keyboard player", confessed that they would collect beautiful pictures online beforehand, make up women’s names, and then register accounts with some matchmaking websites to chat with men in the same city, nearby and in the province.

　　In order to meet and spend money, they usually create a good image for their fictional female characters, and take the initiative to talk about fate and marriage with the target men and take the opportunity to "date".

　　Hu Jizong said that in order to prevent flaws, the gang also provided professional training and developed a set of professional words for the "keyboard players" to refer to. For example, how to pretend to be a woman and chat with the target man, how to get information about the other person’s work, hobbies, family situation, mate selection criteria, how to establish "feelings" with the target man and make an appointment to meet him at a designated place.

　　If the target man has a hobby of drinking and smoking, in order to consolidate their "feelings", the "keyboard player" will occasionally "care" the victim not to drink and smoke excessively in daily chat.

　　For some target men with strong spending power, the fraud gang will "pay special attention". "When the victim Mr. Wang began to fall into a scam, he was ‘ Keyboard player ’ Made a note, saying ‘ This man is rich, so we must find a way to keep him ’ 。” Hu Jizong said.

　　In September 2020, Jianghan District Procuratorate sued the case to Jianghan District Court. Recently, the court ruled that Liao, the leader of the gang, was sentenced to 3 years and 4 months in prison, and the remaining 12 gang members were sentenced to 1 year to 2 years and 9 months respectively. (Reporter Tanaka Quan)

Wang Tai, deputy director of the Highway Bureau of the Ministry of Transport, revealed at the promotion meeting of the national electronic toll collection (ETC) networking work held on the 9 th that before the end of this year, 14 provinces and cities such as Beijing will realize system networking operation; By the end of 2015, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China will basically realize the system networking operation.

"One to five", the economic and environmental benefits of electronic non-stop toll lanes are outstanding.

ETC system, also known as electronic toll collection system, is the most advanced road and bridge toll collection method in the world, and it is an effective way to solve the congestion of highway toll stations and improve traffic efficiency. The capacity of one electronic toll lane is equivalent to that of five manual toll lanes, and the average time for vehicles to pass through the toll booth has been reduced from 14 seconds to 3 seconds, which has shortened the time by nearly 80%. Through this technology, it can also save fuel consumption and reduce pollutant emissions.

In addition, through the implementation of regional networking, it also provides a guarantee for the rapid passage of expressways for regional integration. Since the electronic toll collection system was opened in 2010, the average annual growth rate of the transaction volume of the inter-provincial electronic toll collection system in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has remained at around 60%, and the average annual growth rate in the Yangtze River Delta region is close to 90%.

After the exploration in recent years, the scale of the construction, popularization and application of electronic toll collection system in China has increased rapidly. Up to now, more than 7,100 dedicated lanes have been built nationwide, with more than 11 million development users.

Next year, the number of users will reach 20 million, and the main toll station will achieve full coverage.

However, the system promotion also faces many difficulties. Including the need to install electronic tags and purchase stored-value cards before using special lanes, the need to recharge at special points or banks, the slow progress of inter-provincial settlement, the implementation of superimposed charges for some routes and the imbalance of input-output ratio, which led to the lack of enthusiasm of investors.

In this regard, Feng Zhenglin, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Transport, introduced that the Ministry of Transport requested to build a national online clearing and settlement platform and formulate networking operation rules to jointly ensure that the national online clearing and settlement is fair, transparent, safe and efficient.

According to the plan, the nationwide networking work will be divided into two steps: before the end of 2014, 14 provinces and cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Shanxi will be networked. By the end of 2015, a nationwide networked operation management mechanism will be established; The utilization rate of passenger cars is not less than 25%, and the utilization rate of non-cash payment reaches 20%; The system coverage rate of the main toll station reaches 100%; Customer service outlets cover county (district) level administrative regions; The number of users in the national system has reached 20 million; Realize the nationwide networking operation of military vehicles and armed police vehicles.

In addition, by the end of 2015, China will initially establish a national toll road networking data service system. By then, road network management departments at all levels will be able to deeply explore the potential value of vehicle operation information, strengthen statistical analysis of data, and provide decision support for road network operation management and government industry supervision. (Reporter Lu Yanan)

As usual, a notice from Zhuhai SASAC should not attract much attention — — But if the protagonist of the announcement is Dong Mingzhu, who is full of topic and controversy, things will be different.

According to the recently circulated Notice on the Dismissal of Comrade Dong Mingzhu and Gree’s confirmation, Dong Mingzhu was removed from the position of chairman of Gree Group in late October. Since then, he has only served as the chairman, president and legal person of Gree Electric, a subsidiary of Gree Group.

Since the decision was rejected by the shareholders’ meeting shortly after Gree’s acquisition of Yinlong, it caused a lot of speculation in the industry.

At present, the organizational structure of Gree is as follows: Zhuhai Gree Group Co., Ltd. is a local state-owned enterprise under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Zhuhai, and currently holds 18.22% of the shares of Zhuhai Gree Electric Co., Ltd., which is its largest shareholder.

However, Teacher Duan Zishou naughty exposed Jackie Chan’s endorsement advertisement to Oda in Weibo, which was meaningful.

It seems that there is a saying circulating in the business world that there is a kind of enterprise death called "Jackie Chan endorsement". Endorsement of the bully, the bully fell; Endorsement of Aiduo VCD, the boss is in jail; Endorsement Fenhuang Coke, Fenhuang Coke is gone; Endorsement of overlord shampoo was found to be carcinogenic; Endorsement of Cadillac cars, only more than 900 cars were sold nationwide; Endorsement miss dumplings, was found to contain germs off the shelf; Endorsement of Mitsubishi Motors of Japan, recalled … …

In 2014, Gree changed its spokesperson Jackie Chan to its own boss Dong Mingzhu.

"Some enterprises pursue Jackie Chan, saying that his endorsement killed the enterprise, but the life and death of the enterprise depends not on Jackie Chan’s endorsement or not, but on the strength of the enterprise itself." Dong Mingzhu said.

Is there really a spell called "Jackie Chan endorsement"? Of course, this is just a joke.

The above is a tidbit, and the following is a serious analysis.

Truth 1: Dong Mingzhu resigned voluntarily, but the listed company remained unchanged.

The first thing that broke the news was Nanfang Daily, the organ newspaper of Guangdong Provincial Party Committee. According to the report, recently, a "Notice on the Dismissal of Comrade Dong Mingzhu" was circulated on the Internet. The "Notice" showed that the Zhuhai State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission issued a notice to the board of directors of Gree Group on October 18: "Dong Mingzhu was removed from the post of chairman, director and legal representative of Zhuhai Gree Group Co., Ltd."

We should make it clear that Gree Group is not equal to Gree Electric, and Gree Group still has a gree real estate.

Wang Jingdong, vice president of Gree Group, said that this adjustment will not affect Dong Mingzhu’s position in Gree Electric, a listed company, and the specific information will be subject to the announcement.

On the evening of the same day, some media reported that Dong Mingzhu responded to the incident, which was a normal personnel adjustment and did not need to respond. However, the new chairman of Gree Group has not been announced yet.

Gree Electric responded: "Based on the relevant national regulations and my own wishes, Mr. Dong voluntarily resigned as the chairman of Gree Group and continued to serve as the chairman and president of Gree Electric, focusing on promoting the development of Gree Electric. This is a normal job change, and Zhuhai SASAC will continue to support the work of General Manager Dong! "

Truth 2: Dong Mingzhu was removed from all his positions in Gree Group because of this.

Relevant personnel of Zhuhai State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) said that the removal of Dong Mingzhu from all his posts in Gree Group was mainly based on the requirements of the Notice on Promoting the Integrity of Leaders of State-owned Enterprises and Prohibiting Illegal Part-time Jobs jointly issued by the Guangdong Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Organization Department of the Provincial Party Committee, the Provincial Supervision Department and the Provincial SASAC.

It is understood that in the "Notice on Promoting the Integrity of Leaders of State-owned Enterprises and Prohibiting Illegal Part-time Jobs", the focus is on "Ten Prohibitions", which comprehensively regulates the part-time jobs of leaders of state-owned enterprises and strives to prevent conflicts of interest.

"The reform of state-owned enterprises stipulates that it is impossible to serve as the chairman of both the group and the electric appliance company. The chairman of Gree Group belongs to the municipal cadres and represents the SASAC. The electric appliance is a joint-stock company and a pure enterprise. Several listed companies of state-owned enterprises in Zhuhai will adjust." The above-mentioned relevant person from Zhuhai SASAC said.

On August 17th, 2016, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, the Ministry of Finance and the China Securities Regulatory Commission jointly issued the Opinions on Piloting Employee Stock Ownership in State-controlled Mixed Ownership Enterprises (hereinafter referred to as the "Pilot Opinions"), delineating the scope of employee stock ownership in state-controlled mixed ownership enterprises.

The Pilot Opinions also stipulate that leaders of state-owned enterprises appointed by the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and local party committees, governments and their departments and institutions shall not hold shares. External directors and supervisors (including employee representative supervisors) do not participate in employee stock ownership. If there are more than one immediate family member in the same enterprise, only one person can hold shares.

Gree Electric insiders said that Dong Mingzhu "resigned voluntarily" according to the requirements of state-owned enterprise reform.

Truth 3: Normal personnel adjustment of state-owned enterprises

The relevant person in charge of Zhuhai State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission explained to Nanfang Daily that, according to the regulations, the chairman of a listed company and its affiliated group generally cannot concurrently hold the post. "Now the SASAC is slowly straightening out this relationship, which is a normal personnel adjustment and will not affect the operation of Gree Electric."

According to the analysis of insiders, this adjustment may be related to the reform of state-owned enterprises and the fact that the leaders of state-owned enterprises are not allowed to hold too many part-time jobs. Dong Mingzhu was previously the chairman of Gree Group and the chairman of its subsidiary Gree Electric, so this adjustment is actually a normal arrangement within the enterprise.

Truth 4: Participate in employee stock ownership conflicts.

In addition, some media reported that Dong Mingzhu had to step down as the chairman of Gree Group because he would participate in the employee stock ownership plan of Gree Electric, a listed company, and his identity was in conflict. This personnel change was approved by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Guangdong Province before the listed company held a shareholders’ meeting to discuss the proposal of purchasing Zhuhai Yinlong.

In Gree Electric’s plan to issue additional shares to Zhuhai Yinlong, the subscription targets are eight specific targets, including Gree Electric, Gree Electric Employee Stock Ownership Plan and Yintong Investment, and the amount raised is no more than 9.694 billion yuan.

On September 22nd, Gree Electric announced the employee stock ownership plan, with a subscription amount of 2.374 billion yuan and a share of 153 million shares. Among them, the directors and senior executives who participated in the employee stock ownership plan, including six people including Dong Mingzhu, subscribed for no less than 67,184,300 shares. Among them, Dong Mingzhu himself contributed 937 million yuan, accounting for 39.52% of this employee stock ownership plan.

After the completion of the issuance, Dong Mingzhu’s own shareholding ratio in Gree Electric has greatly increased. Dong Mingzhu will increase its holding of 60,388,000 shares in Gree Electric with a capital contribution of 937 million yuan. Together with the 44,298,500 shares currently held, Dong Mingzhu will hold 105 million shares in Gree Electric after the additional issuance, which will exceed the current fifth largest shareholder central huijin.

However, the above matching financing plan has been rejected by the shareholders’ meeting, and how to adjust it in the future is currently considered to be known.

Truth 5: Don’t worry about it, Miss Dong is recording a program.

Judging from the photos sent by netizens,Miss Dong, who is recording the reality show "I am the founder" in Hainan, had a good time and was not affected by her resignation.

Trivia 1: It’s really hard to be a strong woman this year.

Former US Secretary of State Hillary &darr who was defeated by Trump a few days ago to bid farewell to "the first female president of the United States";

There is also the former Brazilian female president Rousseff &darr who was impeached and dismissed a few months ago for violating the budget law;

It’s hard to be a strong woman, but Funjun thinks Dong Mingzhu is more in tune with Trump. . .

Trivia 2: Dong Mingzhu may become "China Trump"

Dong Mingzhu, like Trump, is aggressive and takes pleasure in offending his opponents.

Trump scolded the presidential candidates of the two parties except him, and especially spared no effort to attack Hillary. For example, this quotation: "If Hillary can’t satisfy her husband, why do you think she can satisfy the whole United States?"

Every time Dong Mingzhu gives a speech, he will say something full of gunpowder. She often takes the initiative to attack without waiting for the reporter to provoke her, and denounces her competitors by name. In a speech, the host specifically warned reporters not to ask sensitive questions. As a result, Dong Mingzhu fired automatically: "X and X meters are thieves, that is, thief groups!" Make the host very embarrassed.

The cannon styles of Trump and Dong Mingzhu are different in both China and American entrepreneurs. Doing business is about making money with kindness, but Trump and Dong Mingzhu don’t seem to be afraid of offending enough people. But paradoxically, both of them have a large number of fans.

With the support of these fans, Trump won the Republican party’s inner-party election and will represent the Republican party in the general election and become the next president of the United States.

Wherever Miss Dong goes, there is always a sea of people and fans like a cloud.

In the annual meeting of a magazine in 2015, Dong Mingzhu was arranged to give a speech in one of the sub-venues. Fans packed the venue to the brim, and another famous entrepreneur was next door, which was supposed to be quite appealing, but just because he was with gallants, Dong Mingzhu, there were few listeners. The organizer quickly called on employees without tasks in the internal group to go to another sub-venue to support the show, so as to avoid the entrepreneur’s face.

If Taishi Gong writes about this, it is estimated that he will say, "All the scholars in the world will return to Dong Shi, and the Pearl will pour xxx guests".

Well, best wishes to Miss Dong.

Editor’s lead: E-commerce data is very important and critical for the e-commerce industry, and observation data is also an indispensable daily work. The author of this article systematically introduces the indicator system of e-commerce data, and introduces the indicator system of e-commerce data from many aspects. Let’s learn it together.

In major e-commerce platforms or e-commerce companies, the most common thing is this kind of data monitoring big screen, which is used to help platforms and businesses understand the business situation in real time.

To observe data, we must first establish a complete data index system and define clearly what we want to see and how to see it.

This paper will introduce the e-commerce data index system through the definition, system construction and detailed explanation of e-commerce data.

E-commerce data refers to digital information used to record user behavior, including quantitative data of a series of behavior habits such as user registration, login, traffic, click, consumption and repurchase.

To analyze the data, we must first understand the business process of e-commerce, and analyze the user’s business path through the business process, what indicators each path needs to pay attention to, and the business loss that each path may bring. Finally, a perfect business funnel is formed.

For example, from the user’s point of view, the business process of e-commerce can include the following important nodes:

From what channels do users become registered users of e-commerce, including their own apps or other delivery channels, including WeChat, Alipay, Tik Tok and below-the-line.

Here, we need to focus on the number of registered users in each channel and the customer acquisition cost of each channel, such as CPA (single registration cost).

When the user is registered, there will be an e-commerce page to undertake, which means that the user will have browsing and clicking behaviors. At this time, the user’s preferences and potential transactions can be judged through the user’s browsing behavior.

Here, we need to focus on observing the UV, PV, browsing time, product click-through rate and so on of each page.

It should be noted that in the e-commerce position, search is a very important entrance. When users have a clear shopping intention, they are more likely to reach the goods directly through search.

Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the relevant traffic of search, including search UV, PV, and result rate.

When users reach the commodity level, they will enter the transformation link of ordering and trading.

This is the core gold process of e-commerce and an important path for user transactions.

Here, we need to focus on the quantity of orders, the number of people placing orders, the amount of orders placed, the quantity of payment orders, the number of people paying, the payment amount, the customer unit price, the gross profit margin and so on.

At the same time, we need to pay attention to the situation of after-sales orders, but when orders are closed due to after-sales or other abnormal reasons, it is also a part of the loss for the platform. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the after-sales order quantity, closing quantity and closing rate.

For the platform, after acquiring a user, of course, it will be hoped that he will repurchase as much as possible and generate more GMV, that is, to improve ARPU(Average Revenue Per User) as much as possible, that is, the contribution value of a single user.

Therefore, we need to pay attention to user activity, repurchase rate, shopping cart situation and so on.

The shopping cart is actually an ordering tool, but according to the user’s habits, the goods added to the shopping cart are more likely to be purchased or repurchased later, so we can also pay attention to the usage rate of the shopping cart at this stage.

In addition to the user’s point of view, you can also build business processes and corresponding data systems from the perspective of goods, orders and stores.

Because users have a life cycle, goods also have a life cycle, from shelves, orders, transactions, to emptying inventory. A set of commodity data index system can also be established.

Based on the above data definition and business process explanation, we can first establish a set of data index system that is as perfect as possible, that is, covering all business processes and business perspectives.

In this BI system, through the indicators of different dimensions, it is built layer by layer.

Users are the foundation of the "people-goods-field" system of e-commerce. No one comes, no matter how high-quality goods and luxurious fields are, it doesn’t make any sense.

Only by operating users well can transformation be formed.

1) Basic user attributes

• Age;
• Gender;
• Provinces;
• City;
• Type: for example, the current identity of the user, such as student, white-collar worker, etc.
• Risk level: In many installment e-commerce businesses involving finance, the user’s risk level is an important attribute, which determines whether the user can obtain the quota and use installment shopping.

The basic attributes of the above users are mainly to help the platform build user portraits and analyze users’ e-commerce consumption preferences.

2) User’s trading behavior

• Days since the last transaction order;
• The amount of the last transaction order;
• Number of historical transaction orders;
• Historical transaction order amount.

Through the first two indicators, we can judge the current active state of the user and whether it is necessary to align for activation or recall.

Through the latter two indicators, we can clearly calculate the customer unit price of the user, that is, the ARPU value of the user, which is the key to measure the user value.

3) User life cycle

• Number of registered users: number of registered e-commerce platform users;
• Number of active users: the number of users who log in to the APP;
• Number of users browsing business details: the number of users browsing the product details page;
• Number of new users: the number of users with 0 historical transaction orders;
• Number of old users: the number of users with historical transaction orders greater than 0;
• Number of repurchased users: the number of users with historical transaction orders greater than 1;
• Number of silent users: the number of users who have logged in the APP for more than 30 days and less than 90 days;
• Number of lost users: the number of users who have logged into the APP for 90 days or more.

Differentiating users according to their life cycle is conducive to the hierarchical and refined operation of users. Different operation strategies are adopted for users at different stages. For example, new users can be urged to complete their first order as soon as possible through new coupons and push, and the number of silent users can be recalled through SMS and exclusive offers.

It should be noted that different platforms have different definitions of their own silent and lost users. Some platforms will judge by activity, while others will judge by transaction. This time, it is only for reference, and it needs to be formulated in combination with its own platform characteristics and business demands.

After users come in, the first pages to accept users are all levels, including APP access, home page, activity pages, business details pages and clicks on elements in each page. These are the key indicators of traffic statistics.

1）APP

• Number of APP openers;
• APP opening times;
• Each tab is exposed to uv;
• Expose PV for each tab;
• Click uv on each tab;
• Click PV for each tab;
• UV click rate of each tab = click uv of each tab/expose uv of each tab;
• The PV click rate of each tab = each tab clicks on PV/ each tab exposes PV.

In general, we define the number of people who open the APP as the number of activities, so we need to measure the activity by counting the number and times of opening the APP.

There are many bottom tabs in current apps, such as Taobao’s home page, shopping, messages, shopping cart and my Taobao.

Each tab will have a corresponding exposure and click, and the click rate can be calculated according to this.

2) Active Page

• Page exposure uv;
• Page exposure PV;
• Click uv on the page;
• Click PV on the page;
• Page UV click rate = page click UV/ page exposure UV;
• Page PV click rate = page click PV/ page exposure PV;
• Per capita exposure = page exposure PV/ page exposure UV;
• Per capita click = page click PV/ page click UV.

Activity pages include home page, activity pages at all levels, and channel pages. For the statistical traffic of pages, the most important thing is exposure and clicking, so that the traffic of an activity page can be judged.

You can also refer to the per capita click, click rate and other indicators to judge the attractiveness of a single activity page to users.

3) Active Page Element

• Element exposure UV
• Element exposure PV
• Element click UV
• Element click PV
• Element UV click rate = element click UV/ element exposure UV
• Element PV click rate = element click PV/ element exposure PV
• Per capita exposure = element exposure PV/ element exposure UV
• Per capita click = element click PV/ element click UV

Active page elements refer to the elements in the above pages, such as package station, banner, icon, feed stream, advertising space, pop-up window and floating.

This is the important data for the traffic monitoring of the active page. Only by knowing the click rate of each element can we know which content users are more interested in, and then guide the operation to design and adjust the page.

Especially for the placement of advertising space, many platforms need internal competition for the content of advertising space.

One of the main bases of competition is the click-through rate. If the content delivered has a high click-through rate, it means that the delivery value is relatively higher. Of course, this needs to be viewed in combination with the subsequent transformation.

4) Business details

• Business details page uv;
• Business details page PV;
• Add a shopping cart and click UV;
• Add a shopping cart and click PV;
• Buy now and click UV;
• Buy now, click PV.

The product details page is an important page in the payment process of ordering, which mainly records the user’s browsing and jumping to place an order.

In addition to basic browsing data, clicking on the car and buying data.

In fact, there are many modules in the business details page, such as the coupon layer, whether the user clicks to see which coupons are available and clicks to collect them.

In the actual embedding point, all the browsing and clicking of the bomb layer should have embedding points, and according to the business needs, the browsing and clicking data of the corresponding module on the page can be observed.

5) Order page

• Confirm the order page UV;
• Confirm the order page PV;
• Submit the order and click UV;
• Submit the order and click PV.

The order confirmation page is also the core page of the order payment process. When users want to place an order for payment, they must go through the order confirmation page to confirm the relevant information of the order, and then jump to payment.

Among them, page browsing data and click-to-submit order data are the most important, which are the key data indicators of the funnel of order placing process.

There are other modules that can also be properly concerned, such as the coupon layer, whether the user clicks to see which coupons are available and clicks to use them; Select the receiving address, elastic layer, etc.

6) Payment page

• Payment page uv;
• Payment page PV;
• Click uv to pay the order;
• Click PV to pay the order.

The payment page is the last page of the payment process, and it is also the key to the transaction. Only when the user finally makes a transaction will it mean the improvement of GMV. The payment page is also commonly called the cashier page.

Page browsing data and pay-per-click data are the most important, which are the key data indicators of the order process funnel.

Many platforms will also open other functions at the checkout counter, such as choosing different payment methods, supporting the choice of installment payment and choosing different installment numbers, and observing users’ payment preferences through their clicks.

In e-commerce business, search is a very important business entrance. When users have no clear purchase target, they may browse the recommended products in the feed stream.

But when users have a very clear purchase goal, search is always the first entrance for users.

1) Search the basic situation

• Search exposure uv;
• Search exposure PV;
• Search and click PV;
• Search and click PV;
• Search UV usage rate = search click UV/ search exposure UV;
• Search PV utilization rate = search click PV/ search exposure PV;
• Number of searches per capita = search click PV/ search click UV;
• Per capita search terms = (search results words+search results words)/search clicks UV.

Search portals will exist in multiple pages, usually on the home page, so that users can clearly see them, so it is necessary to record their exposure and click data and analyze the user’s use of search.

In addition, we can observe the number of searches per capita and the number of words. If users search a lot, on the one hand, it shows that their purpose of coming to the platform is clear, on the other hand, they need to pay attention to whether the relevant recommendations are not accurate enough, which leads users to use search frequently.

2) Search has results

• Search has results uv;
• Search has a result PV;
• Search for results, click on the results UV;
• Search for results and click on the results PV;
• Search results without clicking UV;
• Search results without clicking UV proportion = search results without clicking UV https://www.woshipm.com/data-analysis/search results with UV;
• Search for the amount of words with results;
• Search for the number of words with results and no clicks;
• Proportion of words with search results without clicking = words with search results without clicking/words with search results.

According to the search results, it can be divided into search with results and search without results. When the search has results, you can check the number and times of people who have search results and whether they click after the results.

If the search has results, but the proportion of no clicks is high, it may be necessary to pay attention to whether the search results are not accurate enough, and the products searched out are not what users want, so users don’t want to click.

3) Search has no results

• Search for no results uv;
• Search for no result PV;
• Proportion of people who search for no results = search for no results UV/search click UV;
• Search for fruitless words;
• Proportion of search words without results = search words without results/(search words with results+search words without results).

Compared with the search with results, the search without results needs to focus on the problem of word quantity.

If there are a lot of words with no results, and the proportion is high, it means that there is a shortage of goods or the search matching algorithm needs to be optimized.

When the proportion of users who have no results in the overall search increases, they need to pay attention to the optimization of search products immediately. If more and more users come to search but don’t get feedback, then more and more users will be lost.

In the search data, the observation idea can be:

1. Pay attention to the data without results first, reduce the proportion of search without results, and ensure that users can find things;
2. Then pay attention to the data with results, reduce the proportion of results without clicks, and ensure that what the user finds is what he wants;
3. Finally, pay attention to the click data with results, and judge whether the things searched and clicked by users have finally formed a transformation.

Commodities mainly depend on their sales volume and profit, with sales volume paid by placing orders and profit by gross profit.

1) Basic information of commodities

• Quantity of commodities;
• New quantity of goods;
• The number of goods in stock;
• No inventory quantity of goods;
• The goods are sold in quantity;
• No sales quantity of goods;
• New rate of goods = new quantity of goods/quantity of goods;
• Sales rate of commodities = quantity of commodities sold/quantity of commodities;
• The unsalable rate of commodities = unsold quantity of commodities/quantity of commodities;
• Commodity dumping rate = quantity of goods out of stock/quantity of goods.

The quantity of goods reflects the ability of "goods" in e-commerce, and transactions can only be made if goods are available first.

But in addition, we need to pay attention to several major indicators, and whether the new rate feedback platform on commodities has continuously iteratively updated commodities.

The sales rate of commodities ensures that not only commodities are available, but also people buy them.

If the slow-moving rate of video is too high, we need to take corresponding measures to enhance the exposure of long-tail goods.

If the commodity dumping rate is high, on the one hand, it can reflect the preferences of platform users, on the other hand, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the supply chain is complete and whether iterative optimization is needed to support commodity sales.

2) Commodity sales

• Number of people placing orders;
• Number of orders placed;
• Order amount;
• Number of payers;
• Payment odd number;
• Payment amount.

The data indicators of goods ordering and payment mainly feed back the sales of goods.

3) Commodity profit

• Gross profit of self-operated goods = transaction amount-procurement cost-storage cost-logistics cost+rebate;
• Gross profit of pop products = transaction amount * deduction ratio-platform promotion expenses.

The profit of commodities can be divided into self-operated commodities and pop commodities to calculate.

For the big platform, there are both self-operated goods and shops, and the profit of the platform is calculated by deducting points.

The gross profit of self-operated goods needs to deduct the purchase cost, storage cost and logistics cost from the transaction amount of goods.

In addition, there may be cooperation with the brand, and the corresponding rebate can be obtained for selling a certain commodity, which is also part of the income.

It should be noted that only the gross profit of goods is considered here, all from the perspective of goods, such as labor costs are not taken into account.

For pop goods, that is, goods sold in stores, the commission is generally calculated by deducting the proportion of points, and at the same time, the promotion expenses spent by the platform, such as the amount of coupons issued by the platform, are deducted.

Order is the core of e-commerce system and the key to all transformation and statistics. The whole order process includes ordering, payment, completion and after-sales.

1) Place an order

• Number of orders placed;
• Number of people placing orders;
• Order amount.

2) Deal

• Number of transactions;
• Number of transactions;
• Transaction amount;
• Unit price of clinched a deal = clinched a deal amount/clinched a deal quantity;
• Transaction customer unit price = transaction amount/number of transactions;
• Turnover rate = turnover/order number;
• Transaction order conversion rate = transaction quantity/order quantity.

In addition to the basic order transaction index, it is also necessary to observe the customer unit price, which is the key to measure the user’s value, and can also understand the user’s consumption habits.

In addition, through the conversion rate of the transaction, we can check the loss of the order, and then optimize the process funnel of payment under the order.

3) Close the bill

• Quantity of customs clearance;
• Number of people closing the bill;
• Amount of customs clearance;
• Automatic closing quantity;
• Manual closing quantity.

Order closing includes that the user cancels the order voluntarily or the system cancels the order for various reasons.

In addition to paying attention to quantity, we need to pay attention to the specific reasons for closing orders, such as the classification of the reasons why users cancel orders voluntarily, whether the price is too high or the quality is not good.

It is equivalent to a user survey, so as to iterate according to user feedback.

4) After sale

• Number of after-sales orders;
• Number of after-sales orders;
• Number of successful after-sales orders;
• Number of failed after-sales orders.

After-sale forms generally include refund, return and exchange. Observing the quantity of after-sales orders and the number of people can confirm the performance quality of orders. If the quantity of after-sales orders is too high, it indicates that there are problems in the quality and service of goods.

At the same time, we should also pay attention to the results of after-sales orders and judge whether we have provided good after-sales service for users.

E-commerce marketing is mostly completed through coupons and various promotional activities, including single product direct drop activities, full discount activities, and group activities. The basic measurement indicators of different activities are similar, but there are some gaps in the corresponding indicators because of the different settings of coupons.

1) coupons

• Circulation;
• Number of recipients;
• Number of coupons received;
• Collection rate = number of coupons received/circulation;
• Number of people using coupons;
• Number of coupons used;
• Coupon rate = number of coupons used/number of coupons received;
• Number of people placing orders with coupons;
• Number of orders placed with coupons;
• The amount of the order with the coupon;
• Number of people paid by coupons;
• Pay the single amount with coupons;
• The amount paid by coupons;
• Coupon investment amount = coupon payment amount * coupon denomination;
• Coupon ROI= coupon investment amount/coupon payment amount.

The coupon collection rate and coupon utilization rate can help operators find the funnel problem, whether users do not collect coupons or place orders without coupons after receiving them.

The ROI of coupons is the key to measure the value of coupon activities. The order amount brought by coupons can be confirmed by paying the amount with coupons, and then the total input cost can be obtained by multiplying the total number of coupons consumed by the coupon denomination, and finally the input-output ratio can be calculated.

2) Activities

• Number of people placing orders at the event;
• Number of active orders;
• Activity order amount;
• Number of people paying for activities;
• Activity payment bill quantity;
• Activity payment amount;
• Amount invested in the activity;
• Activity ROI= activity input amount/activity payment amount;
• Activity indicators are similar to coupons, mainly taking ROI as a measure of activity value.

The above indicators such as traffic, orders, commodities, marketing, etc. can be used not only for platform self-operation, but also for the operation measurement of platform-settled merchants.

If there is a platform with both self-operated and pop merchants like JD.COM, you only need to apply different indicators to different objects.

Data is a reliable basis for business improvement and iteration, a powerful basis for upgrading and transformation, and a reliable basis for strategic decision-making.

It represents the user’s behavior habits and ways, and it needs to be calculated, observed and analyzed to see the conclusion.

Data plays an irreplaceable role in e-commerce and is the guarantee for its continuous development.

Only by building a complete and clear data index system can we achieve business transformation through data promotion.

The core of e-commerce data indicators includes users, traffic, search, goods, orders and marketing.

Each company and business may be slightly different, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and finally build a data system that matches its own business.

　

Author: Ball, WeChat WeChat official account: product balls.

This article was originally published by @ yo-yo. Everyone is a product manager. It is forbidden to reprint without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

Country Garden introduced partners for one of the company’s projects.

On the evening of March 24th, Country Garden announced that Guangzhou Xingchengsi, an indirect subsidiary of the company, had entered into a cooperation agreement with Guangdong Zhongwei and the project company. Accordingly, Guangzhou Xingchengsi and Guangdong Zhongwei agreed to jointly build and develop White Swan Pond International Financial Center on the property in Guangzhou through the project company for sale.

The project company refers to Guangzhou Jinsi Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Guangzhou Xingchengsi. Guangzhou Property refers to land AF020106 located in the core area of White Swan Pond Business District, Liwan District, Guangzhou, with a site area of 13,968 square meters, a plot ratio of 15 and a floor area of 209,520 square meters, and the land is designated for commercial and enterprise purposes.

According to the announcement, the project company acquired Guangzhou property through open market bidding and auction in 2017 and acquired the land use right of Guangzhou property in 2018. It is planned to build a 64-storey high-rise commercial building with a 5-storey basement on the property in Guangzhou.

According to the appraisal report issued by Guangdong Tongde Real Estate Land Assets Appraisal and Planning Surveying and Mapping Co., Ltd. dated March 21, 2024, as of February 29, 2024, the market value of land use right of Guangzhou property was about 3.122 billion yuan.

In addition, as of the date of announcement, the certificates and approvals required for the construction and development of the building on the property in Guangzhou have been obtained. However, the construction of Guangzhou property has been suspended, and only the underground continuous wall and three internal supports have been basically completed, while excavation works are under way.

According to the cooperation agreement, Guangzhou Xingchengsi is regarded as having provided 3.1 billion yuan to the project company, while Guangdong Zhongwei agreed to provide further funds for the project totaling about 2.8 billion yuan. It is expected that the construction of the basement floor of the building will be completed in 2025, and the capping and project completion will be in 2026 and 2027 respectively.

In addition, Guangzhou Xingchengsi and Guangdong Zhongwei also reached a supplementary agreement on the same day, which made a supplementary agreement on the potential impact of mortgage on the performance of the cooperation agreement.

Country Garden explained the reasons for introducing partners for the project in the announcement. Country Garden said that the project was hindered by various complicated factors. For example, the assets of one of the intermediate shareholders of the project company (a fellow subsidiary of Country Garden) are currently restricted by the freezing order issued by the Guangdong Higher People’s Court. In addition, Guangzhou Property itself has been mortgaged to several mortgagees as a guarantee for the medium-term notes issued by Country Garden Real Estate Group Co., Ltd. (the same subsidiary of Country Garden) in 2023 with an amount of 1.7 billion yuan due in 2025.

Country Garden said that in view of the above-mentioned complicated factors and the large amount of funds that the project will require, it is difficult for the company to resume construction or sell properties in Guangzhou. Introducing Guangdong Zhongwei as a partner to jointly develop Guangzhou property will provide a timely and urgently needed solution to the difficulties faced by the company in realizing Guangzhou property.

Editor: Meng Mei? ?Proofreading: Zhang Yu?Photo editor: Zhou Yang

　　A few days ago, the teacher of the "Science Fiction Literature and Film Creation Series Lecture Class" of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences gave 22 students 0 points for plagiarizing their final articles, which sounded an alarm for the students. Because of the lack of self-accumulation, lack of relevant training and the neglect of undergraduate thesis, plagiarism of college students’ thesis is widespread on campus.

　　Last week, a survey of 2002 college students was conducted by the Social Investigation Center of China Youth Newspaper in conjunction with the questionnaire network. It showed that 76.4% of the respondents plagiarized course papers, and 67.3% of the respondents thought it was serious academic misconduct. 64.0% of the respondents believe that college students plagiarize papers because they lack knowledge accumulation and research ability. 88.0% of the respondents hope that the university will offer a thesis writing course, and 67.8% of the respondents think that the tutor should strictly check the feasibility and difficulty of the project.

　　Among the respondents, 13.4% were freshmen and sophomores, 61.8% were juniors and seniors, 9.1% were postgraduates and above, and 15.6% had graduated. Men account for 54.8% and women account for 45.2%.

　　64.0% of the respondents believe that college students plagiarize papers because they lack knowledge accumulation and research ability.

　　Zhang Jie (pseudonym), a senior majoring in international trade at Ningbo University, told reporters that many students around her copied and pasted their papers from various documents, and got them through reverse order. What’s more, they would directly find gunmen on Taobao to write them.

　　Lin Yuan (a pseudonym), a junior at the School of Journalism, Renmin University of China, feels that there are few cases of plagiarism around. "It is very difficult for our disciplines to write original papers at the undergraduate level. Many of them rely on consulting relevant literature and writing their own course papers. Writing ideas and references may draw lessons from other papers. However, I heard that some students are looking for someone to write papers on their behalf, and there are still cases of falsification of paper data in the Statistical Institute. "

　　In the survey, 76.4% of the respondents said that there was plagiarism of course papers around, 11.5% said that there was no plagiarism around, and 12.1% said that it was unclear. 67.3% of the respondents think that plagiarism is a serious academic misconduct, 23.2% think it’s no big deal, many students use other people’s opinions, and 9.5% say it’s hard to say.

　　"In the past, the courses were generally closed-book exams, which examined the ability of memory and recitation. They were relatively rigid, but they were also fair and objective. Written examination is rarely used in western countries, and many students are assessed by means of usual discussion, research speeches and course papers. Now many universities in China are gradually using this method, especially for graduate students. " Liu Haifeng, director of the Examination Research Center of Xiamen University, said that the latter’s assessment methods are flexible and diverse, allowing students to study independently, and combining study with research. However, there are difficulties in objective assessment, and plagiarism and writing for others may occur. "Now there is software to check duplication, plagiarism is easier to find out, but it is difficult to find out if someone else wrote it for you."

　　In the survey, 64.0% of the respondents think that college students plagiarize papers because of lack of knowledge accumulation and research ability, 56.6% think that time is not enough, 45.0% think that "thesis writing" is just a formal assignment, 40.0% think that relevant courses or papers are worthless, 23.4% think that they follow the trend, and 12.7% point out that some teachers have limited level.

　　Zhang Jie believes that it is ok to learn from other people’s papers, but it should not be copied without thinking. Moreover, the process of writing a thesis is very training, which can enhance a person’s logical thinking ability and ability to collect effective information.

　　Lin Yuan believes that the main reasons for plagiarism of college students’ papers are insufficient knowledge and heavy tasks. "Freshmen and sophomores have to attend 10 classes a week, each class is assigned a paper, and some classes have reading notes and the like. Coupled with the lack of undergraduate knowledge accumulation, plagiarism has become the most convenient way. "

　　Liu Haifeng believes that one reason why college students plagiarize papers is that they are not good enough to write well, and another reason is that they are too lazy to write and want to cope with it by opportunism. There are also students who want to get better grades, for scholarships, research and employment.

　　To put an end to plagiarism of college students’ papers, 67.8% of the respondents think that tutors should strictly check the feasibility and difficulty of the project and provide students with materials for reference, and 56.6% of the respondents suggest that schools adopt more ways to measure students’ learning level. Others include: carrying out necessary spot checks (49.5%), increasing the punishment for plagiarism (41.7%), strengthening the construction of study style, carrying out publicity and education on academic ethics (25.5%), and establishing a perfect academic evaluation mechanism (19.0%).

　　88.0% of the respondents think that universities should offer thesis writing courses.

　　According to the survey, there are other problems in college students’ papers: they have not been trained in writing norms (65.9%), it is difficult to form their own opinions (58.7%), the requirements of papers do not match the learning level (50.7%) and they are not taken seriously (27.0%). 88.0% of the respondents believe that universities should offer thesis writing courses.

　　Lin Yuan thinks that universities should offer thesis writing courses, but don’t measure them by grades. Now, the thesis writing class is just like other classes. At last, we have to make a report and write a thesis, which increases the burden on students.

　　"Now many universities have thesis writing courses, especially at the postgraduate level. It is also very important to go out for employment, which is a basic skill. " Liu Haifeng pointed out that academic papers are different from prose and lyrical styles, and emphasize logic, theory and academic norms. "Thesis writing course should include three aspects: content and thought, formal skills and academic norms. The most basic thing is the framework structure, viewpoints and arguments, the expression of academic language, and the format specifications such as quotations, notes and references. The most important thing in writing a thesis is to have something to say and have your own thinking and research. It is necessary to emphasize respect for intellectual property rights to students and not to have the idea of plagiarism. " According to the survey, the respondents think that the content of the thesis writing course should involve the structure and format of the thesis (64.0%), how to find and read reference materials (61.4%), how to make a literature review (52.7%), and others: how to form an argument (44.3%), the basic principles of writing a thesis (38.0%) and what journal to publish in (12.8%).

　　Lin Yuan hopes that teachers in all subjects can give feedback to students’ papers and tell them where there are shortcomings and how to improve them. "There is also the need to pay attention to training critical thinking in class. I took a journalism theory class before, and the teacher assigned a lot of books, so that we could write a book report in each class. The whole class benefited a lot after one semester. "

　　To improve the level of college students’ thesis writing, 71.1% of the respondents suggested that the school set up relevant courses or lectures to systematically teach thesis writing, 62.0% suggested that college students read extensively to broaden their knowledge, 57.2% suggested that the school arrange holiday homework to let students exercise their ability to write papers, and 32.8% suggested that teachers give guidance and feedback while arranging thesis homework in class.

　　Zhang Jie suggested that college students should strengthen the training of logical thinking when completing their daily homework, and the school should offer relevant courses, and at the same time establish a reporting platform to supervise each other among students. "Before assigning the paper homework, the teacher can explain and analyze the ideas of writing the paper. In addition, it is necessary to punish the media that provide convenience for plagiarism. "

　　To prevent plagiarism of college students’ papers, Lin Yuan felt that there should be corresponding punishment, such as failing the exam. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the burden on students and pay attention to the quality rather than quantity of papers. "Teachers should be persuasive in class and teach students how to form their own ideas. Once they have ideas, they can write papers easily.".

　　"We hope that students’ learning should be personalized, and the unified examination is really rigid, unless it is a course that needs to be measured, such as a foreign language, so there will be more and more forms of assessment for college course papers. It is flexible and diverse to evaluate the learning situation with course papers. The key is how to control the quality of the paper. " Liu Haifeng believes that to ensure the quality of course papers, teachers should be highly responsible and strict with students. Students can be told in advance, and whether there is plagiarism can be seen through duplicate checking.

　　China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online Reporter Wang Pinzhi Intern Gu Lingwen

[Moderator Hu Wenhui, director of China National Intellectual Property Administration’s office] Good morning, friends from the press! Welcome to China National Intellectual Property Administration’s press conference. This press conference is the first regular press conference in China National Intellectual Property Administration in 2017. Thank you for your concern and support for China’s intellectual property cause in 2016. Next, I would like to introduce the leaders who attended today’s conference: Gong Yalin, Director of Planning and Development Department; Zheng Huifen, Director of Examination Management Department of Patent Office; Ge Shu, Deputy Director of Patent Reexamination Board; and Zhao Meisheng, Deputy Director of Patent Management Department. I’m Hu Wenhui, spokesperson and director of the office. Next, I will release the main work statistics and relevant information of China National Intellectual Property Administration in 2016.

[2017-01-19 10:01]

[Hu Wenhui] I. Main work statistics and other relevant information
　　In 2016, our bureau accepted 1.339 million invention patent applications, with a year-on-year increase of 21.5%, ranking first in the world for six consecutive years. A total of 404,000 invention patents were authorized, including 302,000 domestic invention patents, an increase of 39,000 compared with 2015 and a year-on-year increase of 14.5%. In the domestic invention patent authorization, there are 276,000 service inventions, accounting for 91.4%; The number of non-service inventions was 26,000, accounting for 8.6%.

[2017-01-19 10:02]

[Hu Wenhui] In 2016, the top ten domestic (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) enterprises in China were: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (4,906), China Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (4,405), LeTV Holdings (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (4,197) and ZTE Corporation (3,947). 778 pieces), BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd. (3,569 pieces), Zhuhai Gree Electric Co., Ltd. (3,299 pieces), Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co., Ltd. (3,280 pieces), Nubian Technology Co., Ltd. (2,912 pieces) and State Grid Corporation (2,784 pieces).

[2017-01-19 10:03]

[Hu Wenhui] In 2016, the top ten domestic (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) enterprises in China were: State Grid Corporation (4,146), Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (2,690), China Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (2,555), ZTE Corporation (1,587) and BOE Technology. 228 pieces), Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (1,027 pieces), Zhuhai Gree Electric Co., Ltd. (871 pieces), China Oil and Gas Co., Ltd. (867 pieces), Lenovo (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (763 pieces) and Shanghai Hua Hong Hongli Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (721 pieces).

[2017-01-19 10:04]

[Hu Wenhui] By the end of 2016, the number of invention patents in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) totaled 1.103 million, and the number of invention patents per 10,000 population reached 8.0. The top ten provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) with invention patents per 10,000 population in China are: Beijing (76.8), Shanghai (35.2), Jiangsu (18.4), Zhejiang (16.5), Guangdong (15.5), Tianjin (14.7), Shaanxi (7.3).

[2017-01-19 10:05]

[Hu Wenhui] In 2016, our bureau accepted 45,000 PCT patent applications, a year-on-year increase of 47.3%. Among them, 42,200 pieces came from China, up 48.5% year-on-year; 2800 pieces came from abroad, up 31.2% year-on-year. In 2016, there were 19 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) with more than 100 PCT patent applications, an increase of 3 compared with 2015. Among them, there are 23,600 in Guangdong, ranking first, and more than 1,000 in Beijing, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong and Zhejiang. The number of PCT patent applications in the above six provinces and cities accounts for nearly 90% of the national total.

[2017-01-19 10:06]

[Hu Wenhui] In 2016, there were 4,834 patent applications published in countries along the Belt and Road (excluding China), up 47.1% year-on-year, and the number of destination countries for patent applications was 18, up 3 from 2015. Among them, 3,017 patents were applied in India, up 131.5% year-on-year. In 2016, countries along the Belt and Road applied for 3,697 patents in China, an increase of 18.2% over 2015.

[2017-01-19 10:07]

[Hu Wenhui] In 2016, the total number of patent administrative law enforcement cases nationwide was 48,916, a year-on-year increase of 36.5%. Among them, 20,859 cases of patent disputes were handled (including 20,351 cases of patent infringement disputes), a year-on-year increase of 42.8%; 28,057 counterfeit patent cases were investigated, up 32.1% year-on-year.

[2017-01-19 10:07]

[Hu Wenhui] In 2016, the Patent Reexamination Board accepted 13,107 reexamination requests, closed 17,623 reexamination requests, accepted 3,969 invalidation requests and closed 4,100 invalidation requests.

[2017-01-19 10:08]

[Hu Wenhui] In 2016, the Bureau further intensified the reform of the patent agency "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" and abolished the provision of "preliminary examination and approval of the establishment of patent agencies" under the responsibility of provincial intellectual property offices. Issued the "Pilot Work Plan for the Reform of Patent Agency Industry" to relax the conditions for shareholders or partners of patent agencies. In 2001, 269 patent agencies were approved, of which 65 enjoyed the pilot reform policy. The national patent agent qualification examination process was further optimized, with more than 30,000 applicants and a total of 4,954 people passing the examination, all reaching record highs. Up to now, the number of patent agencies in China has exceeded 1,500, with more than 14,000 licensed patent agents.

[2017-01-19 10:08]

[Hu Wenhui] First, China’s domestic invention patents have exceeded 1 million. By the end of 2016, the number of domestic invention patents in China reached 1.103 million, surpassing 1 million for the first time. China is the third country in the world with more than one million domestic invention patents after the United States and Japan. The number of invention patents per 10,000 population in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) reached 8.0, 1.7 more than that at the end of the 12th Five-Year Plan, which laid a good foundation for completing the target of 12 invention patents per 10,000 population in the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan.

[2017-01-19 10:09]

[Hu Wenhui] Second, the main features

[2017-01-19 10:09]

[Hu Wenhui] Second, China’s invention patent creation has achieved a rise in quantity and quality. 2016 is the first year of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan". The number of domestic invention patent applications accepted and authorized continues to grow steadily, and the structure is further optimized. The proportion of invention patent applications in all patent applications remains around 40%, and enterprises account for more than 60% of domestic invention patent applications and authorizations. The ability of patent creation and application of innovation subjects, mainly enterprises, has been continuously improved. At the same time, the improvement of patent acceptance and approval ability in China has also provided a solid guarantee for the protection of innovation achievements.

[2017-01-19 10:09]

[Hu Wenhui] Third, there is still a gap between the patent layout in some fields and foreign countries. Among the 35 technical fields classified by the World Intellectual Property Organization, in 2016, the number of domestic invention patents was higher than that of foreign invention patents in China, an increase of one over that in 2015. However, there are still gaps between China and foreign countries in six fields, such as optics, engines, transportation, semiconductors, audio-visual technology and medical technology. For example, in the fields of optics and engines, the number of invention patents owned by foreign countries is 1.4 times and 1.2 times that of China respectively. Judging from the effective invention patents that have been maintained for more than 10 years, the number of foreign patents in China is 1.9 times that in China, and the transportation field has reached 5.7 times. Therefore, China still needs to strengthen the patent layout in some technical fields.

[2017-01-19 10:10]

[Hu Wenhui] Fourth, the growth of foreign patent applications by Chinese applicants is strong. In the process of implementing the "going out" strategy in China, a number of innovative enterprises have emerged that pay attention to and rely on intellectual property rights to participate in international competition, which has driven the number of PCT patent applications in China to a record high. In 2016, 42,000 PCT patent applications were submitted by Chinese applicants through China National Intellectual Property Administration, with a year-on-year growth rate of 48.5%. However, compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap in China’s overseas patent layout ability. According to the data of the World Intellectual Property Organization, in 2015, the number of foreign invention patent applications in China only ranked sixth in the world, about 1/6 of that in the United States, 1/5 of that in Japan and less than half of that in Germany. Therefore, China urgently needs to strengthen the ability of overseas patent layout.

[2017-01-19 10:11]

[Hu Wenhui] The above is the main work statistics and relevant information of our bureau in 2016. Next, please ask reporters to ask questions on related issues, and please inform your media when you ask questions.

[2017-01-19 10:12]

[CCTV reporter] You mentioned in the release that in 2016, China’s domestic invention patents exceeded 1 million, making it the third country in the world to have more than 1 million domestic invention patents, and it has reached a large scale in terms of quantity. What safeguards are there to improve the quality of patents?

[2017-01-19 10:12]

[Gong Yalin, Director of Planning and Development Department of China National Intellectual Property Administration] The number of domestic invention patents refers to the number of invention patents authorized by China National Intellectual Property Administration and within the validity period owned by Chinese residents.
　　Internationally, the number of domestic invention patents is usually regarded as an important index to measure and evaluate the innovation level of a country. At present, China’s invention patent application and authorization both rank first in the world, which shows that under the background of implementing innovation-driven development strategy and intellectual property strategy, the creative enthusiasm and ability of innovation subjects in China are rising. On the other hand, it also benefits from the remarkable improvement of China’s patent acceptance and approval ability, and the approval efficiency is constantly improving. China is the third country with more than 1 million invention patents after the United States and Japan, which is the result of strengthening the protection and application of intellectual property rights in China, and shows the basic guarantee function of patent system for stimulating innovation.

[2017-01-19 10:13]

[Gong Yalin] In the first 25 years since the implementation of the patent system in China, the number of foreign invention patents in China has been higher than that in China. In 2011, the number of domestic invention patents in China surpassed that of foreign countries for the first time; After another five years, the number of effective invention patents in China has exceeded one million, which is conducive to China’s innovative subjects occupying a favorable position in market competition and reflects the effectiveness of China’s innovation and development. Nevertheless, we should see that the number of patents still needs to be solved. In China, there are not many effective invention patents that have been maintained for more than 10 years, and the number in some key fields is not dominant, which needs to be strengthened. Therefore, in the just-released "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for the protection and application of intellectual property rights, key arrangements have been made to further improve the quality and efficiency of intellectual property rights. In the next step, we will comprehensively promote the quality improvement of all links in the whole chain of patent creation, application, agency, examination, protection and application in accordance with the working concept of "quality wins, quantity distribution".

[2017-01-19 10:14]

[China Daily reporter] Please tell us about the invalid patent examination and patent reexamination cycle in China in 2016. What measures does China National Intellectual Property Administration take to manage the examination cycle when the number of patent applications has increased substantially?

[2017-01-19 10:15]

[Zheng Huifen, Director of Review Business Management Department] In 2016, China’s patent review cycle remained basically stable as a whole. Among them, the invention review cycle was stable at 22 months, and the new and appearance closing cycle was stable at 3 months.
　　In recent years, the number of patent applications in China has increased continuously and rapidly, which has actually brought great pressure to the management of patent examination cycle. China National Intellectual Property Administration has always adhered to the mode of whole-process and segmented target management, scientifically deployed examination human resources, made great efforts to clean up cases with extremely long cycles, and adopted various examination methods such as priority examination and pilot centralized examination, which basically maintained the stability of the examination cycle. Under the background of rapid growth of patent applications in China, the stability of the cycle was hard to come by.

[2017-01-19 10:16]

[Ge Shu, Deputy Director of the Patent Reexamination Board] In 2016, the average closing period of reexamination reached 11.9 months, and the average closing period of invalid cases reached 5.1 months, down 1.8 months and 0.7 months respectively. By constantly strengthening internal management, the Reexamination Committee, on the one hand, optimizes internal processes and management modes, and carries out short-cycle case management pilots to shorten the case review cycle, on the other hand, it reduces the number of long-cycle cases by strengthening the management and control of long-cycle cases. It has achieved a double decline in the period of retrial and invalid closing.

[2017-01-19 10:17]

[Reporter of China Intellectual Property News] Please tell us about the law enforcement cases against patent infringement and counterfeiting in 2016, especially in the fields of e-commerce?

[2017-01-19 10:18]

[Zhao Meisheng, Deputy Director of the Patent Management Department] In 2016, the efforts to crack down on patent infringement and counterfeiting were further strengthened, the efficiency of handling cases was further improved, the structure was further optimized, and the law enforcement work in key areas was significantly strengthened, which enhanced the confidence of the majority of innovation subjects and market subjects in patent protection and played an important role in creating a good environment for innovation and development. Specifically:
　　In terms of handling efficiency, the settlement rate of various patent cases in 2016 was 97.5%, up 4.3 percentage points year-on-year; Among them, the settlement rate of patent infringement disputes was 94.4%, up 0.8 percentage points year-on-year, and the efficiency of law enforcement was further improved.

[2017-01-19 10:19]

[Zhao Meisheng] In terms of case handling structure, the ratio of patent disputes to counterfeit patents in 2016 was about 1: 1.35, which was more optimized than the 1: 1.45 structure in 2015. The proportion of difficult patent disputes in the total cases increased year by year, and the handling capacity of the whole system was further improved.
　　Law enforcement efforts in key areas such as e-commerce have continued to increase. In 2016, the number of patent law enforcement cases in the field of e-commerce was 13,123, a year-on-year increase of 71.4%; Cross-regional law enforcement cooperation has been further strengthened by establishing a patent law enforcement cooperation and scheduling mechanism in the field of e-commerce.

[2017-01-19 10:20]

[Hu Wenhui] Thank you for attending today’s press conference. In another week, the Spring Festival will be held. Here, I wish you good health, smooth work and a happy family. This is the end of the press conference, thank you!

[2017-01-19 10:21]